The Ferris Formation is a
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the ...
(~66 Ma) to
Paleocene
The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), E ...
(66-63 Ma), fluvial-deltaic geological
formation
Formation may refer to:
Linguistics
* Back-formation, the process of creating a new lexeme by removing or affixes
* Word formation, the creation of a new word by adding affixes
Mathematics and science
* Cave formation or speleothem, a secondar ...
in southern Wyoming. It contains a variety of trace and body fossils, preserved in sandy fluvial channel deposits and overbank units. Dinosaur remains are fragmentary, but include ''
Triceratops
''Triceratops'' ( ; ) is a genus of herbivore, herbivorous Chasmosaurinae, chasmosaurine Ceratopsidae, ceratopsid dinosaur that first appeared during the late Maastrichtian stage of the Late Cretaceous Period (geology), period, about 68 m ...
'', ''
Tyrannosaurus
''Tyrannosaurus'' is a genus of large theropoda, theropod dinosaur. The species ''Tyrannosaurus rex'' (''rex'' meaning "king" in Latin), often called ''T. rex'' or colloquially ''T-Rex'', is one of the best represented theropods. ''Tyrannosa ...
'',
dromaeosaurids
Dromaeosauridae () is a family of feathered theropod dinosaurs. They were generally small to medium-sized feathered carnivores that flourished in the Cretaceous Period. The name Dromaeosauridae means 'running lizards', from Greek ('), meaning ...
, ''
Paronychodon
''Paronychodon'' (meaning "beside claw tooth") was a theropod dinosaur genus. It is a tooth taxon, often considered dubious because of the fragmentary nature of the fossils, which include "buckets" of teeth from many disparate times and places b ...
'', ''
Ricardoestesia'', ''
Edmontosaurus
''Edmontosaurus'' ( ) (meaning "lizard from Edmonton") is a genus of hadrosaurid (duck-billed) dinosaur. It contains two known species: ''Edmontosaurus regalis'' and ''Edmontosaurus annectens''. Fossils of ''E. regalis'' have been found in rocks ...
'', ''
Edmontonia
''Edmontonia'' is a genus of panoplosaurin nodosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous Period. It is part of the Nodosauridae, a family within Ankylosauria. It is named after the Edmonton Formation (now the Horseshoe Canyon Formation in Ca ...
'', ''
Ankylosaurus
''Ankylosaurus'' is a genus of armored dinosaur. Its fossils have been found in geological formations dating to the very end of the Cretaceous Period, about 68–66 million years ago, in western North America, making it among the last of the n ...
'', and ''
Pachycephalosaurus
''Pachycephalosaurus'' (; meaning "thick-headed lizard", from Greek ''pachys-/'' "thick", ''kephale/'' "head" and ''sauros/'' "lizard") is a genus of pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs. The type species, ''P. wyomingensis'', is the only known species, ...
''.
[Wroblewski, 1995]
Some of the fluvial channels contain evidence of tidal influence and brackish water, in the form of tidal facies, shark teeth, and shrimp burrows. This demonstrates that the western shoreline of the
Western Interior Sea was still within a few hundred kilometers even during the latest Cretaceous. The local
K-T boundary is contained within a sandy channel deposit made up of stacked bars. Reworked Cretaceous fossils are preserved at the base of the channel complex, associated with mud rip-up clasts, and Paleocene mammal fossils are preserved in the upper portion of the bar.
[Lillegraven & Eberle, 1999]
The Ferris Formation is up to thick in the
Hanna Basin and represents a rapid accumulation of predominantly fine-grained sediment on a broad delta. The delta previously fed the deepwater
Lewis Shale
The Lewis Shale is a geologic formation in the Western United States. It preserves fossils dating back to the Campanian to Maastrichtian stages of the late Cretaceous period.
Description
The Lewis Shale is an olive-gray marine shale with som ...
and shallow marine
Fox Hills Formation
The Fox Hills Formation is a Cretaceous geologic formation in the northwestern Great Plains of North America. It is present from Alberta on the north to Colorado in the south.
Fossil remains of dinosaurs, including tyrannosaurs, as well as lar ...
. The Ferris followed behind as a system of lagoons, bays, and delta plain environments.
Vertebrate paleofauna
In addition to a variety of dinosaurs, the following taxa are known from the Ferris Formation:
* ''
Myledaphus
''Myledaphus'' is a genus of Late Cretaceous cartilaginous fish whose fossils are known from Canada, the Midwest of the United States, Olmos Formation of the Difunta Group of Mexico, and the Beshtyubin and Bissekty Formations of Uzbekistan. ...
''
* ''
Lissodus
''Lissodus'' is an extinct genus of freshwater shark. It lived from the Early Carboniferous stage to the Albian age of the Cretaceous. It was about long and had flat teeth that it used for eating clams
Clam is a common name for several ...
''
* ''
Cretorectolobus
''Cretorectolobus'' is an extinct carpet shark. It was described by G.R. Case in 1978, and the type species is ''C. olsoni'', which existed during the Campanian in Canada and the United States. Another species, ''C. gracilis'', was described by Ch ...
''
* ''
Phylodus''
* ''
Amia
Amia, AMIA, or AMiA may refer to:
* ''Amia'' (fish), a genus of fish
*American Medical Informatics Association
* Anglican Mission in the Americas
*Asociación Mutual Israelita Argentina, a Jewish community center in Buenos Aires, Argentina
**AMIA ...
''
* ''
Lepisosteus
''Lepisosteus'' is a genus of gars in the family Lepisosteidae.
Distribution
While in the present day, ''Lepisosteus'' is only known across North America, fossil remains show it was much more widespread in the past, with specimens known from t ...
''
* ''
Basilemys''
* ''
Adocus
''Adocus'' is an extinct genus of aquatic turtles belonging to the family Adocidae. ''Adocus'' was once considered to belong to the family Dermatemyidae.
Description
Species of the genus ''Adocus'' had flattened and smoothly contoured shells w ...
''
* ''
Leptochamops''
* ''
Brachychampsa''
and a variety of Cretaceous and Paleocene
multituberculates
Multituberculata (commonly known as multituberculates, named for the multiple tubercles of their teeth) is an extinct order of rodent-like mammals with a fossil record spanning over 130 million years. They first appeared in the Middle Jurassic, ...
,
marsupial
Marsupials are any members of the mammalian infraclass Marsupialia. All extant marsupials are endemic to Australasia, Wallacea and the Americas. A distinctive characteristic common to most of these species is that the young are carried in a po ...
, and
placentals
Placental mammals (infraclass Placentalia ) are one of the three extant subdivisions of the class Mammalia, the other two being Monotremata and Marsupialia. Placentalia contains the vast majority of extant mammals, which are partly distinguishe ...
.
Ornithischians
Saurischians
See also
*
List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
This list of dinosaur-bearing rock formations is a list of geologic formations in which dinosaur fossils have been documented.
Containing body fossils
* List of stratigraphic units with dinosaur body fossils
** List of stratigraphic units with ...
*
Hell Creek Formation
The Hell Creek Formation is an intensively studied division of mostly Upper Cretaceous and some lower Paleocene rocks in North America, named for exposures studied along Hell Creek, near Jordan, Montana. The formation stretches over portions of ...
*
Fort Union Formation
The Fort Union Formation is a geologic unit containing sandstones, shales, and coal beds in Wyoming, Montana, and parts of adjacent states. In the Powder River Basin, it contains important economic deposits of coal, uranium, and coalbed methane.
...
References
Bibliography
*
*
* {{cite LSA , last=Lillegraven , first=Jason A. , last2=Eberle , first2=Jaelyn J. , year=1999 , title=Vertebrate Faunal Changes through Lancian and Puercan Time in Southern Wyoming , url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1306768 , journal=
Journal of Paleontology
The ''Journal of Paleontology'' is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the field of paleontology. It is published by the Paleontological Society.
Indexing
The ''Journal of Paleontology'' is indexed in:
*BIOSIS Previews
*Science Citatio ...
, volume=73 , issue=4 , pages=691–710 , accessdate=2020-11-16
Geologic formations of Wyoming
Upper Cretaceous Series of North America
Paleogene United States
Maastrichtian Stage of North America
Danian Stage
Cretaceous–Paleogene boundary
Mudstone formations
Sandstone formations of the United States
Fluvial deposits
Deltaic deposits
Tidal deposits
Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of North America
Paleontology in Wyoming