Felipe Padilla De León
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Felipe Padilla de León (May 1, 1912 – December 5, 1992) was a Filipino Romantical music composer, conductor, and scholar. He was known for composing different sonatas, marches and concertos that reflect the Filipino identity. De Leon was also recognized as a composer who experienced different regime change throughout the course of his lifetime. From the Commonwealth period up to the presidency of
Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (September 11, 1917 – September 28, 1989) was a Filipino lawyer, politician, dictator, and Kleptocracy, kleptocrat who served as the tenth president of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He ruled the c ...
, his music became a representation of Filipino ideals and aspirations throughout the ages of Philippine history.


Early life and career

De Leon was a native of Sitio Papaya, Peñaranda (now General Tinio), Nueva Ecija, the third of four children by the second marriage of his mother Natalia Padilla to Juan de Leon. His father died when he was three years old, leaving his mother to raise him and his elder half-brother, Pedro P. San Diego. Before becoming a musician, he took various odd jobs to support his family, such as a shoe polisher, carabao herder,
carriage A carriage is a two- or four-wheeled horse-drawn vehicle for passengers. In Europe they were a common mode of transport for the wealthy during the Roman Empire, and then again from around 1600 until they were replaced by the motor car around 1 ...
driver, and vendor of various items. In 1927, he took up Fine Arts at the
University of the Philippines The University of the Philippines (UP; ) is a Higher education in the Philippines#State universities and colleges, state university system in the Philippines. It is the country's national university, as mandated by List of Philippine laws, Re ...
, but he had to abandon his studies to make a living. He played the
trombone The trombone (, Italian, French: ''trombone'') is a musical instrument in the Brass instrument, brass family. As with all brass instruments, sound is produced when the player's lips vibrate inside a mouthpiece, causing the Standing wave, air c ...
in cabarets and circuses, and later worked as an assistant conductor of the Nueva Ecija High School Orchestra, where he started composing music. To improve his composing skills he again enrolled to the University of the Philippines, and graduated in 1939 with a diploma of music teacher and conductor. Much later, he continued his studies under Vittorio Giannini at the
Juilliard School The Juilliard School ( ) is a Private university, private performing arts music school, conservatory in New York City. Founded by Frank Damrosch as the Institute of Musical Art in 1905, the school later added dance and drama programs and became ...
in New York, U.S. De Leon married pianist Iluminada Mendoza with whom he had six children, including Bayani, a prominent composer, and Felipe Jr., a writer.


Promotion of Filipino nationalism


Commonwealth period

During the 1930s, there was a massive cultural movement of "Filipinism" among several Filipino artists. The reason for the movement was to promote nationalism to Filipinos and as a response to the cultural integration imposed by the
United States The United States of America (USA), also known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It is a federal republic of 50 U.S. state, states and a federal capital district, Washington, D.C. The 48 ...
. Raul Navarro, a professor at the UP College of Music, also pointed out that music education (both primary and secondary) became a means of
cultural homogenization Cultural homogenization is an aspect of cultural globalization, listed as one of its main characteristics, and refers to the reduction in cultural diversity through the popularization and diffusion of a wide array of cultural symbols—not onl ...
and
Americanization Americanization or Americanisation (see spelling differences) is the influence of the American culture and economy on other countries outside the United States, including their media, cuisine, business practices, popular culture, technology ...
of Filipinos during those period. Being affected by the said movement, De Leon, along with his fellow composer Lucio San Pedro, continued the nationalist tradition of Antonio Molina, Francisco Santiago, and Nicanor Abelardo by using the material from Filipino folk songs as the basis of their own created compositions. De Leon also wrote articles and publications highlighting the importance of music as an expression of nationalism.


Japanese occupation

During the outbreak of
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, De Leon was forced to compose national music for the invading Japanese. His song, "Payapang Daigdig" was also composed during this time period right after the destruction of Manila. After independence, De Leon soon composed the symphonic poems, "The Cry of Balintawak" and "Bataan" to commemorate the Filipinos who suffered under the Japanese occupation.


Post-war era

De Leon was dubbed "composer of 1949" and was granted fellowship by then Philippine vice president Fernando Lopez. In exchange, De Leon composed for the vice president two symphonic poem during his stay at the Lopez estate in Iloilo, Philippines namely ''Roca Encantanda'' and ''Siete Pecados''. During the 1950s, he revised the Tagalog lyrics of the Philippine national anthem. From 1953 to 1982, he became president of Pambansang Samahan ng mga Banda sa Pilipinas (PASAMBAP) and served as founding president of the Filipino Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (FILSCAP) from 1965 to 1985. In the mid-1960s, he served as the cultural affairs officer of Manila.


Awards and honors

* Republic Cultural Heritage Award . * Rizal Pro-Patria Award * Presidential Award of Merit * Patnubay ng Kalinangan Award * Composer of the Year (1949) * Musician of the Year (Manila, 1958) *
National Artist of the Philippines The Order of National Artists of the Philippines ( Tagalog: ''Orden ng mga Pambansang Alagad ng Sining ng Pilipinas'') is an order bestowed by the President of the Philippines on Philippine nationals who have made significant contributions to ...
(1997)


Selected works

Sources:Tiongson, Nicanor (Ed.). (1994). ''CCP Encyclopedia of Philippine Art'' (Vol. 6: Philippine music). Manila: Cultural Center of the Philippines.


Operas

*'' Noli Me Tangere'' (Touch Me Not), opera in 3 acts (1957) *'' El Filibusterismo'' (Subversion), opera (1970)


Concertos

* Konzertstück for Violin and Orchestra (c. 1950s) * Flute Concerto (1980)


Orchestral works

* Mariang Makiling Overture (1939) * Roca Encantada, symphonic legend (1950) * Maynila Overture (1976) * Tatlong Tunog Larawan (Three Sound Portraits), for orchestra (1976) * Orchesterstück (1981) * Manila Sketches for Orchestra (1949) * Bataan, tone poem (1947) * Cry of Balintawak, tone poem (1948) * Mga Katutubong Tanawin


Marches and other works for band

*" Awit sa Paglikha ng Bagong Pilipinas" (1942) *"Awit ng Maynila" (Song of Manila) *"Himno ng Marikina" (Marikina Hymn) (late 1960s) *" Bagong Pagsilang" (New Birth) (1973) * Tayo’y Magtanim (Let Us Plant) (1970s) * Ang Karomata (The Carriage) * Tindig, Aking Inang Bayan (Rise Up, My Motherland) * Fantasy for Trombone and Band * Mayumi Theme and Variations * Awit ng Serbisyo Sibil (Civil Service Hymn) * Philippine Constabulary March


Chamber

* Fantasy for four flutes and percussion


Songs

*" Noche Buena" (1965) *"Pasko Na Naman" (1965)


See also

* Diwa de Leon, Felipe's grandson composer


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Leon, Felipe Padilla de 1912 births 1992 deaths Filipino classical composers Filipino conductors (music) Juilliard School alumni Musicians from Nueva Ecija National Artists of the Philippines University of the Philippines alumni