Fort Vredenburgh was a Dutch fort on the

Gold Coast Gold Coast may refer to: Places Africa * Gold Coast (region), in West Africa, which was made up of the following colonies, before being established as the independent nation of Ghana: ** Portuguese Gold Coast (Portuguese, 1482–1642) ** Dutch G ...

, established on the left bank of the Komenda River (Dutch Komenda). The fort exists as preserved ruins. Because of its testimony to European economic and colonial influence in West Africa, the fort was inscribed on the

UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...

World Heritage List A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for ...

in 1979, along with other nearby forts and castles.

History

Fort Vredenburgh was built in 1682 on the left bank of the Komenda River (Dutch Komenda). At the same site, a trading post was established by the Dutch around 1600, but abandoned soon afterwards. Since halfway through the 17th century, the state of Komenda (a part of the Kingdom of Eguafo), was a site of fierce competition between the English, Dutch, Danish, Brandenburgish and French traders. This competition between European powers was compounded by competition between African states in the region, which concluded changing alliances with the various European powers. The Dutch had intermittently operated a lodge at Komenda, which they extended into a fort in 1682. Still, they could not prevent Jean-Baptiste du Casse from establishing a French trade post at Komenda in 1687. Du Casse established friendly relations with the powerful local trader John Cabess, but his trading post was destroyed by the

Elmina Elmina, also known as Edina by the local Fante, is a town and the capital of the Komenda/Edina/Eguafo/Abirem District on the south coast of Ghana in the Central Region, situated on a bay on the Atlantic Ocean, west of Cape Coast. Elmina w ...

and Eguafo allies of the Dutch about a month after its establishment. In 1689, the Dutch extended their Fort Vredenburgh, but found their influence severely diminished because they had offended Cabess by driving out the French. At the turn of the 18th century, Komenda was the site of several Komenda Wars, which involved the Dutch and the English and their respective local allies. In 1694, the English built a fort ( Fort Komenda) within the range of Fort Vredenburgh on the right bank of the Komenda River (English Komenda) with the help of John Cabess. The rivalry evidenced by the forts built within each other's reach, was as much a rivalry within the Eguafo state as it was one between the European powers. In fact, at the time of the Komenda Wars,

Great Britain Great Britain is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe. With an area of , it is the largest of the British Isles, the largest European island and the ninth-largest island in the world. It i ...

and the

Dutch Republic The United Provinces of the Netherlands, also known as the (Seven) United Provinces, officially as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Dutch: ''Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden''), and commonly referred to in historiography ...

were in a

personal union A personal union is the combination of two or more states that have the same monarch while their boundaries, laws, and interests remain distinct. A real union, by contrast, would involve the constituent states being to some extent interlink ...

, with both states being led by

William III of Orange William III (William Henry; ; 4 November 16508 March 1702), also widely known as William of Orange, was the sovereign Prince of Orange from birth, Stadtholder of Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel in the Dutch Republic from ...

Gallery

File:Fort Vredenburg 03.jpg, Fort Vredenburg was a fort built by the Dutch in 1682 in the part of Komenda, now known as Dutch Komenda. This picture shows the remains of the File:Fort Vredenburg 04.jpg, Fort Vredenburg File:Fort Vredenburg 01.jpg, Fort Vredenburg File:Fort Vredenburg 02.jpg, Fort Vredenburg File:Fort Vredenburg 06.jpg, Fort Vredenburg Fort Vredenburg 05

References

Citations

Bibliography

{{Gold Coast Buildings and structures completed in 1683 History of Ghana Castles in Ghana Dutch Gold Coast 1682 establishments in the Dutch Empire Vredenburgh