Adam Frans Jules Armand, Count van der Duyn, ''

lord Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or are ...

of Maasdam and 's-Gravenmoer'' (13 April 1771 - 19 September 1848) was

Dutch Dutch commonly refers to: * Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands * Dutch people () * Dutch language () Dutch may also refer to: Places * Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States * Pennsylvania Dutch Country People E ...

officer and politician. He was part of the Triumvirate of 1813 that invited Prince William Frederick of Orange-Nassau to become Sovereign Prince of the Netherlands. He was born in Deventer, Overijssel.

Biography

He was a member of the

Medieval In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted approximately from the late 5th to the late 15th centuries, similar to the post-classical period of global history. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire ...

noble family Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below royalty. Nobility has often been an estate of the realm with many exclusive functions and characteristics. The characteris ...

''Van der Duyn'' (nl). He joined the army of the

Dutch Republic The United Provinces of the Netherlands, also known as the (Seven) United Provinces, officially as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Dutch: ''Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden''), and commonly referred to in historiography ...

lieutenant A lieutenant ( , ; abbreviated Lt., Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a commissioned officer rank in the armed forces of many nations. The meaning of lieutenant differs in different militaries (see comparative military ranks), but it is often ...

, after completing his military education, in 1787. From 1789 till 1791 he studied

Roman law Roman law is the legal system of ancient Rome, including the legal developments spanning over a thousand years of jurisprudence, from the Twelve Tables (c. 449 BC), to the '' Corpus Juris Civilis'' (AD 529) ordered by Eastern Roman emperor Ju ...

at the

University of Leiden Leiden University (abbreviated as ''LEI''; nl, Universiteit Leiden) is a public research university in Leiden, Netherlands. The university was founded as a Protestant university in 1575 by William, Prince of Orange, as a reward to the city of Le ...

. At the age of 20 he became

Chamberlain Chamberlain may refer to: Profession *Chamberlain (office), the officer in charge of managing the household of a sovereign or other noble figure People *Chamberlain (surname) **Houston Stewart Chamberlain (1855–1927), German-British philosop ...

of Prince William Frederick, the son of stadtholder

William V William V may refer to: * William V, Duke of Aquitaine (969–1030) *William V of Montpellier (1075–1121) * William V, Marquess of Montferrat (1191) * William V, Count of Nevers (before 11751181) *William V, Duke of Jülich (1299–1361) * Willia ...

. He belonged to the

Orange party The Orange Party (, ORANGE) is a political party in the Comoros led by Mohamed Daoudou. History The party first contested national elections in the 2015 parliamentary elections, when it received 6% of the vote, but failed to win a seat. The ...

that opposed the more liberal Patriots who wanted to curtail the power of the stadtholder. However, Van de Duyn was quite enlightened and didn't belong to reactionary wing of the Orange party. After the French occupation of the Dutch Republic and the establishment of the Batavian Republic, he retired from public service and devoted himself to study. He rented the Castle of IJsselstein and lived there with his wife Maria Baroness van der Capellen, who he had married in 1799. They were a very happy young couple, but Maria passed away after ten years of marriage. Van der Duyn was fond of literature and had his own private library. He preferred to read the works of Diderot,

Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau (, ; 28 June 1712 – 2 July 1778) was a Genevan philosopher, writer, and composer. His political philosophy influenced the progress of the Age of Enlightenment throughout Europe, as well as aspects of the French Revolu ...

, Bayle,

Belle van Zuylen Belle may refer to: * Belle (''Beauty and the Beast'') * Belle (given name), a list of people and fictional characters * Belle (surname), a list of people Brands and enterprises * Belle Air, a former airline with headquarters in Tirana, Albania ...

and

Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, and critic. His works include plays, poetry, literature, and aesthetic criticism, as well as tr ...

. He was influenced by the liberal ideas of his age. He preferred a

Constitutional Monarchy A constitutional monarchy, parliamentary monarchy, or democratic monarchy is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in decision making. Constitutional monarchies dif ...

and was opposed to tyranny. He did sympathize with some of the ideals of the French revolutionaries, but despised the radicalism of the Jacobins. He seldom left his castle and choose to live a quiet life. In 1811 Van der Duyn moved to The Hague. He joined the circle of conspirators around

Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp Gijsbert Karel, Count van Hogendorp (27 October 1762 – 5 August 1834) was a liberal conservativeJan de Jongste: ''Van Hogendorp'', article in th''Cultureel Woordenboek. Nederlandse geschiedenis 1500 – 1813'' "Van Hogendorp werd 'van conserv ...

who were planning an uprising against the French occupators. In November 1813, when it came clear that Emperor

Napoleon Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...

was losing the war against the Coalition, Van der Duyn, Van Hogendorp and Leopold van Limburg Stirum took power after an uprising which was planned carefully, and formed a

Triumvirate A triumvirate ( la, triumvirātus) or a triarchy is a political institution ruled or dominated by three individuals, known as triumvirs ( la, triumviri). The arrangement can be formal or informal. Though the three leaders in a triumvirate are ...

that invited Prince William Frederick, the son of the last stadtholder, to come to the Netherlands and to accept the title of ''Sovereign Prince''. On 30 November 1813 Prince William Frederick landed at Scheveningen. After the return of Prince William, a commission was set up to draft a Constitution. Van der Duyn was made a member of that commission that was headed by Van Hogendorp. In 1814 he was appointed a member of the '' Raad van State'' (Council of State). Besides that, he also became head of the Royal Household. As a nobleman (predicate: ''

Jonkheer (female equivalent: ; french: Écuyer; en, Squire) is an honorific in the Low Countries denoting the lowest rank within the nobility. In the Netherlands, this in general concerns a prefix used by the untitled nobility. In Belgium, this is the ...

'',

squire In the Middle Ages, a squire was the shield- or armour-bearer of a knight. Use of the term evolved over time. Initially, a squire served as a knight's apprentice. Later, a village leader or a lord of the manor might come to be known as a ...

), he was entitled to join the ''

Ridderschap Ridder (; English: "Knight") is a noble title in Belgium, Denmark and the Netherlands. Traditionally it denotes the second lowest rank within the nobility, standing below Baron, but above the untitled nobility (Jonkheer) in these countries. " ...

'', the College of Knights, of South Holland. When Prince William Frederick accepted the throne as King William I, Van der Duyn was given the title

Count Count (feminine: countess) is a historical title of nobility in certain European countries, varying in relative status, generally of middling rank in the hierarchy of nobility. Pine, L. G. ''Titles: How the King Became His Majesty''. New York: ...

. From 1817 till 1844 Van der Duyn served as

governor A governor is an administrative leader and head of a polity or political region, ranking under the head of state and in some cases, such as governors-general, as the head of state's official representative. Depending on the type of political ...

of South Holland. King William made him Marshal of the Court in 1825. He continued to serve as Marshal of the Court under William II, who succeeded his father in 1840. In 1840s he supported the revision of the

Constitution A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed. When these princ ...

. In 1848 the King appointed Van der Duyn a member of the Senate in order to secure a majority for the constitutional revisions. He died shortly afterwards on 19 December 1848 in

The Hague The Hague ( ; nl, Den Haag or ) is a city and municipality of the Netherlands, situated on the west coast facing the North Sea. The Hague is the country's administrative centre and its seat of government, and while the official capital o ...

Biography

See also