enzymology Enzymes () are proteins that act as biological catalysts by accelerating chemical reactions. The molecules upon which enzymes may act are called substrates, and the enzyme converts the substrates into different molecules known as products. A ...

, a formate dehydrogenase (cytochrome) () is an enzyme that

catalyzes Catalysis () is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a substance known as a catalyst (). Catalysts are not consumed in the reaction and remain unchanged after it. If the reaction is rapid and the catalyst recyc ...

the chemical reaction :formate + 2 ferricytochrome b₁

\rightleftharpoons

CO₂ + 2 ferrocytochrome b₁ + 2 H⁺ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are

formate Formate (IUPAC name: methanoate) is the conjugate base of formic acid. Formate is an anion () or its derivatives such as ester of formic acid. The salts and esters are generally colorless.Werner Reutemann and Heinz Kieczka "Formic Acid" in ''Ull ...

and ferricytochrome b1, whereas its 3 products are CO₂, ferrocytochrome b1, and H⁺. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with a cytochrome as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is formate:ferricytochrome-b1 oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include formate dehydrogenase, and formate:cytochrome b1 oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates in

glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism describes a variety of reactions involving glyoxylate or dicarboxylates. Glyoxylate is the conjugate base of glyoxylic acid, and within a buffered environment of known pH such as the cell cytoplasm these ter ...

References

* EC 1.2.2 Enzymes of unknown structure {{1.2-enzyme-stub