''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was

circumscribed In geometry, the circumscribed circle or circumcircle of a polygon is a circle that passes through all the vertices of the polygon. The center of this circle is called the circumcenter and its radius is called the circumradius. Not every polyg ...

by American lichenologist

Mason Hale Mason Ellsworth Hale, Jr. (September 23, 1929 – April 23, 1990) was one of the most prolific lichenologists of the 20th century. Many of his scholarly articles focused on the taxonomy of the family Parmeliaceae. Hale was one of the first liche ...

in 1986 to contain 17 former ''

Pseudoparmelia ''Pseudoparmelia'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Parmeliaceae. The genus has a pantropical distribution, and contains 27 species. It was circumscribed by Bernt Arne Lynge in 1914, who distinguished the genus from ''Parmelia'' by th ...

'' species with broad lobes,

usnic acid Usnic acid is a naturally occurring dibenzofuran derivative found in several lichen species with the formula C18H16O7. It was first isolated by German scientist W. Knop in 1844 and first synthesized between 1933-1937 by Curd and Robertson. Usnic a ...

in the cortex, and

isolichenan Isolichenan, also known as isolichenin, is a cold-water-soluble alpha glucan, α-glucan occurring in certain species of lichens. This lichen product was first isolated as a component of an extract of Cetraria islandica, Iceland moss in 1813, a ...

in the

cell wall A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, just outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It provides the cell with both structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mech ...

Description

''Flavoparmelia'' lichens are medium sized foliose lichens that are yellow-green in colour, with a thallus comprising rounded lobed that measure 2–8 mm wide, which form flat and loosely attached patches that are wide. Older parts of the upper thallus surface are wrinkled, while the newer parts are smooth. There is a black lower surface with simple, unbranched rhizines, and a distinct bare zone around the margin. The photobiont partner is green algae from genus ''

Trebouxia ''Trebouxia'' is a unicellular green alga.Silverside, A. J. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.bioref.lastdragon.org/Chlorophyta/''Trebouxia''.html It is a photosynthetic organism that can exist in almost all habitats found in polar, tropical, and ...

''. ''Flavoparmelia'' has larger spores than other segregate genera of ''Pseudoparmelia''.

Species

Flavoparmelia caperata - lichen - Caperatflechte

*''

Flavoparmelia baltimorensis ''Flavoparmelia baltimorensis'', the rock greenshield lichen (from ''Lichens of North America''), is a medium to large foliose lichen with a yellow green upper thallus surface when dry; its lobes are rounded without pseudocyphellae; and the upper ...

'' (Gyeln. & Fóriss) Hale (1986) *''

Flavoparmelia caperata ''Flavoparmelia caperata'', the common greenshield lichen, is a foliose lichen that grows on the bark of trees, and occasionally on rock. Identification ''Flavoparmelia caperata'' is a medium to large foliose lichen that has a very distinctive ...

'' (L.) Hale (1986) *''

Flavoparmelia caperatula ''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was circumscribed by American lichenolog ...

'' (Nyl.) Elix, O.Blanco & A.Crespo (2010) *''

Flavoparmelia citrinescens ''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was circumscribed by American lichenolog ...

'' (Gyeln.) O.Blanco, A.Crespo & Elix (2010) *''

Flavoparmelia diffractaica ''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was circumscribed by American lichenolog ...

'' Elix & J.Johnst. (1988) *''

Flavoparmelia ecuadorensis ''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was circumscribed by American lichenolog ...

'' T.H.Nash, Elix & J.Johnst. (1987) *''

Flavoparmelia euplecta ''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was circumscribed by American lichenolog ...

'' (Stirt.) Hale (1986) *''

Flavoparmelia ferax ''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was circumscribed by American lichenolog ...

'' (Müll.Arg.) Hale (1986) *''

Flavoparmelia haysomii ''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was circumscribed by American lichenolog ...

'' (C.W.Dodge) Hale (1986) *''

Flavoparmelia haywardiana ''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was circumscribed by American lichenolog ...

'' Elix & J.Johnst. (1988) *''

Flavoparmelia helmsii ''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was circumscribed by American lichenolog ...

'' (Kurok. & Filson) Hale (1986) *''

Flavoparmelia kantvilasii ''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was circumscribed by American lichenolog ...

'' Elix (1993) – New South Wales *''

Flavoparmelia marchantii ''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was circumscribed by American lichenolog ...

'' Elix, O.Blanco & A.Crespo (2005) – Australia *'' Flavoparmelia norfolkensis'' Elix & Streimann (1989) –

Norfolk Island Norfolk Island (, ; Norfuk: ''Norf'k Ailen'') is an external territory of Australia located in the Pacific Ocean between New Zealand and New Caledonia, directly east of Australia's Evans Head and about from Lord Howe Island. Together with ...

*'' Flavoparmelia plicata'' Aptroot & M.Cáceres (2014) – Brazil *'' Flavoparmelia proeuplecta'' Elix & J.Johnst. (1988) *''

Flavoparmelia rutidota ''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was circumscription (taxonomy), circumsc ...

'' (Hook.f. & Taylor) Hale (1986) *''

Flavoparmelia scabrosina ''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was circumscribed by American lichenolog ...

'' Elix & J.Johnst. (1988) *''

Flavoparmelia secalonica ''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was circumscribed by American lichenolog ...

'' Elix & J.Johnst. (1988) *''

Flavoparmelia soredians ''Flavoparmelia soredians'' is a widely distributed species of foliose lichen in the large family Parmeliaceae. In the late 1990s, an increase in the frequency of ''Flavoparmelia soredians'' was noted in the Netherlands, which, until then, occur ...

'' (Nyl.) Hale (1986) *''

Flavoparmelia springtonensis ''Flavoparmelia'' is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. Because of their appearance, they are commonly known as greenshield lichens. The widely distributed genus contains 32 species. It was circumscribed by American lichenolog ...

'' (Elix) Hale (1986) *'' Flavoparmelia subambigua'' (Hale) O.Blanco, A.Crespo & Elix (2010) *'' Flavoparmelia succinprotocetrarica'' Elix & J.Johnst. (1988) *''

Flavoparmelia virensica ''Flavoparmelia virensica'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), foliose lichen found in Western Australia, newly described in 2010. This species, belonging to the large family Parmeliaceae, is similar in appearance to ''Flavoparmel ...

'' Elix, O.Blanco & A.Crespo (2010)

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5458181 Parmeliaceae Lichen genera Taxa named by Mason Hale Lecanorales genera Taxa described in 1986