Franz I (Franz de Paula Maria Karl August; 28 August 1853 – 25 July 1938) was
Prince of Liechtenstein
The prince regnant of Liechtenstein (german: Fürst von und zu Liechtenstein) is the monarch and head of state of Liechtenstein.Principality of Liechtenstein Family - Die fürstliche Familie (in German) The Liechtenstein family, after which t ...
from 11 February 1929 until his death in 1938.
Early life
Franz de Paula Maria Karl August was born on 28 August 1853, to
Aloys II and
Franziska Kinsky in
Liechtenstein Castle
Liechtenstein Castle (german: Burg Liechtenstein) is a privately owned castle near Maria Enzersdorf in Lower Austria, bordering Vienna. It is on the edge of the '' Wienerwald'' (Vienna Woods). The castle, originally built during the 12th cen ...
. He attended the
University of Vienna
The University of Vienna (german: Universität Wien) is a public research university located in Vienna, Austria. It was founded by Duke Rudolph IV in 1365 and is the oldest university in the German-speaking world. With its long and rich hist ...
and the
University of Prague before serving as the successor to Count Anton Graf von Wolkenstein-Trostburg as the
Austro-Hungarian ambassador to the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
from 1894 to 1898. He was the 1,204th Knight of the
Order of the Golden Fleece in
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
.
He fell in love with
Elisabeth von Gutmann
Elisabeth Sarolta von Gutmann (6 January 187528 September 1947) was princess consort of Liechtenstein from 1929 to 1938 as the wife of Prince Franz I of Liechtenstein.
Early life
Elisabeth (also known as Elsa) was born at Vienna, Austria-Hunga ...
, a widow who had converted to
Roman Catholicism from
Judaism
Judaism ( he, ''Yahăḏūṯ'') is an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and ethnic religion comprising the collective religious, cultural, and legal tradition and civilization of the Jewish people. It has its roots as an organized religion in t ...
in 1899, but his brother
Johann
Johann, typically a male given name, is the German form of ''Iohannes'', which is the Latin form of the Greek name ''Iōánnēs'' (), itself derived from Hebrew name '' Yochanan'' () in turn from its extended form (), meaning "Yahweh is Gracious ...
disapproved of the relationship and refused to consent to it. In 1919, he secretly married Gutmann in Salzberg and remarried her following Johann's death on 22 July 1929.
Reign
On 11 February 1929,
Johann II died, passing the title of Prince of Liechtenstein to Franz. A few weeks after he took the title, 395,360 acres of land belonging to the Liechtenstein family was seized by
Czechoslovakia
, rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי,
, common_name = Czechoslovakia
, life_span = 1918–19391945–1992
, p1 = Austria-Hungary
, image_p1 ...
. A delegation of farmers petitioned him to establish a republic in Liechtenstein, but ended their attempts when he stated that he would not give any of his money towards the country, forcing it to rely solely on taxation.
In 1937, Prime Minister
Josef Hoop
Franz Josef Hoop (14 December 1895 – 19 October 1959) was a political figure from Liechtenstein who served as Prime Minister of Liechtenstein from 1928 to 1945.
Early life
Hoop attended high school in Feldkirch, Vorarlberg, Feldkirch, Austria, ...
admitted that Austrian pretender
Otto von Habsburg
Otto von Habsburg (german: Franz Joseph Otto Robert Maria Anton Karl Max Heinrich Sixtus Xaver Felix Renatus Ludwig Gaetan Pius Ignatius, hu, Ferenc József Ottó Róbert Mária Antal Károly Max Heinrich Sixtus Xaver Felix Renatus Lajos Gaetan ...
was living in
Liechtenstein Castle
Liechtenstein Castle (german: Burg Liechtenstein) is a privately owned castle near Maria Enzersdorf in Lower Austria, bordering Vienna. It is on the edge of the '' Wienerwald'' (Vienna Woods). The castle, originally built during the 12th cen ...
as a guest of Franz I in order to be closer to Austria rather than in his previous residence of
Steenokkerzeel
Steenokkerzeel () is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Flemish Brabant. The municipality comprises the towns of Melsbroek, Perk and Steenokkerzeel proper. On December 31, 2010 Steenokkerzeel had a total population of 11,580. The ...
,
Belgium
Belgium, ; french: Belgique ; german: Belgien officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Northwestern Europe. The country is bordered by the Netherlands to the north, Germany to the east, Luxembourg to the southeast, France to th ...
. An extradition treaty was also signed between
Liechtenstein and the United States.
He had no children so his nephew
Prince Aloys was next in line, but Aloys removed himself from the line of succession in favor of his son,
Franz Joseph
Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (german: Franz Joseph Karl, hu, Ferenc József Károly, 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 2 December 1848 until his ...
, in 1923.
On 31 March 1938, he made his grandnephew
Franz Joseph
Franz Joseph I or Francis Joseph I (german: Franz Joseph Karl, hu, Ferenc József Károly, 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and the other states of the Habsburg monarchy from 2 December 1848 until his ...
his regent following the
Anschluss
The (, or , ), also known as the (, en, Annexation of Austria), was the annexation of the Federal State of Austria into the German Reich on 13 March 1938.
The idea of an (a united Austria and Germany that would form a " Greater Germany ...
of
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
. After making his grandnephew regent he moved to Feldberg,
Czechoslovakia
, rue, Чеськословеньско, , yi, טשעכאסלאוואקיי,
, common_name = Czechoslovakia
, life_span = 1918–19391945–1992
, p1 = Austria-Hungary
, image_p1 ...
and on 25 July, he died while at one of his family's castles, Castle Feldberg, and Franz Joseph formally succeeded him as the Prince of Liechtenstein.
Although Franz stated that he had given the regency to Franz Joseph due to his old age it was speculated that he did not wish to remain in control of the principality if
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
were to invade.
Honours
* : Founder of the
Order of Merit of the Principality of Liechtenstein
The Order of Merit of the Principality of Liechtenstein (german: Fürstlich liechtensteinischer Verdienstorden) is an order of merit of the Principality of Liechtenstein that is awarded for services rendered to the principality. Prince Franz I fo ...
, ''1937'' – on the anniversary of his marriage.
* :
** Grand Cross of the
Imperial Order of Leopold, ''1897''
**
Knight of the Golden Fleece
This article contains a list of knights of the Order of the Golden Fleece.
Knights of the Burgundian Golden Fleece
15th Century
!Year of Induction!!Name!!Born!!Died!!Notes
, -
, rowspan=25, 1430, , Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy, , 1396, , ...
, ''1917''
* : Bailiff Grand Cross of Honour and Devotion
* :
**
Knight of St. Alexander Nevsky
**
Knight of St. Andrew, ''1906''
* :
Knight of St. Hubert, ''1909''
[''Hof- und - Staatshandbuch des Königreichs Bayern'' (1914), "Königliche Orden". p. 10]
References
External links
Princely House of Liechtenstein*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Franz 01, Prince of Liechtenstein
1853 births
1938 deaths
19th-century Roman Catholics
20th-century Roman Catholics
Ambassadors of Austria-Hungary to Russia
Austro-Hungarian diplomats
Charles University alumni
Liechtenstein Roman Catholics
Princes of Liechtenstein
University of Vienna alumni
Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria
Knights of Malta