Fontana Dei Mostri Marini
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The two fontane dei mostri marini ("sea monster fountains") are located in the Santissima Annunziata plaza in the Italian city of
Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...
.


History

The two fountains were placed in 1641 at the sides of the Santissima Annunziata plaza, having been commissioned in 1626. The statues were originally intended to complement the
Monument of the Four Moors The Monument of the Four Moors () is located in Livorno, Italy. It was completed in 1626 to commemorate the victories of Ferdinand I of Tuscany over the Ottomans. It is the most famous monument of Livorno and is located in Piazza Micheli. C ...
in
Livorno Livorno () is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western coast of Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Livorno, having a population of 158,493 residents in December 2017. It is traditionally known in English as Leghorn (pronou ...
. To this end, artist Pietro Tacca began to work on them in 1627 with the help of two students: Bartolomeo Salvini and Francesco Maria Bandini. In 1641, following the death of Tacca, the fountains were placed in the Santissima Annunziata plaza on opposite sides of the
Equestrian Monument of Ferdinando I The Equestrian Monument of Ferdinando I is a bronze equestrian statue by Giambologna, executed in 1602–1607, and erected in 1608 in the Piazza of the Annunziata in Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy. History The monument was commissioned by Cos ...
. The fountains were restored over a period spanning from 1987 to 1988, and again between May and June 1996 by Giovanni Morigi under the direction of the Carlo Francini Office of Fine Arts of the City of Florence. Despite these efforts, the statues again began to show signs of material degradation and the fountains were eventually shut down. In 2013, money obtained by the Municipality of Public Land Concession for Special Initiatives was used to initiate a new restorative effort.


Description

These two fountains are considered masterpieces among Mannerist sculptures for their beauty and balance, using contemporary marine symbology (such as
seashell A seashell or sea shell, also known simply as a shell, is a hard, protective outer layer usually created by an animal or organism that lives in the sea. The shell is part of the body of the animal. Empty seashells are often found washe ...
s,
fish Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Approximately 95% of li ...
, legendary monsters, garlands of
shellfish Shellfish is a colloquial and fisheries term for exoskeleton-bearing aquatic invertebrates used as food, including various species of molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms. Although most kinds of shellfish are harvested from saltwater envir ...
and
algae Algae (; singular alga ) is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades. Included organisms range from unicellular mic ...
, and masks) alongside traditional maritime themes and symbols. As emphasized, for example, by Giuseppe Richa in ''Notizie Istoriche delle chiese fiorentine'' (XVIII secolo), it was unconventional that sprays of water would not be directed upwards, but sometimes come out from mouths of the monsters directed downwards. Pietro Tacca's signature (PETRUS TACC F.) can be found on both fountains; this is most easily read with one's back to the basilica.


Gallery

Image:Prima fontana dei mostri marini 06.JPG, Detail of the sea monster Image:Prima fontana dei mostri marini 12.JPG, Detail of the tank Image:Seconda fontana dei mostri marini 14.JPG, Detail of the base


See also

* Pietro Tacca * Equestrian Monument of Cosimo I (
Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...
) *
Equestrian Monument of Ferdinando I The Equestrian Monument of Ferdinando I is a bronze equestrian statue by Giambologna, executed in 1602–1607, and erected in 1608 in the Piazza of the Annunziata in Florence, region of Tuscany, Italy. History The monument was commissioned by Cos ...
(
Florence Florence ( ; it, Firenze ) is a city in Central Italy and the capital city of the Tuscany region. It is the most populated city in Tuscany, with 383,083 inhabitants in 2016, and over 1,520,000 in its metropolitan area.Bilancio demografico an ...
) *
Monument of the Four Moors The Monument of the Four Moors () is located in Livorno, Italy. It was completed in 1626 to commemorate the victories of Ferdinand I of Tuscany over the Ottomans. It is the most famous monument of Livorno and is located in Piazza Micheli. C ...
(
Livorno Livorno () is a port city on the Ligurian Sea on the western coast of Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Livorno, having a population of 158,493 residents in December 2017. It is traditionally known in English as Leghorn (pronou ...
)


References

* Le bellezze della città di Firenze, dove a pieno di pittura, di scultura, di sacri templi, di palazzi, i più notabili artifizi, e più preziosi si contengono, scritte già da M. Francesco Bocchi, ed ora da M. Giovanni Cinelli ampliate, ed accresciute, Firenze, per Gio. Gugliantini, 1677, p. 415; * Giuseppe Zocchi, Scelta di XXIV vedute delle principali Contrade, Piazze, Chiese e Palazzi della Città di Firenze, Firenze, appresso Giuseppe Allegrini, 1744, tav. XV; * Federico Fantozzi, Nuova guida ovvero descrizione storico artistico critica della città e contorni di Firenze, Firenze, Giuseppe e fratelli Ducci, 1842, p. 404; * Federico Fantozzi, Pianta geometrica della città di Firenze alla proporzione di 1 a 4500 levata dal vero e corredata di storiche annotazioni, Firenze, Galileiana, 1843, p. 179, n. 427; * Giuseppe Formigli, Guida per la città di Firenze e suoi contorni, nuova edizione corretta ed accresciuta, Firenze, Carini e Formigli, 1849, p. 72; * Augusto Garneri, Firenze e dintorni: in giro con un artista. Guida ricordo pratica storica critica, Torino et alt., Paravia & C., s.d. ma 1924, p. 205, n. X; * Luigi Vittorio Bertarelli, Firenze e dintorni, Milano, Touring Club Italiano, 1937, p. 193; * Ettore Allodoli, Arturo Jahn Rusconi, Firenze e dintorni, Roma, Istituto Poligrafico e Libreria dello Stato, 1950, p. 131; * Eve Borsook, Ecco Firenze. Guida ai luoghi e nel tempo, edizione italiana a cura di Piero Bertolucci, Milano, Mursia, 1972 (ed or. The Companion Guide to Florence, London, Collins, 1966), p. 227; * Touring Club Italiano, Firenze e dintorni, Milano, Touring Editore, 1974, p. 211; * Giuseppe Zocchi, Vedute di Firenze e della Toscana, a cura di Rainer Michael Mason, Firenze, Libreria Editrice Fiorentina, 1981, pp. 60–61; * Carlo Cresti, Le fontane di Firenze, Firenze, Bonechi, 1982, pp. 56–61; * Piero Torriti, Pietro Tacca da Carrara, Genova, Sagep, 1984, pp. 39–44; * Carlo Francini, Le fontane del Tacca, il giardino di Palazzo Grifoni e una pianta delle scuderie di San Marco, in "Bollettino della Società di Studi Fiorentini", 1997, 1, pp. 67–75; * Touring Club Italiano, Firenze e provincia, Milano, Touring Editore, 2005, p. 331. * Luciano Artusi, Tante le acque che scorrevano a Firenze, itinarario tra i giochi d'acqua delle decorative fontane fiorentine, Semper, Firenze 2005. * Elisabetta Nardinocchi, Pietro Tacca tra natura e decoro, in Pietro Tacca. Carrara, la Toscana, le grandi corti europee, catalogo della mostra (Carrara, Centro Internazionale delle Arti Plastiche, 5 maggio-19 agosto 2007) a cura di Franca Falletti, Firenze, Mandragora, 2007, pp. 102–119.


External links

* *Claudio Paolini
scheda nel Repertorio delle architetture civili di Firenze di Palazzo Spinelli
(testi concessi in
GFDL The GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL or simply GFDL) is a copyleft license for free documentation, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU Project. It is similar to the GNU General Public License, giving readers the r ...
). {{Authority control Fountains in Florence Bronze sculptures in Florence Mannerist architecture in Italy Sculptures of fish Sculptures of seashells