Feng Xingxi

Feng Xingxi (馮行襲) (died July 31, 910 Academia Sinicabr>Chinese-Western Calendar Converter
''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 267.), courtesy name Zhengchen (正臣), formally Prince Zhongjing of Changle (長樂忠敬王), was a warlord late in the Chinese Tang Dynasty who later became a subject of the succeeding Later Liang state. He was tall and strong and known as "Green Face Feng" for his green birthmark on his face.

Background

It is not known when Feng Xingxi was born, but it is known that he was from Wudang (武當, in modern Shiyan, Hubei), and that he was known in his home territory for his strategies and his bravery.'' New Book of Tang'', vol. 186. At one point, he became an officer at Jun Prefecture (), which Wudang was part of.'' History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 15. In or shortly before 884, there was an incident where the agrarian rebel leader Sun Xi () gathered several thousand people and prepared to attack Jun Prefecture. The prefect Lü Ye () was panicking, but Feng reacted by hiding the troops and then personally, without escort, going to see Sun, to state to him:''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 256.

Sun was pleased and did not suspect Feng. Once Sun crossed the river, the Jun Prefecture soldiers all went to Sun, ostensibly to show respect. The soldiers that Feng had hidden then ambushed Sun, and Feng himself killed Sun and the few followers he had with him. His army, left north of the Han River, collapsed and fled. Following his success Feng also had Lü Ye expelled. When Liu Jurong () the military governor (''Jiedushi'') of Shannan East Circuit (山南東道, headquartered in modern Xiangyang, Hubei), which Jun Prefecture belonged to, reported this to then-reigning Emperor Xizong, who was then at Chengdu (the imperial capital Chang'an having fallen to the agrarian rebel Huang Chao at that time), Feng was commissioned as the prefect of Jun. Meanwhile, there were bandits to the west of Jun who frequently intercepted the tributes that the eastern circuits were submitting to Emperor Xizong at Chengdu. Feng attacked and killed them, to ensure that the tributes would properly reach Emperor Xizong. At one subsequent point, when Li Maozhen the military governor of Fengxiang Circuit (鳳翔, headquartered in modern Baoji, Shaanxi) sent his adoptive son Li Jizhen () to occupy Jin Prefecture (金州, in modern Ankang, Shaanxi), Feng attacked Li Jizhen and took over Jin. The emperor (either Emperor Xizong or his brother and successor Emperor Zhaozong) thereafter made the defender (防禦使, ''Fangyushi'') of a new Zhaoxin Circuit () with its capital at Jin Prefecture.''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 258.

As warlord in late Tang Dynasty

In 891, by which time the powerful eunuch Yang Fugong (who had helped Emperor Zhaozong become emperor after Emperor Xizong's death in 888''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 257.) had a fall out with Emperor Zhaozong and started a rebellion against Emperor Zhaozong with his adoptive sons and nephews Yang Shouliang, Yang Shouzhong (), Yang Shouzhen (), and Yang Shouhou (), Yang Shouliang wanted to try to attack Chang'an (where Emperor Zhaozong was at) through Feng Xingxi's territory, but Feng repelled his attack. (The Yangs were subsequently defeated by Li Maozhen.)''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 259.

In 898, the status of Zhaoxin Circuit was upgraded, as Feng was made a military governor.''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 261.

in 901, after a plan by Emperor Zhaozong and the chancellor Cui Yin to slaughter the eunuchs was discovered, the eunuch Han Quanhui forcibly took Emperor Zhaozong to Li Maozhen's Fengxiang Circuit. Cui summoned the powerful warlord Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng, Henan) to Chang'an, and Zhu subsequently put Fengxiang's capital Fengxiang Municipality under siege. During the siege, Han sent some 20 eunuchs through Jin Prefecture, intending to have them head to the southeastern circuits to order the military governors there to attack Zhu. By this point, though, Feng (whose circuit had been renamed Rongzhao Circuit () had already sent his deputy military governor Lu Chongju () to Zhu to submit to him, and when the eunuchs got to Jin Prefecture, Feng executed them and delivered the edicts that Han issued in Emperor Zhaozong's name that the eunuchs were carrying to Zhu.''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 262.

In 904, Feng was additionally appointed military governor of Wuding Circuit (武定, headquartered in modern Hanzhong, Shaanxi). While Zhu Quanzhong later attacked and conquered Shannan East Circuit (山南東道, headquartered in modern Xiangyang, Hubei) and Jingnan Circuit (荊南, headquartered in modern Jingzhou, Hubei), Feng Xingxi sent his son Feng Xu () to lead naval troops to Jun and Fang prefectures to gather with Zhu's troops.

In 905, Wang Jian the military governor of Xichuan Circuit (西川, headquartered in modern Chengdu, Sichuan) sent his adoptive son Wang Zonghe () to attack Rongzhao, and after Wang Zonghe achieved repeated victories against him, Feng abandoned Jin Prefecture and fled back to Jun Prefecture. Feng's officer Quan Shilang () surrendered Jin to Wang Zonghe. (Wang Jian subsequently made Quan the defender of Jin and adopted him, changing his name to Wang Zonglang () However, later in the year, after Wang Zonglang came to believe that he could not hold Jin, he burned the city and fled to Wang Jian's capital Chengdu. Feng retook it, but, finding it too damaged to serve as headquarters, received permission (probably from Zhu, as Emperor Zhaozong was well within Zhu's control by that point) to move the capital of the circuit to Jun Prefecture.''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 265.

In 906, Rongzhao Circuit was abolished by Zhu's order (as Zhu believed that the people of Jin Prefecture did not like Feng as their governor); its prefectures were merged into Zhongyi Circuit (忠義, i.e., Shannan East). Feng himself was transferred to be the military governor of Kuangguo Circuit (匡國, headquartered in modern Xuchang, Henan).

During Later Liang

After Zhu Quanzhong seized the throne in 907, ending Tang and starting a new Later Liang as its Emperor Taizu,''Zizhi Tongjian'', vol. 266. Feng Xingxi continued to serve under Later Liang. When Emperor Taizu was set to offer sacrifices to heaven and earth as an emperor, Feng offered to attend to him during the ceremony, and offered a large amount of tribute; in response, Emperor Taizu treated him with great respect. Emperor Taizu also created him the Prince of Changle.''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 42.

In 910, Feng fell gravely ill. Apparently fearing that Feng's soldiers (many of whom previously served under the major Tang rebel Qin Zongquan) or Feng's own family might try to seize control of Kuangguo Circuit, which was very close to the Later Liang capital Kaifeng, Emperor Taizu sent the imperial scholar Li Ting () to Kuangguo's capital Xu Prefecture to effectively take control of the circuit. Feng transferred his authorities to Li, and soon thereafter died.

Notes and references

* '' New Book of Tang'', vol. 186.
* '' History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 15.
* ''New History of the Five Dynasties'', vol. 42.
* ''Zizhi Tongjian'', vols. 256, 258, 261, 262, 265, 267.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Feng Xingxi
9th-century births
910 deaths
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Rongzhao Circuit
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Wuding Circuit
Tang dynasty jiedushi of Zhongwu Circuit
Later Liang (Five Dynasties) jiedushi of Kuangguo Circuit
Politicians from Shiyan
Tang dynasty politicians from Hubei
Tang dynasty generals from Hubei
Later Liang (Five Dynasties) people born during Tang