Frank Heyling Furness (November 12, 1839 - June 27, 1912) was an American architect of the Victorian era. He designed more than 600 buildings, most in the

Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...

area, and is remembered for his diverse, muscular, often unordinarily scaled buildings, and for his influence on the Chicago architect Louis Sullivan. Furness also received a Medal of Honor for bravery during the

Civil War A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government polic ...

. Toward the end of his life, his bold style fell out of fashion, and many of his significant works were demolished in the 20th century. Among his most important surviving buildings are the University of Pennsylvania Library (now the Fisher Fine Arts Library), the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, and the

First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia The First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia is a Unitarian Universalist congregation located at 2125 Chestnut Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As a regional Community Center it sponsors cultural, educational, civic, wellness and spiritual a ...

, all in

, Pennsylvania, and the Baldwin School Residence Hall in Bryn Mawr.

Biography

Furness was born in Philadelphia on November 12, 1839. His father, William Henry Furness, was a prominent

Unitarian Unitarian or Unitarianism may refer to: Christian and Christian-derived theologies A Unitarian is a follower of, or a member of an organisation that follows, any of several theologies referred to as Unitarianism: * Unitarianism (1565–present ...

minister and abolitionist, and his brother, Horace Howard Furness, became America's outstanding Shakespeare scholar. Frank, however, did not attend a university and apparently did not travel to Europe. He began his architectural training in the office of John Fraser, Philadelphia, in the 1850s. He attended the École des Beaux-Arts-inspired atelier of

Richard Morris Hunt Richard Morris Hunt (October 31, 1827 – July 31, 1895) was an American architect of the nineteenth century and an eminent figure in the history of American architecture. He helped shape New York City with his designs for the 1902 entrance fa� ...

in New York from 1859 to 1861, and again in 1865, following his military service. Furness considered himself Hunt's apprentice and was influenced by Hunt's dynamic personality and accomplished, elegant buildings. He was also influenced by the architectural concepts of the French engineer Viollet-le-Duc and the British critic John Ruskin. Unitarian Church at Germantown, Philadelphia, by Newell, R

Unitarian Church at Germantown, Philadelphia, by Newell, R

Furness's first commission, Germantown Unitarian Church (1866–67, demolished ca. 1928), was a solo effort, but in 1867, he formed a partnership with Fraser, his former teacher, and George Hewitt, who had worked in the office of John Notman. The trio lasted less than five years, and its major commissions were Rodef Shalom Synagogue (1868–69, demolished) and the

Lutheran Church of the Holy Communion Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched th ...

(1870–75, demolished). Following Fraser's move to Washington, D.C., to become supervising architect for the U.S. Treasury Department, the two younger men formed a partnership in 1871, and soon won the design competition for the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts (1871–76). Louis Sullivan worked briefly as a draftsman for Furness & Hewitt (June - November 1873), and his later use of organic decorative motifs can be traced, at least in part, to Furness. By the beginning of 1876, Furness had broken with Hewitt, and the firm carried only his name. Hewitt and his brother William formed their own firm, G.W. & W.D. Hewitt, and became Furness's biggest competitor. In 1881, Furness promoted his chief draftsman,

Allen Evans Allen Evans (December 8, 1849 – February 28, 1925) was an American architect and partner in the Philadelphia firm of Furness & Evans. His best known work may be the Merion Cricket Club. Biography He was the son of Dr. Edmund C. Evans (18 ...

, to partner (Furness & Evans); and, in 1886, did the same for four other long-time employees. The firm continued under the name Furness, Evans & Company as late as 1932, two decades after its founder's death.Michael J. Lewis, ''Frank Furness: Architecture and the Violent Mind'' (New York: W.W. Norton & Co., Inc., 2001). Furness was one of the most highly paid architects of his era, and a founder of the Philadelphia Chapter of the

American Institute of Architects The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. Headquartered in Washington, D.C., the AIA offers education, government advocacy, community redevelopment, and public outreach to ...

. Over his 45-year career, he designed more than 600 buildings, including banks, office buildings, churches, and synagogues. Nearly one-third of his commissions came from railroad companies. As chief architect of the Reading Railroad, he designed about 130 stations and industrial buildings. For the

Pennsylvania Railroad The Pennsylvania Railroad (reporting mark PRR), legal name The Pennsylvania Railroad Company also known as the "Pennsy", was an American Class I railroad that was established in 1846 and headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was named ...

, he designed more than 20 structures, including the great Broad Street Station (demolished 1953) at Broad and Market Streets in Philadelphia. His 40 stations for the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad included the ingenious 24th Street Station (demolished 1963) beside the Chestnut Street Bridge. His residential buildings included numerous mansions in Philadelphia and its suburbs, especially the Philadelphia Main Line and commissioned houses at the New Jersey seashore; Newport, Rhode Island;

Bar Harbor, Maine Bar Harbor is a resort town on Mount Desert Island in Hancock County, Maine Maine () is a U.S. state, state in the New England and Northeastern United States, Northeastern regions of the United States. It borders New Hampshire to the wes ...

; Washington, D.C.; New York state; and

Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = List of sovereign states, Count ...

, Illinois. Furness broke from dogmatic adherence to European trends, and juxtaposed styles and elements in a forceful manner. His strong architectural will is seen in the unorthodox way he combined materials: stone, iron, glass, terra cotta, and brick. And his straightforward use of these materials, often in innovative or technologically advanced ways, reflected Philadelphia's industrial-realist culture of the post–Civil War period.

Interior Design and Furniture by Furness

Desk, designed by Frank Furness, 1870-71, Philadelphia Museum of Art

Furness designed custom furniture for a number of his early residences and buildings. One notable commission was the 1870-1871 redesign of the interiors of elder brother Horace Howard Furness's city house, at the southwest corner of 7th & Locust Streets, Philadelphia. Work on HHF's library included elaborate Neo-Grec bookcases, a

reliquary A reliquary (also referred to as a ''shrine'', by the French term ''châsse'', and historically including ''wikt:phylactery, phylacteries'') is a container for relics. A portable reliquary may be called a ''fereter'', and a chapel in which it i ...

for a (supposed) death mask of William Shakespeare, and a Neo-Grec desk, now at the

Philadelphia Museum of Art The Philadelphia Museum of Art (PMoA) is an art museum originally chartered in 1876 for the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia. The main museum building was completed in 1928 on Fairmount, a hill located at the northwest end of the Benjamin Fr ...

. These pieces can be documented by drawings in Furness's sketchbooks and a letter in HHF's papers: ''"These bookcases were placed in position this day—February 18th 1871. They were designed by Capt. Frank Furness, and made by Daniel Pabst …"'' In 1873, Furness designed interiors and furniture for the Manhattan city house of

Theodore Roosevelt, Sr. Theodore Roosevelt Sr. (September 22, 1831 – February 9, 1878) was an American businessman and philanthropist from the Roosevelt family. Roosevelt was also the father of President Theodore Roosevelt and the paternal grandfather of First Lady ...

, father of the future president. Although the house was demolished, Furness/Pabst furniture from it survives at

Sagamore Hill Sagamore Hill was the home of the 26th president of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt, from 1885 until his death in 1919. It is located in Cove Neck, New York, near Oyster Bay on the North Shore of Long Island,Bleyer, Bill.When LI place n ...

, the

Metropolitan Museum of Art The Metropolitan Museum of Art of New York City, colloquially "the Met", is the largest art museum in the Americas. Its permanent collection contains over two million works, divided among 17 curatorial departments. The main building at 100 ...

, and the

High Museum of Art The High Museum of Art (colloquially the High) is the largest museum for visual art in the Southeastern United States. Located in Atlanta, Georgia (on Peachtree Street in Midtown, the city's arts district), the High is 312,000 square feet (2 ...

, in Atlanta. Furness designed bookcases and a suite of table and armchairs for the boardroom of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, along with the lectern for its auditorium. Manufacture of these is attributed to Pabst. A 1875-1876 PAFA boardroom armchair is in the Victoria and Albert Museum, in London.

Military service

During the Civil War, Furness served as captain and commander of Company F, 6th Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry ("Rush's Lancers"). He received the Medal of Honor for his gallantry at the Battle of Trevilian Station.

Medal of Honor citation

Rank and organization: Captain, Company F, 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry. Place and date: At Trevilian Station, Virginia, June 12, 1864. Entered service at: Philadelphia, Pa. Birth:------. Date of issue: October 20, 1899. Citation:

The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Captain (Cavalry) Frank Furness, United States Army, for extraordinary heroism on 12 June 1864, while serving with Company F, 6th Pennsylvania Cavalry, in action at Trevilian Station, Virginia. Captain Furness voluntarily carried a box of ammunition across an open space swept by the enemy's fire to the relief of an outpost whose ammunition had become almost exhausted, but which was thus enabled to hold its important position.Wittenberg, 2000.

Gettysburg monument

Twenty-five years after fighting in the

Battle of Gettysburg The Battle of Gettysburg () was fought July 1–3, 1863, in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, by Union and Confederate forces during the American Civil War. In the battle, Union Major General George Meade's Army of th ...

, he designed the monument to his regiment on South Cavalry Field:

In design it is a simple granite block, as massive as a
dolmen A dolmen () or portal tomb is a type of single-chamber megalithic tomb, usually consisting of two or more upright megaliths supporting a large flat horizontal capstone or "table". Most date from the early Neolithic (40003000 BCE) and were somet ...
, but surrounded by a corona of bronze lances that are models of the original lances. ... '' 'hey are depicted in a resting position, as if waiting to be seized at any instant and brought into battle. The sense of suspended action before the moment of the battle is all the more potent because it is rendered in stone and metal, making it perpetual. Of the hundreds of monuments at Gettysburg, Furness's is among the most haunting.

Personal

Furness married Fanny Fassit in 1866, and they had four children: Radclyffe, Theodore, James, and Annis Lee. His brother-in-law, James Wilson Fassitt Jr. (1850–1892), became an architect in Furness's firm, and was promoted to partner in 1886. Frank Furness died on June 27, 1912, at " Idlewild," his summer house outside Media, and was buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery,

Rediscovery

Following decades of neglect, during which many of Furness's most important buildings were demolished, there was a revival of interest in his work in the mid-20th century. The critic Lewis Mumford, tracing the creative forces that had influenced Louis Sullivan and

Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years. Wright played a key role in the architectural movements o ...

, wrote in ''The Brown Decades'' (1931): "Frank Furness was the designer of a bold, unabashed, ugly, and yet somehow healthily pregnant architecture." The architectural historian Henry-Russell Hitchcock, in his comprehensive survey ''Architecture: Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries'' (revised 1963), saw beauty in that ugliness: Architect and critic Robert Venturi in ''Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture'' (1966) wrote, not unadmiringly, of the National Bank of the Republic (later the Philadelphia Clearing House):

The city street facade can provide a type of juxtaposed contradiction that is essentially two-dimensional. Frank Furness' Clearing House, now demolished like many of his best works in Philadelphia, contained an array of violent pressures within a rigid frame. The half-segmental arch, blocked by the submerged tower which, in turn, bisects the facade into a near duality, and the violent adjacencies of rectangles, squares, lunettes, and diagonals of contrasting sizes, compose a building seemingly held up by the buildings next door: it is an almost insane short story of a castle on a city street.

On the occasion of its centennial in 1969, the Philadelphia Chapter of the

memorialized Furness as its 'great architect of the past':

For designing original and bold buildings free of the prevalent Victorian academicism and imitation, buildings of such vigor that the flood of classical traditionalism could not overwhelm them, or him, or his clients ... For shaping iron and concrete with a sensitive understanding of their particular characteristics that was unique for his time ... For his significance as innovator-architect along with his contemporaries
John Root John Wellborn Root (January 10, 1850 – January 15, 1891) was an American architect who was based in Chicago with Daniel Burnham. He was one of the founders of the Chicago School style. Two of his buildings have been designated a National H ...
, Louis Sullivan and
Frank Lloyd Wright Frank Lloyd Wright (June 8, 1867 – April 9, 1959) was an American architect, designer, writer, and educator. He designed more than 1,000 structures over a creative period of 70 years. Wright played a key role in the architectural movements o ...
... For his masterworks, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the Provident Trust Company, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Station, and the
University of Pennsylvania Library The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn or UPenn) is a Private university, private research university in Philadelphia. It is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is ranked among the highest- ...
(now renamed the Furness Building) ... For his outstanding abilities as draftsman, teacher and inventor ... For being a founder of the Philadelphia Chapter and of the John Stewardson Memorial Scholarship in Architecture ... And above all, for creating architecture of imagination, decisive self-reliance, courage, and often great beauty, an architecture which to our eyes and spirits still expresses the unusual personal character, spirit and courage for which he was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for bravery on a Civil War battlefield.

File:ProvidentTrust.jpg,

Provident Life & Trust Company The Provident Life & Trust Company is a demolished Victorian-era building in Philadelphia designed by architect Frank Furness and considered to be one of the famed architect's greatest works. A bank and insurance company founded in 1865 by members ...

, Philadelphia (1879, demolished 1959–60). File:Furness National Bank of the Republic.jpg, National Bank of the Republic (later Philadelphia Clearing House), Philadelphia (1883–84, demolished). File:B&OPassengerStationPhiladelphia.jpg, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Station, Philadelphia (1886–88, demolished 1963).

Legacy

Furness designed custom interiors and furniture in collaboration with Philadelphia cabinetmaker Daniel Pabst. Examples are in the collections of the

; the University of Pennsylvania; the

in Atlanta, Georgia; the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, and elsewhere.

Mark-Lee Kirk Charles Mark-Lee Kirk (May 16, 1895 – December 10, 1969) was an American art director. He was nominated for three Academy Awards in the category of Best Art Direction. He worked on 52 films between 1936 and 1959. Selected filmography Kirk ...

's set designs for the 1942 Orson Welles film ''

The Magnificent Ambersons ''The Magnificent Ambersons'' is a 1918 novel by Booth Tarkington, the second in his ''Growth'' trilogy after ''The Turmoil'' (1915) and before ''The Midlander'' (1923, retitled ''National Avenue'' in 1927). It won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction ...

'' seem to be based on Furness's ornate Neo-Grec interiors of the 1870s. A fictional desk designed by Furness is featured in the John Bellairs novel ''The Mansion in the Mist''. Furness's independence and modernist Victorian-Gothic style inspired 20th-century architects Louis Kahn and Robert Venturi. Living in Philadelphia and teaching at the University of Pennsylvania, they often visited Furness's Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts — built for the 1876 Centennial — and his

University of Pennsylvania Library The University of Pennsylvania (also known as Penn or UPenn) is a Private university, private research university in Philadelphia. It is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and is ranked among the highest- ...

. In 1973, the

mounted the first retrospective of Furness's work, curated by

James F. O'Gorman Dr. James F. O'Gorman (born 1933) is a leading American architectural historian, author, lecturer, editor, and consultant who taught for many years at Wellesley College. O'Gorman received a B.Arch. degree from the School of Architecture at Washi ...

, George E. Thomas and Hyman Myers. Thomas, Jeffrey A. Cohen and Michael J. Lewis authored ''Frank Furness: The Complete Works'' (1991, revised 1996), with an introduction by Robert Venturi. Lewis wrote the first biography: ''Frank Furness: Architecture and the Violent Mind'' (2001). The 2012 centenary of Furness's death was observed with exhibitions at the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the University of Pennsylvania, Drexel University, the Library Company of Philadelphia, the Athenaeum of Philadelphia, the Delaware Historical Society, the First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia, and elsewhere. On September 14, a Pennsylvania state historical marker was dedicated in front of Furness's boyhood home at 1426 Pine Street, Philadelphia (now Peirce College Alumni Hall). Opposite the marker is Furness's 1874-75 dormitory addition to the Pennsylvania Institute for the Deaf and Dumb, now the Furness Residence Hall of the University of the Arts.

Selected architectural works

Philadelphia buildings

*Northern Savings Fund Society Building, 1871–72, with George Hewitt. * Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, Broad & Cherry Streets, 1871–76, with George Hewitt. *Parish House, Church of St. Luke and the Epiphany, 330 South 13th Street, c. 1875, with George Hewitt. * Thomas Hockley House, 21st & St. James Streets, 1875. *Gatehouses,

Philadelphia Zoological Gardens The Philadelphia Zoo, located in the Centennial District of Philadelphia on the west bank of the Schuylkill River, is the first true zoo in the United States. It was chartered by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on March 21, 1859, but its openin ...

, 1875–76. * Centennial National Bank, 33rd & Market Streets, 1876. Now Paul Peck Alumni Center,

Drexel University Drexel University is a private research university with its main campus in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Drexel's undergraduate school was founded in 1891 by Anthony J. Drexel, a financier and philanthropist. Founded as Drexel Institute of Art, S ...

. *Kensington National Bank, Girard & Frankford Aves., 1877 (Now a branch of Wells Fargo). * St. Stephen's Episcopal Church transept and vestry room, 19 S 10th Street, 1879. * Knowlton (William H. Rhawn mansion), Rhawn Street & Verree Road, 1881. * Gravers Lane Station, 200 E Gravers Lane, Chestnut Hill, 1882. Philadelphia & Reading Company *

Mount Airy Station Mount Airy station is a SEPTA Regional Rail station at 119 East Gowen Avenue between Devon and Sprague Streets, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The station building is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and was built in 1875 with Frank ...

, E Gowen Ave & Devon St, Mount Airy, 1882. Philadelphia & Reading Company * Undine Barge Club, #13 Boathouse Row, 1882–83. *

, 2125 Chestnut Street, 1885. *

, 34th Street, 1891. Now the Anne and Jerome Fisher Fine Arts Library. *Mortuary Chapel, Mount Sinai Cemetery (Frankford), 1891–92. * Horace Jayne House, 19th & Delancey Streets, 1895. *Girard Trust Bank, Broad & Chestnut Streets, 1907 (now The Ritz-Carlton Philadelphia) constructed for the Girard Trust Company. *Henry's home, sole surviving building of the demolished Thomas and H. Pratt McKean townhouses, 1923 Walnut St., 1869. * Undine Barge Club, Boathouse Row, Philadelphia, 1882. * Wayne Junction station, 4481 Wayne Avenue.

Demolished Philadelphia buildings

*Germantown Unitarian Church, 1866-67 *Rodef Shalom Synagogue, 1868–69. *Thomas and H. Pratt McKean townhouses, 1923-25 Walnut St., 1869, demolished 1897 and 1920s. *Lutheran Church of the Holy Communion, 1870–75. *Guarantee Trust and Safe Deposit Company, 1875. *Brazilian Section, Main Exhibition Building, Centennial Exposition (1876). *Church of the Redeemer for Seamen and their Families, 1878. *

, 1879. *Library Company of Philadelphia Building, 1879–80. *

Reliance Insurance Company Reliance Insurance Company, now officially known as Reliance Insurance Company n Liquidation was founded in Philadelphia in 1817 and has undergone numerous corporate makeovers in the intervening years. As of October 3, 2001, the company has bee ...

Building, 1881–82. *National Bank of the Republic (later Philadelphia Clearing House), 1883–84. * Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Station (24th Street Station), 1886–88. *The Cottage at the Institute of the Pennsylvania Hospital, c 1888 *Franklin Sugar Refinery, 125 S 12th Street, c. 1895. *

Alexander J. Cassatt Alexander Johnston Cassatt (December 8, 1839 – December 28, 1906) was the seventh president of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), serving from June 9, 1899, to December 28, 1906. Family and early life Alexander Cassatt was born on December 8, ...

townhouse, 202 West Rittenhouse Square, c. 1888. * Broad Street Station,

, 1892–93. *Arcade Building and pedestrian bridge to Broad Street Station, 1901–02.

Buildings elsewhere

Railroad Stations

* Wallingford Station, Wallingford, Pennsylvania, c. 1880. * Manheim Station,

Manheim, Pennsylvania Manheim is a borough in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. The population was 5,064 at the 2020 census. The borough was named after Kerpen- Manheim, Germany. History Manheim was laid out by Henry William Stiegel in 1762 on a land ...

, 1881, Philadelphia & Reading Company. *East Strasburg Station, Petersburg, Pennsylvania, 1882, Philadelphia & Reading Company, moved to

Strasburg Railroad The Strasburg Rail Road is a heritage railroad and the oldest continuously operating standard-gauge railroad in the western hemisphere, as well as the oldest public utility in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Chartered in 1832, the Strasburg Rai ...

. *Sunbury Station, Sunbury, Pennsylvania, 1883, Philadelphia & Reading Company. * Aberdeen Station, Aberdeen, Maryland, 1885, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. * B&O Station, Pittsburgh,

Pittsburgh Pittsburgh ( ) is a city in the Commonwealth (U.S. state), Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States, and the county seat of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, Allegheny County. It is the most populous city in both Allegheny County and Wester ...

, Pennsylvania, 1887, demolished 1955, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. * Lansdowne Station, Lansdowne, Pennsylvania, 1901,

. *Edgewood Station, Edgewood, Pennsylvania, 1903,

. *Sherwood Station, Riderwood, Maryland, 1905, Northern Central Railway.

=Wilmington, Delaware

= Three buildings in Wilmington, Delaware, reputed to be the largest grouping of Furness-designed railroad buildings, form the Frank Furness Railroad District. * Water Street Station, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, ca. 1887. *

Building, 1905. *

French Street Station French Street is a streetcar station in Charlotte, North Carolina. The at-grade island platform on Beatties Ford Road is the western terminus of the CityLynx Gold Line and serves the Biddleville neighborhood. Location French Street statio ...

(Wilmington Station),

(now

Amtrak The National Railroad Passenger Corporation, doing business as Amtrak () , is the national passenger railroad company of the United States. It operates inter-city rail service in 46 of the 48 contiguous U.S. States and nine cities in Canada ...

), 1908.

Residences

*Grubb Cottage (E. Burd Grubb Estate), Burlington, New Jersey, 1872 *Lindenshade ( Horace Howard Furness house), Wallingford, Pennsylvania, 1873 (demolished 1940). *Fairholme (

Fairman Rogers Fairman Rogers (November 15, 1833 – August 22, 1900) was an American civil engineer, educator, and philanthropist. Early life Fairman Rogers was born in Philadelphia on November 15, 1833. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 18 ...

mansion), Newport, Rhode Island, 1874–1875. Its carriage house is now Jean and David W. Wallace Hall, Salve Regina University. *George Fryer cottage, Cape May, New Jersey, 1871–72; rebuilt after fire, 1878–79. * Emlen Physick house, Cape May, New Jersey, 1879. * Fairview, near

Delaware City, Delaware Delaware City is a city in New Castle County, Delaware, United States. The population was 1,695 at the 2010 census. It is a small port town on the eastern terminus of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal and is the location of the Forts Ferry Cros ...

(1880 alterations). Furness added a third story and rear wing to an 1822 farmhouse. * Dolobran ( Clement A. Griscom mansion), Haverford, Pennsylvania, 1881, circa-1888, 1894. * Lotta Crabtree Cottage, Mount Arlington, New Jersey, 1885–86. * Idlewild (Frank Furness house), Idlewild Lane, Media, Pennsylvania (c. 1888). *Ragged Edge (Col. Moorhead Kennedy house), Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, 1900–1901.

Schools

Williamson College of the Trades Williamson College of the Trades (formerly Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades) is a private men's junior vocational college in Middletown Township, near Media, Pennsylvania. The school was founded on December 1, 1888, by Philadelphia m ...

(formerly ''Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades''), Elwyn, Pennsylvania, original campus buildings, completed in 1889–90. * The Baldwin School (built as the second Bryn Mawr Hotel),

Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania Bryn Mawr, pronounced , from Welsh for big hill, is a census-designated place (CDP) located across three townships: Radnor Township and Haverford Township in Delaware County, and Lower Merion Township in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. I ...

, 1890. *Recitation Hall, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 1891. * Haverford School, Haverford, Pennsylvania, 1902.

Churches

*All Hallows Church, Wyncote, Pennsylvania, 1897. *Church of Our Father, Hull's Cove,

Mount Desert Island, Maine Mount Desert Island (MDI; french: Île des Monts Déserts) in Hancock County, Maine, is the largest island off the coast of Maine. With an area of it is the 52nd-largest island in the United States, the sixth-largest island in the contiguous ...

, 1890–91. * St. Michael's Protestant Episcopal Church, Birdsboro, Pennsylvania, 1884–85.

Other

*New Castle Public Library, New Castle, Delaware, 1892 (now Old Library Museum, New Castle Historical Society). *Sixth Pennsylvania Cavalry (Rush's Lancers) Monument, Gettysburg Battlefield, Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, 1888. * Merion Cricket Club, Haverford, Pennsylvania (

, Furness's partner, is credited with the design), 1896–97.Merion Cricket Club
at the Historic American Buildings Survey.

Gallery

File:22nd & Walnut, from Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views.jpg, Thomas and H. Pratt McKean Townhouses, 1923-25 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1869, demolished 1897 and 1920s). File:Lindenshade.jpg, Lindenshade ( Horace Howard Furness house), Wallingford, Pennsylvania (c. 1873, demolished 1940). A country house built for the architect's brother, it was later greatly expanded. File:HockleyHouse.jpg, Thomas Hockley house, 235 S. 21st St., Philadelphia (1875), Furness & Hewitt. File:Philadelphia Zoo entrance, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA-27June2010.jpg, Gatehouses, Philadelphia Zoo,

Fairmount Park Fairmount Park is the largest municipal park in Philadelphia and the historic name for a group of parks located throughout the city. Fairmount Park consists of two park sections named East Park and West Park, divided by the Schuylkill River, with ...

, Philadelphia (1875–76, altered), Furness & Hewitt. File:WTP A03 dthomsen8 1.jpg, Centennial National Bank, Philadelphia (1876), now Paul Peck Alumni Center, Drexel University. File:Brazilian section, Main building, from Robert N. Dennis collection of stereoscopic views 2.jpg, Brazilian Section, Main Exhibition Building, Centennial Exposition, Philadelphia (1876). File:Cooks Villa 2 CMHD.JPG, J. F. Fryer cottage, Cape May, New Jersey (1878–79). The pierced-tile inserts in the railings are believed to have come from the Japanese Pavilion at the 1876 Centennial Exposition. File:Wallingford Station.JPG, Wallingford Station, Wallingford, Pennsylvania (c. 1880). Horace Howard Furness's country house, Lindenshade, stood on the hill behind the station. File:Knowlton.JPG, Knowlton (William H. Rhawn mansion), Northeast Philadelphia (1881). File:Dolobran Montco PA 03.JPG, Dolobran ( Clement A. Griscom mansion), Haverford, Pennsylvania (1881, circa 1888, 1894). File:RelianceInsurance.jpg, Reliance Insurance Company of Philadelphia (1881–82, demolished 1960). File:Undine2010.jpg, Undine Barge Club,
#13 Boathouse Row, Philadelphia (1882–83). File:First Unitarian Church of Philadelphia, 2125 Walnut Street.jpg,

(1886). File:B&OStationFromEast.jpg, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Station, Philadelphia (1886–88, demolished 1963), looking west from 24th Street. File:B&OWaitingroomStair.jpg, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Station, Philadelphia (1886–88, demolished 1963), stairs from Lower Waiting Room. File:BO1911.JPG, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Station, Pittsburgh (1887, demolished 1955). File:Furness Idlewild.JPG, Idlewild, Media, Pennsylvania (1888). Furness's own country house is reminiscent of his

. File:CassattHouse.jpg,

townhouse, 202 West Rittenhouse Square, Philadelphia (altered by Furness c. 1888, demolished 1972). File:Jayne House Philly.JPG, Horace Jayne House, 19th & Delancey Sts., Philadelphia (1895). The grandest of his surviving city houses, Mrs. Jayne was Furness's niece

Caroline Caroline may refer to: People * Caroline (given name), a feminine given name * J. C. Caroline (born 1933), American college and National Football League player * Jordan Caroline (born 1996), American (men's) basketball player Places Antarctica * ...

. File:MerionCricket.jpg, Merion Cricket Club, Haverford, Pennsylvania (1896–97). Allen Evans was a founding member of the club, and probably designed all its buildings. File:ArcadeBuilding.jpg, Arcade Building and pedestrian bridge to Broad Street Station, Philadelphia (1901–02, demolished 1969). File:GirardTrust.jpg, Girard Trust Company Building, Philadelphia (1907), (now The Ritz-Carlton Philadelphia). The concept for the bank was Furness's, but it was designed by Allen Evans and the New York firm of McKim, Mead and White. File:Williamson Free Trade School.JPG,

Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades Williamson College of the Trades (formerly Williamson Free School of Mechanical Trades) is a private men's junior vocational college in Middletown Township, near Media, Pennsylvania. The school was founded on December 1, 1888, by Philadelphia m ...

campus (1890), (Rowan Hall shown) Middletown Township, Pennsylvania. File:Graver Lane SEPTA.JPG, Graver's Lane Station, Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, Philadelphia (1882).

Notes

References

Sources

*Lewis, Michael J., ''Frank Furness: Architecture and the Violent Mind'', 2001. *O'Gorman, James F., et al., ''The Architecture of Frank Furness''. Philadelphia Museum of Art; 1973. *Thayer, Preston, ''The Railroad Designs of Frank Furness: Architecture and Corporate Imagery in the Late Nineteenth Century'', University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Ph.D. dissertation), 1993. *Thomas, George E., Jeffrey A. Cohen & Michael J. Lewis, ''Frank Furness: The Complete Works''. Princeton Architectural Press, revised edition 1996. *Venturi, Robert, ''Complexity and Contradiction in Architecture''. The Museum of Modern Art; 1966. *

External links

Project List - Furness, Evans & Co.
at Philadelphia Architects and Buildings
Project List - Frank Furness
at Philadelphia Architects and Buildings {{DEFAULTSORT:Furness, Frank 1839 births 1912 deaths 19th-century American architects American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor Architects from Philadelphia Baltimore and Ohio Railroad people Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia) Defunct architecture firms based in Pennsylvania Fellows of the American Institute of Architects Furness family Pennsylvania Railroad people People from Delaware County, Pennsylvania People of Pennsylvania in the American Civil War American railway architects Union Army soldiers United States Army Medal of Honor recipients