Ford commonly refers to: *

Ford Motor Company Ford Motor Company (commonly known as Ford) is an American multinational automobile manufacturer headquartered in Dearborn, Michigan, United States. It was founded by Henry Ford and incorporated on June 16, 1903. The company sells automobi ...

, an automobile manufacturer founded by Henry Ford *

Ford (crossing) A ford is a shallow place with good footing where a river or stream may be crossed by wading, or inside a vehicle getting its wheels wet. A ford may occur naturally or be constructed. Fords may be impassable during high water. A low-water cr ...

, a shallow crossing on a river Ford may also refer to:

Ford Motor Company

Henry Ford Henry Ford (July 30, 1863 – April 7, 1947) was an American industrialist, business magnate, founder of the Ford Motor Company, and chief developer of the assembly line technique of mass production. By creating the first automobile that mi ...

, founder of the Ford Motor Company *

Ford Foundation The Ford Foundation is an American private foundation with the stated goal of advancing human welfare. Created in 1936 by Edsel Ford and his father Henry Ford, it was originally funded by a US$25,000 gift from Edsel Ford. By 1947, after the death ...

, established by Henry and Edsel *

Ford Australia Ford Motor Company of Australia Limited (known by its trading name Ford Australia) is the Australian subsidiary of United States-based automaker Ford Motor Company. It was founded in Geelong, Victoria, in 1925 as an outpost of Ford Motor Comp ...

Ford Brasil Ford Brasil is the Brazilian subsidiary of American automaker Ford Motor Company, founded on April 24, 1919. The operation started out importing the Ford Model T cars and the Ford Model TT trucks in kit form from the United States for assembly ...

Changan Ford Changan Ford (; full name Changan Ford Automobile Co., Ltd.) is a Chinese automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Chongqing. It is a 50/50 joint venture between local Changan Automobile and US-based Ford Motor Company. The company's pri ...

Ford Motor Company of Canada Ford Motor Company of Canada, Limited ( French: ''Ford du Canada Limitée'') was founded on August 17, 1904, for the purpose of manufacturing and selling Ford automobiles in Canada and the British Empire. It was originally known as the Walkerville ...

, Canadian subsidiary *

Ford of Britain Ford of Britain (officially Ford Motor Company Limited)The Ford 'companies' or corporate entities referred to in this article are: * Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Michigan, USA, incorporated 16 June 1903 * Ford Motor Company Limited, incorporat ...

Ford of Europe Ford of Europe GmbH is a subsidiary company of Ford Motor Company founded in 1967 in Cork (city), Cork, Republic of Ireland, Ireland, with headquarters in Cologne, Germany. History Ford of Europe was founded in 1967 by the merger of Ford of Bri ...

, the successor of British, German and Irish subsidiaries *

Ford Germany Ford-Werke GmbH is a German car manufacturer headquartered in Niehl, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia. It is a subsidiary of Ford Motor Company, which operates two large manufacturing facilities in Germany, a plant in Cologne and a plant in Saar ...

Ford Lio Ho Ford Lio Ho Motor () is a Taiwanese-based automaker and the primary dealer of Ford vehicles in Taiwan, formed in 1972. It is 70 percent owned by Ford Motor Company. The remaining 30 per cent is owned by investors in the former Lio Ho Automotive ...

Ford New Zealand Ford Motor Company of New Zealand Limited is the New Zealand subsidiary of Ford Motor Company. The Ford-New Zealand assembly and distribution began in 1936, following the successful representation of Ford's New Zealand business by The Colonial ...

Ford Motor Company Philippines Ford Motor Company Philippines, Inc. (FMCPI) is a Philippine-based subsidiary of Ford Motor Company. It was primarily focused on manufacturing automobiles for local and regional markets from 1998 until 2012. It built the Ford Escape, Ford Laser/Ly ...

Ford Romania Ford Romania is an automobile manufacturing company operated by Ford of Europe, located in Craiova, Romania. History 20th century Royal Garage imported Ford cars as early as May 1911. Shortly, other agencies such as Colin & Co., Leonida & Co., Noe ...

Ford SAF Ford France (formerly, Ford SAF, Ford Société Anonyme Française) is the French subsidiary of the American automaker Ford Motor Company, which existed under various names between 1916 and 1954, when Ford sold the manufacturing business to Simca ...

, the French subsidiary between 1916 and 1954 *

Ford Motor Company of South Africa Ford Motor Company of Southern Africa (Pty.) Ltd. is an automobile and commercial vehicle manufacturer with corporate headquarters in Pretoria. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ford Motor Company. auf der Website der Ford Motor Company of South ...

Fordson Fordson was a brand name of tractors and trucks. It was used on a range of mass-produced general-purpose tractors manufactured by Henry Ford & Son Inc from 1917 to 1920, by Ford Motor Company (U.S.) and Ford Motor Company Ltd (U.K.) from 1920 to ...

, the tractor and truck manufacturing arm of the Ford Motor Company *

Ford Vietnam Ford Vietnam was established in 1995, and is a joint venture between Ford Motor Company (75%) and Song Cong Diesel Company (25%). Ford's investment is credited with helping industrialize Vietnam. Ford Vietnam has its headquarters in Hanoi with an ...

Ford World Rally Team The Ford World Rally Team, also known as the ''Ford Motor Co. Team'' prior to 2005, is Ford Motor Company's full factory World Rally Championship team. In its current form, it has been a competitor since the 1997 season, when Ford Motor Compa ...

(aka Ford Motor Co. Team prior to 2005), Ford Motor Company's full factory World Rally Championship team (1978–2012) *

Ford Performance Ford Performance (formerly Ford Racing) is the high-performance division of the Ford Motor Company and the multinational name used for its motorsport and racing activity. History * 1896 – Henry Ford reached a top speed of 20 mph in his ...

Henry Ford & Son Ltd Ford Ireland (Officially, Henry Ford & Sons Limited) is the Irish subsidiary of the United States-based automaker Ford Motor Company. With an assembly plant for motor vehicles, it was part of the automotive industry in Ireland. Company history P ...

, Ireland *

List of Ford vehicles The following is a list of vehicles manufactured by the Ford Motor Company under the Ford marque. Current production vehicles Former production vehicles 1900–1929 1940–1949 ;Notes 1930–1939 ;Notes 1950–1959 ; ...

, models referred to as Ford

Arts and entertainment

* ''The Ford'' (painting), a 1644 painting by Claude Lorrain * Ford, a religious figure in Aldous Huxley's ''

Brave New World ''Brave New World'' is a dystopian novel by English author Aldous Huxley, written in 1931 and published in 1932. Largely set in a futuristic World State, whose citizens are environmentally engineered into an intelligence-based social hierarch ...

'' * Ford and Mistress Ford, characters in William Shakespeare's ''

The Merry Wives of Windsor ''The Merry Wives of Windsor'' or ''Sir John Falstaff and the Merry Wives of Windsor'' is a comedy by William Shakespeare first published in 1602, though believed to have been written in or before 1597. The Windsor of the play's title is a ref ...

'' * Ford Cruller, a character in ''

Psychonauts ''Psychonauts'' is a 2005 platform video game developed by Double Fine Productions. The game was initially published by Majesco Entertainment and THQ for Microsoft Windows, Xbox and PlayStation 2. In 2011, Double Fine acquired the rights for t ...

'' * Ford Fairlane, a character in ''

The Adventures of Ford Fairlane ''The Adventures of Ford Fairlane'' is a 1990 American action comedy mystery film directed by Renny Harlin and written by David Arnott, James Cappe, and Daniel Waters based on a story by Arnott and Cappe. The film stars comedian Andrew Dice Cl ...

'' named after an automobile manufactured by the Ford Motor Company *

Ford Prefect (character) Ford Prefect (also called Ix) is a fictional character in ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'' by the British author Douglas Adams. His role as Arthur Dent's friend – and rescuer, when the Earth is unexpectedly demolished to make way for a ...

, in Douglas Adams' ''The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy'' * Kira Ford, a ''Power Rangers Dino Thunder'' character * Judge J.J. Ford, a character in ''

The Westing Game ''The Westing Game'' is a mystery book written by Ellen Raskin and published by Dutton on May 1, 1978. It won the Newbery Medal recognizing the year's most distinguished contribution to American children's literature. ''The Westing Game'' was r ...

'' * Grunkle Ford, a character in the animated series ''

Gravity Falls ''Gravity Falls'' is an American mystery comedy animated television series created by Alex Hirsch for Disney Channel and Disney XD. The series follows the adventures of Dipper Pines (Jason Ritter) and his twin sister Mabel (Kristen Schaal) wh ...

Businesses and organizations

* Ford Hospital and Research Centre, Bihar, India *

Ford Hotel The Ford Hotel was a historic hotel in central Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was one of five hotels in the R.T. Ford & Company hotel chain and was identical to the Ford Hotel, Buffalo and Ford Hotel, Montreal. The 750-room hotel consisted of three 1 ...

, a historic hotel in central Toronto, Ontario, Canada *

Ford Instrument Company The Ford Instrument Company was a U.S. corporation known for being the primary supplier of fire control Rangekeepers and analog computers for the United States Navy before and during World War II. A personal blog, Doug Coward's Analog History Mus ...

Ford Library (disambiguation) Ford Library may refer to: *Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library, at the University of Michigan * Henry Ford Centennial Library, the main branch of the Dearborn Public Libraries *Ford Library, the library of Duke University's Fuqua School of Busine ...

, several libraries *

Ford Models Ford Models, originally the Ford Modeling Agency, is an American international modeling agency based in New York City. It was established in 1946 by Eileen Ford and her husband Gerard W. Ford. Company Ford Models was started in 1946 by Eileen ...

, an American modeling agency *

The Ford Meter Box Company The Ford Meter Box Company is a manufacturer of products for the waterworks industry and is headquartered in Wabash, Indiana, where it operates a brass foundry. Its products include water meter setting and testing equipment, valves, Coupling (pipin ...

, an American manufacturer *

Ford's Theatre Ford's Theatre is a theater located in Washington, D.C., which opened in August 1863. The theater is infamous for being the site of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. On the night of April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth entered the theater box ...

, Washington D.C., U.S. *

Ford Tractor Company Ford Tractor Company was a Minneapolis-based company active from 1916 to 1917, that built tractors to facilitate "horseless farming". History Ford Tractor Company was incorporated on March 15, 1915, by W. Baer Ewing and Paul W. Ford. Prior to ...

, a manufacturer of tractors in 1916–17, not related to Ford Motor Company *

Forum for the Restoration of Democracy – Asili The Forum for the Restoration of Democracy–Asili (FORD–Asili) is a political party in Kenya. It is commonly known as FORD-Asili. Asili means 'original' in Swahili. FORD-Asili has its origins in the original Forum for the Restoration of Democ ...

, a Kenyan political party *

Forum for the Restoration of Democracy – Kenya Forum for the Restoration of Democracy–Kenya (FORD–Kenya) is a Kenyan political party. The party has sat in the government of Kenya once, under the National Rainbow Coalition, from 2003 to 2007, having ended forty years of one party (Kenya A ...

, a Kenyan political party *

Forum for the Restoration of Democracy – People The Forum for the Restoration of Democracy–People, commonly known as Ford People, was a political party in Kenya ) , national_anthem = " Ee Mungu Nguvu Yetu"() , image_map = , map_caption = , image_map2 ...

, a Kenyan political party

People

Ford (surname) The surname Ford has several origins. In some cases it originated as a name for someone who lived near a ford, and is therefore derived from the Old English and Middle English ''ford''. In some cases, the surname is derived from places named ''Ford ...

, a surname (and list of people with the name) **

Gerald Ford Gerald Rudolph Ford Jr. ( ; born Leslie Lynch King Jr.; July 14, 1913December 26, 2006) was an American politician who served as the 38th president of the United States from 1974 to 1977. He was the only president never to have been elected ...

, 38th president of the United States

People with the given name

Ford Madox Brown Ford Madox Brown (16 April 1821 – 6 October 1893) was a British painter of moral and historical subjects, notable for his distinctively graphic and often William Hogarth, Hogarthian version of the Pre-Raphaelite style. Arguably, his mos ...

(1821–1893), English painter *

Ford Madox Ford Ford Madox Ford (né Joseph Leopold Ford Hermann Madox Hueffer ( ); 17 December 1873 – 26 June 1939) was an English novelist, poet, critic and editor whose journals ''The English Review'' and ''The Transatlantic Review'' were instrumental in ...

(1873–1939), English author * Ford E. Stinson (1914–1989), Louisiana state legislator *

Ford Quint Elvidge Ford Quint Elvidge (November 20, 1892 – July 14, 1980) was an American attorney who was governor of Guam from 1953 to 1956. Early life Elvidge was born November 30, 1892, in Oakland, California. He spent his early years in Oakland before movi ...

(1892–1980), second Civilian Governor of Guam *

Ford Rainey Ford Rainey (August 8, 1908 – July 25, 2005) was an American film, stage, and television actor.Myrna Oliver"Ford Rainey, 96; Performed Shakespeare, Shepard and Variety of Film, TV Roles" ''Los Angeles Times'', July 26, 2005. Early life Rainey ...

(1908–2005), American actor

Places

Antarctica

Ford Ice Piedmont Ford Ice Piedmont () is the large ice piedmont lying northward of Dufek Massif and the Forrestal Range between the lower ends of Foundation Ice Stream and Support Force Glacier, in the Pensacola Mountains of Antarctica. It was named by the Advisory ...

Ford Island (Windmill Islands) Ford Island is a rocky Antarctic island, long, between O'Connor and Cloyd Islands in the southern part of the Windmill Islands. It was first mapped from air photos taken by USN Operation Highjump and Operation Windmill in 1947 and 1948. It w ...

Ford Massif Ford Massif is a broad, snow-topped massif long and wide, forming the major topographic landmark of the northern Thiel Mountains in Antarctica. The massif rises to , is essentially flat, and terminates in steep rock cliffs in all but the southern ...

Ford Nunataks The Ford Nunataks () are a cluster of nunataks and low peaks rising above a network of ice-drowned ridges about in extent, lying northwest of Murtaugh Peak in the Wisconsin Range of the Horlick Mountains, Antarctica. They were mapped by the Unit ...

Ford Peak Ford Peak () is a rock peak, high, standing west of Mount Billing in the Prince Albert Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica. It was named by the Southern Party of the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition, 1962–63, for M.R.J. Ford ...

Ford Ranges The Ford Ranges () are a grouping of mountain ranges standing east of Sulzberger Ice Shelf and Block Bay in the northwest part of Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica. Discovered by the Byrd Antarctic Expedition on December 5, 1929, they were named by By ...

Ford Rock Ford Rock is a prominent rock which lies northeast of Cone Hill on Hut Point Peninsula, Ross Island, Antarctica. Cone Hill and this rock were designated "Cone Hill I" and "Cone Hill II," respectively, by the British Antarctic Expedition, 1910� ...

Ford Spur Ford Spur () is a prominent spur which marks the southwestern extremity of Haynes Table, and the confluence of Keltie Glacier and Brandau Glacier in the Queen Maud Mountains of Antarctica. It was named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic ...

United Kingdom

Ford, Argyll Ford ( gd, Àth na Crà) is a small village at the southern end of Loch Awe in Argyll, Scotland. The village originated as a stopping point on the drove route to Inveraray. The Ford Hotel dates back to 1864, and was probably erected on the site o ...

Ford, Buckinghamshire Ford is a hamlet in the parish of Dinton-with-Ford and Upton, in Buckinghamshire, England. It is located in the south eastern corner of the parish. The place name is Anglo Saxon in origin and refers simply to the place where a stream crosses ...

Ford, Derbyshire Ford is a hamlet in North East Derbyshire in the county of Derbyshire in England. Location Ford lies just south of the South Yorkshire border, around 5 miles south-east of Sheffield City Centre Sheffield City Centre (referred to locally as ...

Ford, Chivelstone Ford is a hamlet about 6 miles from Stoke Fleming, in the civil parish of Chivelstone, in the South Hams district, in the county of Devon, England. Ford contains around a dozen houses and has a ruined chapel. In 1870-72 it had a population of 6 ...

, a South Hams Devon *

Ford, Plymouth Ford is a Victorian-built area of Plymouth, Devon, England. It lies north-west of the city centre, between the suburbs of Milehouse and Keyham, Plymouth, Keyham. Between 1890 and 1964 the area was served by Ford (Devon) railway station, Ford r ...

, Devon, a suburb * Ford, East Devon, a

location In geography, location or place are used to denote a region (point, line, or area) on Earth's surface or elsewhere. The term ''location'' generally implies a higher degree of certainty than ''place'', the latter often indicating an entity with an ...

in Devon * Ford, Holbeton, a

in South Hams, Devon * Ford, Torridge, a

in Devon *

Ford, Gloucestershire Ford is a hamlet (place), hamlet in Gloucestershire, England. Ford lies on the B4077 road where it crosses the upper reaches of the River Windrush between Tewkesbury and Stow-on-the-Wold. The nearest village is Cutsdean a mile to its north. Ex ...

* Ford, Herefordshire, a

Ford, Merseyside Ford is an area and electoral ward in the borough of Sefton, Merseyside, North West England. The population of Ford taken at the 2011 census was 12,731. Ford is situated to the east of Crosby next to Rimrose Valley, and north of Litherland L ...

Ford (ward) Ford is a Metropolitan Borough of Sefton Ward (politics), ward in the Bootle (UK Parliament constituency), Bootle Parliamentary constituency that covers the northern part of the locality of Litherland and all of Ford, Merseyside, Ford. Councillors ...

Ford railway station (Merseyside) Ford railway station was a station located on the North Mersey Branch, north Liverpool, Merseyside, England. History It opened for service on 1 June 1906 and closed on 2 April 1951. Passenger trains then only ran once a year on this line, tran ...

Ford, Northumberland Ford is a small village and civil parish in Northumberland, England, about from Berwick-upon-Tweed. The parish also includes Etal. History before 1513 Very little is known of the history of the area before the Norman Conquest in the 11th cen ...

* Ford, Pembrokeshire, a parish of

Hayscastle Hayscastle or Hays-Castle ( cy, Cas-lai) is a village, parish and community of Pembrokeshire in West Wales, 7½ miles (N. W. by N.) from Haverfordwest on the B4330 road. History Richard Fenton, in his 1810 ''Historical Tour'', identified what he ...

Ford, Shropshire Ford is a village and civil parish in Shropshire, England. The civil parish population at the 2011 census was 890. Ford lies west of the county town of Shrewsbury, just off the A458 road and near to the River Severn, at . The Royal Mail p ...

* Ford, Mendip, a

in Somerset * Ford, Somerset West and Taunton, a

* Ford, Staffordshire, a

Ford, West Sussex Ford is a village and civil parish in the Arun District of West Sussex, England. It is centred south by south-west of Arundel and west of Worthing. The civil parish very gently slopes to the east, where it has the public track alongside the Rive ...

** Ford railway station **

HM Prison Ford HM Prison Ford (informally known as Ford Open Prison) is a Category D men's prison, located at Ford, in West Sussex, England, near Arundel and Littlehampton. The prison is operated by His Majesty's Prison Service. Air Force and Navy use The ...

Ford, North Wiltshire Ford is a small village in the north-west of Wiltshire, England. The village is on the A420 road, 4 miles west of Chippenham and 11 miles east of Bristol. Ford is the second largest village in the Civil parishes in England, civil parish of Nort ...

* Ford, Salisbury, a hamlet of

Laverstock Laverstock is a village and civil parish on the north-east and east outskirts of Salisbury in the ceremonial county of Wiltshire, England. The parish is shaped like a figure 7 and incorporates Ford hamlet, the eastern half of the former manor of ...

United States

Ford, Georgia Ford is an extinct town in Bartow County, in the U.S. state of Georgia Georgia most commonly refers to: * Georgia (country), a country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia * Georgia (U.S. state), a state in the Southeast United States Georgia may ...

Ford, Kansas Ford is a city in Ford County, Kansas, United States. As of the 2020 census, the population of the city was 203. History Ford was founded around 1885. It was named for Col. James Hobart Ford, a notable Union colonel and brevet brigadier gen ...

Ford, Kentucky Ford is an unincorporated community located in Clark County, Kentucky Kentucky ( , ), officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States and one of the states of the Upper South. It bord ...

Ford, Virginia Ford is an unincorporated community in Dinwiddie County, Virginia, United States. Ford is located on U.S. Route 460 west-southwest of Petersburg. This town was a stop on the Southside Railroad in the mid-nineteenth Century. This became the At ...

Ford, Washington Ford is an unincorporated community in Stevens County, Washington, United States. It is on Washington State Route 231 south-southwest of Springdale. Ford has a post office A post office is a public facility and a retailer that provides m ...

Ford, Wisconsin Ford is a town in Taylor County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 276 at the 2000 census. The unincorporated community of Polley is located in the town. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total are ...

Ford Block Ford Block is a historic commercial building located at Oneonta in Otsego County, New York. It is a large, three story brick building in a modified Queen Anne style. It was built between 1881 and 1882 and is built of load-bearing brick walls an ...

, a historic commercial building in Oneonta, Otsego County, New York *

Ford Center (Evansville) The Ford Center is a multi-use indoor arena in downtown Evansville, Indiana with a maximum seating capacity of 11,000. It officially opened in November 2011 and is mainly used for basketball, ice hockey, and music concerts. It is home to the Evan ...

, an indoor arena in Evansville, Indiana *

Ford Field Ford Field is a domed American football stadium located in Downtown Detroit. It primarily serves as the home of the Detroit Lions of the National Football League (NFL), as well as the annual Quick Lane Bowl college football bowl game, state champ ...

, a stadium in Detroit, Michigan *

Ford Hospital The Ford Hospital, also called the Fifth Avenue Hotel, is located in downtown Omaha, Nebraska. Built in 1916 by Home Builders Incorporated, the hospital was a privately operated facility built and operated by Dr. Michael J. Ford. Operating until ...

, active in the 1920s, Omaha, Nebraska *

Ford Island Ford Island ( haw, Poka Ailana) is an islet in the center of Pearl Harbor, Oahu, in the U.S. state of Hawaii. It has been known as Rabbit Island, Marín's Island, and Little Goats Island, and its native Hawaiian name is ''Mokuumeume''. The isl ...

, Hawaii

Elsewhere

Ford, County Wexford Kilmuckridge (), formerly Ford or The Ford, is a village in County Wexford in Republic of Ireland, Ireland, near the Irish Sea coast. As of the 2016 census, the village had a population of 722 people, having more than tripled in size (from 235) i ...

, Ireland, a village

Sports

* Ford Cup (disambiguation), in junior hockey * Ford Cup (tennis)

Other uses

Ford (mango) The 'Ford' mango is a named mango cultivar that originated in south Florida. History Ford was of unknown origin until a 2005 pedigree study estimated that it was a seedling of Tommy Atkins (mango), Tommy Atkins. The cultivar never gained popul ...

, a mango cultivar from Florida *

Ford circle In mathematics, a Ford circle is a circle with center at (p/q,1/(2q^2)) and radius 1/(2q^2), where p/q is an irreducible fraction, i.e. p and q are coprime integers. Each Ford circle is tangent to the horizontal axis y=0, and any two Ford circles ...

, in mathematics * ''

Ford v Quebec (AG) ''Ford v Quebec (AG)'',

988 Year 988 ( CMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Byzantine Empire * Fall – Emperor Basil II, supported by a contingent of 6,000 Varangians ...

2 SCR 712 is a landmark Supreme Court of Canada decision in which the Court struck down part of the ''Charter of the French Language'', commonly known as "Bill 101". This law had restricted the use of commercial signs ...

'', a landmark Supreme Court of Canada case on freedom of expression *

Douglas F4D Skyray The Douglas F4D Skyray (later redesignated F-6 Skyray) is an American carrier-based fighter/interceptor built by the Douglas Aircraft Company. Although it was in service for a relatively short time (1956–1964) and never entered combat, it w ...

, nicknamed Ford, an American jet fighter of the 1950s and 1960s * , the name of several ships * ''Gerald R. Ford''-class aircraft carrier, or ''Ford''-class, a group of American ships ** USS ''Gerald R. Ford'', the lead ship of the USS ''Gerald R. Ford'' class aircraft carrier