Francisco do Monte Alverne (August 9, 1784 – December 2, 1858) was a Brazilian

Franciscan The Franciscans are a group of related Mendicant orders, mendicant Christianity, Christian Catholic religious order, religious orders within the Catholic Church. Founded in 1209 by Italian Catholic friar Francis of Assisi, these orders include t ...

friar A friar is a member of one of the mendicant orders founded in the twelfth or thirteenth century; the term distinguishes the mendicants' itinerant apostolic character, exercised broadly under the jurisdiction of a superior general, from the ol ...

, and the official preacher of the

Empire of Brazil The Empire of Brazil was a 19th-century state that broadly comprised the territories which form modern Brazil and (until 1828) Uruguay. Its government was a representative parliamentary constitutional monarchy under the rule of Emperors Dom Pe ...

. He is the correspondent patron of the 14th chair of the

Brazilian Academy of Letters The Academia Brasileira de Letras (ABL) ( English: ''Brazilian Academy of Letters'') is a Brazilian literature, literary non-profit society established at the end of the 19th century. The first president, Machado de Assis, declared its found ...

Life

Monte Alverne was born Francisco José de Carvalho in 1784, to João Antônio da Silva and Ana Francisca da Conceição. In 1802, he entered a Franciscan monastery, where he studied alongside 11

Brazilians Brazilians ( pt, Brasileiros, ) are the citizens of Brazil. A Brazilian can also be a person born abroad to a Brazilian parent or legal guardian as well as a person who acquired Brazilian citizenship. Brazil is a multiethnic society, which me ...

and 11 Portuguese people. In 1808, he became a presbyter, and was given the surname Monte Alverne, in a reference to the mount La Verna, where

Saint Francis of Assisi Giovanni di Pietro di Bernardone, better known as Saint Francis of Assisi ( it, Francesco d'Assisi; – 3 October 1226), was a Mysticism, mystic Italian Catholic Church, Catholic friar, founder of the Franciscans, and one of the most vener ...

received the stigmatas. Later he became an itinerant preacher and Philosophy teacher. Moving to

Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro ( , , ; literally 'River of January'), or simply Rio, is the capital of the state of the same name, Brazil's third-most populous state, and the second-most populous city in Brazil, after São Paulo. Listed by the GaWC as a b ...

in 1816, he was proclaimed the royal preacher. He performed the funeral oration of Empress Consort Maria Leopoldina in 1826. From 1836, Monte Alverne started to show signs of blindness. He moved to a friend's house in

Niterói Niterói (, ) is a Municipalities of Brazil, municipality of the state of Rio de Janeiro (state), Rio de Janeiro in the Southeast Region, Brazil, southeast region of Brazil. It lies across Guanabara Bay facing the city of Rio de Janeiro and forms ...

, where he died in 1858. The Brazilian poet

Gonçalves de Magalhães Gonçalves (; Portuguese for "son of Gonçalo") is a Portuguese surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Adílio de Oliveira Gonçalves (born 1956), Brazilian footballer * Ailton Goncalves da Silva (born 1973), Brazilian footballer * ...

, famous for introducing

Romanticism Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic, literary, musical, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century, and in most areas was at its peak in the approximate ...

in the Brazilian literature, considers Monte Alverne a forerunner of this movement.

Works

* ''Obras Oratórias'' (

1833 Events January–March * January 3 – Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands (1833), Reassertion of British sovereignty over the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. * February 6 – His Royal Highness Prince Otto ...

– in 4 volumes) * ''Compêndio de Filosofia'' (

1859 Events January–March * January 21 – José Mariano Salas (1797–1867) becomes Conservative interim President of Mexico. * January 24 ( O. S.) – Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexandru Ioan Cuza (Romania since 1866, final u ...

– posthumous), in which he defends the

Eclecticism Eclecticism is a conceptual approach that does not hold rigidly to a single paradigm or set of assumptions, but instead draws upon multiple theories, styles, or ideas to gain complementary insights into a subject, or applies different theories in ...

and the ideals of

John Locke John Locke (; 29 August 1632 – 28 October 1704) was an English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "father of liberalism ...

and

Étienne Bonnot de Condillac Étienne Bonnot de Condillac (; ; 30 September 17142 August or 3 August 1780) was a French philosopher and epistemologist, who studied in such areas as psychology and the philosophy of the mind. Biography He was born at Grenoble into a legal fam ...

, and fights against the Thomism and the

Scholasticism Scholasticism was a medieval school of philosophy that employed a critical organic method of philosophical analysis predicated upon the Aristotelian 10 Categories. Christian scholasticism emerged within the monastic schools that translate ...

External links

1784 births 1858 deaths Brazilian male writers 19th-century Brazilian Roman Catholic priests Brazilian philosophers Writers from Rio de Janeiro (city) Brazilian people of Portuguese descent Patrons of the Brazilian Academy of Letters {{brazil-philosopher-stub