Frances Nimmo Greene (April 5, 1867 – December 9, 1937) was an American educator and author of novels, children's literature, and plays.
[ ] She was the author of: ''King Arthur and his court'', 1901, stories of chivalry for children; ''With spurs of gold'', 1905, stories of chivalry for children written in collaboration with Dolly Kirk; ''My country's voice'', 1917, for juveniles; ''America first'', 1917, for juveniles; ''American ideals''; a series of patriotic readers for children; a group of one act plays; and the following novels, ''Into the night'', 1909; ''
The Right of the Strongest'', 1913; ''One clear call'', 1914; and ''The devil to pay'', 1917.
Three of her novels were adapted into films, ''
The Devil to Pay'' (1920), ''
One Clear Call'' (1922), and ''
The Right of the Strongest'' (1924).
[ ] She also wrote more than 50 short stories which were published in newspapers and magazines of national repute.
[ ] In addition, Greene organized the library division of the Alabama State Department of Archives and History.
[ ]
Early life and education
Frances Nimmo Greene was born in
Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Tuscaloosa ( ) is a city in and the seat of Tuscaloosa County in west-central Alabama, United States, on the Black Warrior River where the Gulf Coastal and Piedmont plains meet. Alabama's fifth-largest city, it had an estimated population of 1 ...
, April 5, 1867.
Known to the public as "Dixie",
she was raised in a historic
plantation house
A plantation house is the main house of a plantation, often a substantial farmhouse, which often serves as a symbol for the plantation as a whole. Plantation houses in the Southern United States and in other areas are known as quite grand and e ...
, later known as the
Jemison School building.
Her father, Thomas Finley Greene (1829–1905), was a clergyman, and her mother was Virginia F. Owen (1828–1905); they married in 1854.
[ ] She was descended through her father from an old
South Carolina
)''Animis opibusque parati'' ( for, , Latin, Prepared in mind and resources, links=no)
, anthem = " Carolina";" South Carolina On My Mind"
, Former = Province of South Carolina
, seat = Columbia
, LargestCity = Charleston
, LargestMetro = ...
family, and through her mother from
Virginia
Virginia, officially the Commonwealth of Virginia, is a state in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern regions of the United States, between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains. The geography and climate of the Commonwealth ar ...
ancestry. Her mother's family had literary tastes for several generations.
Greene had five older siblings: Annie (1855–1923), John (1857–1859), Kate (1859–1870), Robert (1862–1926), and Mary (1865–1918).
The Greenes were a "literary" family from their nursery days. The siblings scribbled as children, and all, more or less, continued to write in later years, but Frances showed from the first her talent. She read widely, and she inherited from her mother a passionate love for Virginia and its history-a love that evolved significantly in her work.
Greene was educated at home by her mother and at the Tuscaloosa Female College,
which she attended two years,
[ ] leaving school at age of 16.
She removed to Birmingham with her parents after leaving school.
Career
Teacher and librarian
From Birmingham, Greene went with the family to
Montgomery, Alabama
Montgomery is the capital city of the U.S. state of Alabama and the county seat of Montgomery County. Named for the Irish soldier Richard Montgomery, it stands beside the Alabama River, on the coastal Plain of the Gulf of Mexico. In the 202 ...
, where she taught almost immediately after her school days.
While teaching in a mining town in north
Alabama
(We dare defend our rights)
, anthem = "Alabama (state song), Alabama"
, image_map = Alabama in United States.svg
, seat = Montgomery, Alabama, Montgomery
, LargestCity = Huntsville, Alabama, Huntsville
, LargestCounty = Baldwin County, Al ...
, she conceived the idea of writing sketches for publication. Her first attempt, "Yankees in Dixie," was promptly accepted by the ''
Philadelphia Times
''The Times'' was a daily newspaper published from March 13, 1875, to August 11, 1902, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
The paper was founded by Alexander McClure and Frank McLaughlin as an independent voice against party machine politics and corrup ...
''.
Her talent was recognized from the beginning by editors, and their encouragement stimulated her desire to write. She contributed to that paper many letters on
southern affairs. She also wrote for the
Birmingham
Birmingham ( ) is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England. It is the second-largest city in the United Kingdom with a population of 1.145 million in the city proper, 2.92 million in the West ...
''Age-Herald'' and other southern papers. Besides writing in prose, she sometimes wrote verse.
She taught for years, principally in Montgomery public schools.
[ ] In 1906, while serving as principal of the Capitol Hill School, in Montgomery, Greene was named as temporary secretary of the Alabama State Department of Archives and History.
[ ]
In 1907, she resigned as a teacher to become Assistant in charge of Library Extension, Department of Archives and History, in Montgomery,
a position she held for one year.
During that time, her enthusiastic spirit and vigorous personality roused a very necessary interest in the library conditions of the state. In recognition of her ability, she was elected secretary of the
Alabama Library Association.
During 1911-12, she edited the woman's page of ''
The Birmingham News
''The Birmingham News'' is the principal newspaper for Birmingham, Alabama, United States. The paper is owned by Advance Publications and was a daily newspaper from its founding through September 30, 2012. After that day, the ''News'' and its two ...
'', and the following year, became director of the
Birmingham Public Library
The Birmingham Public Library, one of the largest library systems in the southeastern United States, consists of 19 branches and a main or central library located in downtown Birmingham, Alabama. The main library is composed of two buildings, th ...
.
Author
She returned to Montgomery in 1913, and thereafter devoted her entire time to writing.
Greene's first novel, ''Into the Night'', published by the Crowells, was a story of modern
, dealing with a
Mafia
"Mafia" is an informal term that is used to describe criminal organizations that bear a strong similarity to the original “Mafia”, the Sicilian Mafia and Italian Mafia. The central activity of such an organization would be the arbitration of d ...
mystery. It was her first sustained piece of fiction, and its success was immediate and flattering. Other novels, ''The Right of the Strongest'', ''One Clear Call'', ''The Devil to Pay'', followed in quick succession, all published by Scribner's. All her fiction was popular. The field of the novel, limitless as it is, never engaged Greene's entire interest. It was only one phase of her literary expression. She also wrote books for young people" ''King Arthur's Court'', and ''With Spurs of Gold''.
Versatile as she was -novelist, playwright, journalist, poet- the phase of her work in literature that stood out pre-eminently was that of her books for children. In these books, her determination to develop a higher national consciousness in the mind of the child becomes clear. This vision was intensified by the years of the
Civil War
A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).
The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies ...
, as the titles of other published books showed: ''My Country's Voice'', ''America First'', and ''American Ideals''.
She was already most favorably known in the field of children's literature by ''King Arthur's Court'', a book which was favorably received as soon as it was published, and which held its place with honor for more than a decade. Through this book, thousands of children became familiar with the Arthurian legends. The popularity of this book was so great that Greene and her cousin, Dolly Williams Kirk, whose poems had magazine publication, brought out in collaboration, a volume of stories of chivalry, ''With Spurs of Gold''. This book received high praise from readers, and was used in college courses.
Viewed as a synthetic whole, and taken in conjunction with her earlier books on chivalry, the scope of her series of readers, ''American Ideals'', was of an educative value beyond anything ever done before in this line. This series, published by Scribner's, contained in the 'Colonial' volume, a chapter, "Virginia and the Ideal of Civil Liberty", which presented Virginia's place in history.
Later, she was engaged in collaborating with her sister, Mrs. Annie Greene Brown, on a volume of short stories.
Some of Greene's novels were adapted into films.
Months of negotiation were required before
Louis B. Mayer
Louis Burt Mayer (; born Lazar Meir; July 12, 1882 or 1884 or 1885 – October 29, 1957) was a Canadian-American film producer and co-founder of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios (MGM) in 1924. Under Mayer's management, MGM became the film industr ...
obtained the film rights to the Greene book, ''One Clear Call'', as arrangements had already been made for its production on the theater stage. A record price secured the dramatic rights to the book for the screen, which was adapted to the screen by
Bess Meredyth
Bess Meredyth (born Helen Elizabeth MacGlashen, February 12, 1890 – July 13, 1969) was a screenwriter and silent film actress. The wife of film director Michael Curtiz, Meredyth wrote ''The Affairs of Cellini'' (1934) and adapted ''The Unsuspec ...
, and was released in 1922
[ ][ ]
''The Right of the Strongest'' was adapted to the screen by
Doty Hobart
Doty may refer to:
Places in the United States
* Doty, Michigan
* Doty, Nebraska
*Doty, Washington
* Doty, Wisconsin
* Doty County, Minnesota, a former name of St. Louis County
*Doty Island
Doty Island is an island in Winnebago County, Wisconsi ...
, and released in 1924. It is a drama of the Alabama
hillbillies
Hillbilly is a term (often derogatory
A pejorative or slur is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative or a disrespectful connotation, a low opinion, or a lack of respect toward someone or something. It is also used to express critici ...
and their struggle to retain their rights as
squatters
Squatting is the action of occupying an abandoned or unoccupied area of land or a building, usually residential, that the squatter does not own, rent or otherwise have lawful permission to use. The United Nations estimated in 2003 that there ...
.
[ ]
In 1927, Greene was teaching short story writing in Birmingham.
[ ] ''All Night Long'' (1929), a comedy in three acts, was accepted by the Walter Baker Company in 1929.
In 1937, she co-authored ''The Last Enemy'', a three-act play, with Robert H. Greene.
Personal life
In politics, she was a Democrat, and in religion, an Episcopalian.
She was reared by Methodist parents in the
Methodist church
Methodism, also called the Methodist movement, is a group of historically related Christian denomination, denominations of Protestantism, Protestant Christianity whose origins, doctrine and practice derive from the life and teachings of John W ...
, but in Birmingham, she joined the
Protestant Episcopal church
The Episcopal Church, based in the United States with additional dioceses elsewhere, is a member church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. It is a mainline Protestant denomination and is divided into nine Ecclesiastical provinces and dioces ...
.
[ ] In 1922, Greene made an unsuccessful run for a seat on the Alabama State Democratic Executive Committee.
She delivered an address on behalf of the
Democratic ticket in 1928.
Unmarried,
Greene divided her time between
New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
and her brother's home in Montgomery.
Frances Nimmo Greene died in Birmingham, Alabama, December 9, 1937.
Selected publications
Children's literature
* ''Legends of King Arthur and His Court'' (Ginn and Co., Boston, 1901)
text
* ''With spurs of gold; heroes of chivalry and their deeds'' (with Dolly Williams Kirk; Little, Brown and Co., Boston, 1905)
text
* ''Heroes of Chivalry and Their Deeds'' (with Dolly Williams Kirk; 1910)
text
* ''America First'' (Scribner's, New York, 1918)
text
* ''My Country's Voice'' (Scribner's, New York, 1918)
text
* ''American Ideals: A Series of Readers for Schools'' (Scribner's, New York, 1920-1922)
text, book 5text, book 6
Short stories
* "Yankees in Dixie" (no later than 1893)
Novels
* ''Into the night, a story of New Orleans'' (Scribner's, New York, 1909)
text
* ''
The Right of the Strongest'' (Scribner's, New York, 1913)
text
* ''One Clear Call'' (Scribner's, New York, 1914)
text
* ''The devil to pay'' (Scribner's, New York, 1917)
text
Plays
* ''The Ultimate American: A Comedy'' (1913)
* ''Speaking of Adam: A Comedy in Three Acts'' (1915)
* ''All Night Long'' (1929)
* ''The Last Enemy'' (with Robert H. Greene; 1937)
Filmography
Films based on Greene's novels:
* ''
The Devil to Pay'' (1920)
[Workman, Christopher; Howarth, Troy (2016). "Tome of Terror: Horror Films of the Silent Era". Midnight Marquee Press. p. 214. ]
* ''
One Clear Call'' (1922)
* ''
The Right of the Strongest'' (1924)
Notes
References
Further reading
* Rockett, Anita, (1926), ''An Appreciation of the Literary Work of Frances Nimmo Greene'' (1926)
External links
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Greene, Frances Nimmo
1867 births
1937 deaths
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American women writers
People from Tuscaloosa, Alabama
Writers from Alabama
Educators from Alabama
American children's writers
American women novelists
American women children's writers
American women dramatists and playwrights
Wikipedia articles incorporating text from A Woman of the Century