The fauna of

Colombia Colombia (, ; ), officially the Republic of Colombia, is a country in South America with insular regions in North America—near Nicaragua's Caribbean coast—as well as in the Pacific Ocean. The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Car ...

is characterized by a high

biodiversity Biodiversity or biological diversity is the variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is a measure of variation at the genetic (''genetic variability''), species (''species diversity''), and ecosystem (''ecosystem diversity'') l ...

, with the highest rate of species by area unit worldwide.

Endemic animals

Colombia has the largest number of

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsew ...

species (species that are not found naturally anywhere else) worldwide. About 10% of the species in the world live in Colombia. Some determinant factors in the distribution range of the species are the

weather Weather is the state of the atmosphere, describing for example the degree to which it is hot or cold, wet or dry, calm or stormy, clear or cloudy. On Earth, most weather phenomena occur in the lowest layer of the planet's atmosphere, the ...

conditions,

temperature Temperature is a physical quantity that expresses quantitatively the perceptions of hotness and coldness. Temperature is measured with a thermometer. Thermometers are calibrated in various temperature scales that historically have relied o ...

humidity Humidity is the concentration of water vapor present in the air. Water vapor, the gaseous state of water, is generally invisible to the human eye. Humidity indicates the likelihood for precipitation, dew, or fog to be present. Humidity depe ...

and

sunlight Sunlight is a portion of the electromagnetic radiation given off by the Sun, in particular infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. On Earth, sunlight is scattered and filtered through Earth's atmosphere, and is obvious as daylight when t ...

availability. Endemics can easily become

endangered An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and inva ...

extinct Extinction is the termination of a kind of organism or of a group of kinds (taxon), usually a species. The moment of extinction is generally considered to be the death of the last individual of the species, although the capacity to breed and ...

due to their restricted habitat and vulnerability to the actions of man, including the

introduction Introduction, The Introduction, Intro, or The Intro may refer to: General use * Introduction (music), an opening section of a piece of music * Introduction (writing), a beginning section to a book, article or essay which states its purpose and g ...

of new organisms.

Ecoregions with high endemism

According to the Colombian Ministry of Environment, the following

ecoregions An ecoregion (ecological region) or ecozone (ecological zone) is an ecologically and geographically defined area that is smaller than a bioregion, which in turn is smaller than a biogeographic realm. Ecoregions cover relatively large areas of l ...

have the highest percentage of endemic species: * Cocora valley ( Quindío) *

Serranía de la Macarena Serranía de la Macarena is an isolated mountain range located in the Meta Department, Colombia. It was named after the Virgin of Hope of Macarena. The mountains are separated by about at their northern extreme from the East Andes. The range ...

(

Meta Department Meta () is a departments of Colombia, department of Colombia. It is close to the geographic center of the country, to the east of the Andean mountains. A large portion of the department, which is also crossed by the Meta River, is covered by a ...

) *

Gorgona, Colombia Gorgona is a Colombian island in the Pacific Ocean situated about off the Colombian Pacific coast. The island is long and wide, with a maximum height of and a total area of . Gorgona is separated from the continent by a deep underwater depre ...

(

island An island (or isle) is an isolated piece of habitat that is surrounded by a dramatically different habitat, such as water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island ...

in the

Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...

) *

Amacayacu National Park Amacayacu National Natural Park ( es, Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu) is a national park located along the Amazon River in the Amazonas Department in the south of Colombia. The word "Amacayacu" means "River of the Hamocs" in the indigeno ...

(

Amazonas Department Amazonas () is a department of Southern Colombia in the south of the country. It is the largest department in area while also having the 3rd smallest population. Its capital is Leticia and its name comes from the Amazon River, which drains t ...

)

Environmental issues

Birds

Over 1800 species of birds have been described in Colombia, (more than the number of existent bird species in

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

and

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

combined). Some of the bird species in Colombia are: *

American redstart The American redstart (''Setophaga ruticilla'') is a New World warbler. It is unrelated to the Old World (common) redstart. Taxonomy The American redstart was described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758 in the 10th edition of his ''Systema Naturae'' un ...

Groove-billed ani The groove-billed ani (''Crotophaga sulcirostris'') is a tropical bird in the cuckoo family with a long tail and a large, curved beak. It is a resident species throughout most of its range, from southern Texas, central Mexico and The Bahamas, thr ...

* Spotted antbird * White-plumed antbird * Antioquia bristle-tyrant * Northern slaty-antshrike * Blackish-grey antshrike *

Black-faced antthrush The black-faced antthrush (''Formicarius analis''), is a species of passerine bird in the family Formicariidae. Taxonomy The black-faced antthrush was formally described in 1837 by the French naturalists Alcide d'Orbigny and Frédéric de Lafr ...

White-flanked antwren The white-flanked antwren (''Myrmotherula axillaris'') is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds". It is found from Honduras to Panama in Central America, in every mainland South American c ...

Galapagos penguin The Galápagos penguin (''Spheniscus mendiculus'') is a penguin endemic to the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. It is the only penguin found north of the equator. Most inhabit Fernandina Island and the west coast of Isabela Island. The cool wate ...

* Checker-throated stipplethroat *

Apical flycatcher The apical flycatcher (''Myiarchus apicalis'') is a species of bird in the family Tyrannidae. It is endemic to Colombia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and arid and semi-arid open areas. Taxonomy The species was f ...

Apolinar's wren Apolinar's wren (''Cistothorus apolinari'') is a passerine bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Colombia. Taxonomy and systematics Apolinar's wren has two subspecies, the nominate ''Cistothorus apolinari apolinari'' and ''C. ...

* Argus bare-eye * Cinnamon attila * Band-tailed barbthroat * Pale-tailed barbthroat *

Baudó oropendola The Baudó oropendola (''Psarocolius cassini'') is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is endemic to Colombia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, which are threatened by destruction. As it is only know ...

* Beautiful woodpecker * Bearded bellbird *

Black-and-gold tanager The black-and-gold tanager (''Bangsia melanochlamys'') is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae. It is endemic to Colombia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss Habita ...

Black-chested buzzard-eagle The black-chested buzzard-eagle (''Geranoaetus melanoleucus'') is a bird of prey of the hawk and eagle family (Accipitridae). It lives in open regions of South America. This species is also known as the black buzzard-eagle, the gray buzzard-eag ...

* Black-mandibled toucan * Blackish tapaculo * Bogotá rail * Empress brilliant * Fawn-breasted brilliant * Brown-banded antpitta * Buff-breasted mountain-tanager *

Red-rumped cacique The red-rumped cacique (''Cacicus haemorrhous'') is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. It is a species of the Amazon Basin and the Guyanas in northern South America, and is only coastal there in the Guyanas and the Amazon River outlet to ...

* Scarlet-rumped cacique * Red-capped cardinal *

Grey catbird The gray catbird (''Dumetella carolinensis''), also spelled grey catbird, is a medium-sized North American and Central American perching bird of the mimid family. It is the only member of the "catbird" genus ''Dumetella''. Like the black catbird ...

Little chachalaca The little chachalaca (''Ortalis motmot'') is a bird in the family Cracidae, the chachalacas, guans, and curassows. It is found in Brazil, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela and possibly Colombia.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. B ...

Rufous-vented chachalaca The rufous-vented chachalaca (''Ortalis ruficauda'') is a member of an ancient group of birds of the family Cracidae, which are related to the Australasian mound builders. It inhabits northeast Colombia and northern Venezuela where it is called g ...

* Chestnut-bellied flower-piercer * Chestnut-capped piha *

Chestnut-mandibled toucan The chestnut-mandibled toucan or Swainson's toucan (''Ramphastos ambiguus swainsonii'') is a subspecies of the yellow-throated toucan which breeds from eastern Honduras to northern Colombia to western Ecuador. Taxonomy and systematics The scien ...

* Choco toucan *

Chocó vireo The Chocó vireo (''Vireo masteri'') is a species of bird in the family Vireonidae that was discovered by Paul Salaman in 1991 and described in 1996. It is found in western Colombia and has recently been found in north-west Ecuador. Its natural h ...

Clapper rail The clapper rail (''Rallus crepitans'') is a member of the rail family, Rallidae. The taxonomy for this species is confusing and still being determined. It is a large brown rail that is resident in wetlands along the Atlantic coasts of the easte ...

Andean cock-of-the-rock The Andean cock-of-the-rock (''Rupicola peruvianus''), also known as ''tunki'' (Quechua), is a large passerine bird of the cotinga family native to Andean cloud forests in South America. It is widely regarded as the national bird of Peru. It has ...

Guianan cock-of-the-rock The Guianan cock-of-the-rock (''Rupicola rupicola'') is a species of cotinga, a passerine bird from South America. It is about in length and weighs about . It is found in tropical rainforests, near its preferred habitat of rocky outcrops. The f ...

* Collared trogon * Festive coquette * Spangled coquette * Buff-tailed coronet * Velvet-purple coronet * Pompadour cotinga *

Bronzed cowbird The bronzed cowbird (''Molothrus aeneus''), once known as the red-eyed cowbird, is a small icterid. They breed from the U.S. states of California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, and Louisiana south through Central America to Panama. They tend to b ...

Crested ant-tanager The crested ant tanager (''Habia cristata'') is a bird in the family Cardinalidae. It is endemic to Colombia. Taxonomy and systematics The crested ant tanager was originally placed in family Thraupidae, the "true" tanagers. In the early 2000 ...

* Cundinamarca antpitta * Great curassow *

Dickcissel The dickcissel (''Spiza americana'') is a small seed-eating migratory bird in the family Cardinalidae. It breeds on the prairie grasslands of the Midwestern United States and winters in Central America, northern Colombia, and northern Venezuel ...

Black-capped donacobius The black-capped donacobius (''Donacobius atricapilla'') is a conspicuous, vocal South American bird. It is found in tropical swamps and wetlands in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, a ...

Common ground dove The common ground dove (''Columbina passerina'') is a small bird that inhabits the southern United States, parts of Central America, the Caribbean and northern South America. It is considered to be the smallest dove that inhabits the United Stat ...

Grey-fronted dove The grey-fronted dove (''Leptotila rufaxilla'') is a large New World tropical dove. It is found on Trinidad and in every mainland South American country except Chile.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D ...

Mourning dove The mourning dove (''Zenaida macroura'') is a member of the dove family, Columbidae. The bird is also known as the American mourning dove, the rain dove, and colloquially as the turtle dove, and was once known as the Carolina pigeon and Caroli ...

White-tipped dove The white-tipped dove (''Leptotila verreauxi'') is a large New World tropical dove. Its scientific name commemorates the French naturalists Jules and Edouard Verreaux. Distribution and habitat The dove is a resident breeder from southernmost ...

* Dusky-headed brush-finch * American harpy eagle *

Crested eagle The crested eagle (''Morphnus guianensis'') is a large Neotropical eagle. It is the only member of the genus ''Morphnus''. The crested eagle can grow up to long, with a wingspan up to , and weigh up to . The plumage varies between a light br ...

* Forest elaenia * Yellow-crowned elaenia * Andean emerald *

Blue-tailed emerald The blue-tailed emerald (''Chlorostilbon mellisugus'') is a hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in tropical and subtropical South America east of the Andes from Colombia east to the Guianas and ...

Glittering-throated emerald The glittering-throated emerald (''Chionomesa fimbriata'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, the Guianas, Peru, and Venezuela.HBW and Bir ...

Versicolored emerald The versicoloured emerald (''Chrysuronia versicolor'') is a species of hummingbird from central and eastern South America. Taxonomy The taxonomy is very complex and remains a matter of dispute. The nominate subspecies (''C. v. versicolor'') oc ...

* Euler's flycatcher * Orange-bellied euphonia *

Purple-crowned fairy The purple-crowned fairy (''Heliothryx barroti'') is a species of hummingbird in the subfamily Polytminae, the mangoes. It is found from southeastern Mexico south into northern Peru.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the Birds ...

Laughing falcon The laughing falcon (''Herpetotheres cachinnans''), also called the snake hawk (erroneously, since it is not a hawk), is a medium-sized bird of prey in the falcon family ( Falconidae), the only member of the genus ''Herpetotheres''. This Neotro ...

* Flame-winged parakeet *

Acadian flycatcher The Acadian flycatcher (''Empidonax virescens'') is a small insect-eating bird of the tyrant flycatcher family. Description Adults have olive upperparts, darker on the wings and tail, with whitish underparts; they have a white eye ring, white ...

* Fuscous flycatcher *

Great crested flycatcher The great crested flycatcher (''Myiarchus crinitus'') is a large insect-eating bird of the tyrant flycatcher family. It is the most widespread member of the genus ''Myiarchus'' in North America, and is found over most of the eastern and mid-weste ...

* Ruddy-tailed flycatcher *

Sulphur-bellied flycatcher The sulphur-bellied flycatcher (''Myiodynastes luteiventris'') is a large tyrant flycatcher. This bird breeds from southeasternmost Arizona of the United States (the Madrean sky islands region of Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and northern S ...

* Orange-breasted fruiteater * Black-faced hawk *

Common black hawk The common black hawk (''Buteogallus anthracinus'') is a bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes the eagles, hawks, and Old World vultures. Description The adult common black-hawk is long and weighs on average. It has very ...

Bronzy hermit The bronzy hermit (''Glaucis aeneus'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Panama. Taxonomy and systematics The bronzy hermit and the rufous-breaste ...

Great-billed hermit The great-billed hermit (''Phaethornis malaris'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bon ...

Green hermit The green hermit (''Phaethornis guy'') is a large hummingbird that is a resident breeder from southern Central America ( Costa Rica and Panama) south to northern South America (north-eastern Venezuela and Trinidad, and the northern Andes of east ...

* Grey-chinned hermit *

Long-billed hermit The long-billed hermit (''Phaethornis longirostris'') is a bird in the family Trochilidae, the hummingbirds. It is found from central Mexico south through Central America, Colombia and Ecuador into Peru. Taxonomy and systematics It has often ...

Reddish hermit The reddish hermit (''Phaethornis ruber'') is a species of bird in the family Trochilidae, the hummingbirds. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, and the Guianas. Taxonomy and systematics In 1743 the English nat ...

Rufous-breasted hermit The rufous-breasted hermit or hairy hermit (''Glaucis hirsutus'') is a hummingbird that breeds from Panama south to Bolivia, and on Trinidad, Tobago and Grenada. It is a widespread and generally common species, though local populations may cha ...

* Sooty-capped hermit *

Stripe-throated hermit The stripe-throated hermit (''Phaethornis striigularis'') is a species of hummingbird from Central America and north-western South America. It is generally fairly common and considered Least Concern by BirdLife International. Description and sys ...

* Tawny-bellied hermit *

White-whiskered hermit The white-whiskered hermit (''Phaethornis yaruqui'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia and Ecuador. Taxonomy and systematics The white-whiskered hermit is monotypic. The western Colombia population ...

* Zigzag heron *

Purple honeycreeper The purple honeycreeper (''Cyanerpes caeruleus'') is a small Neotropical bird in the tanager family Thraupidae. It is found in the tropical New World from Colombia and Venezuela south to Brazil, and on Trinidad. A few, possibly introduced birds h ...

Giant hummingbird The giant hummingbird (''Patagona gigas'') is the only member of the genus ''Patagona'' and the largest member of the hummingbird family, weighing and having a wingspan of approximately and length of . This is approximately the same length as ...

Green-bellied hummingbird The green-bellied hummingbird (''Saucerottia viridigaster'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the B ...

Indigo-capped hummingbird The indigo-capped hummingbird (''Saucerottia cyanifrons'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Colombia. Taxonomy and systematics The indigo-capped hummingbird was formerl ...

* Ruby-topaz hummingbird *

Rufous-tailed hummingbird The rufous-tailed hummingbird (''Amazilia tzacatl'') is a medium-sized hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found from east-central Mexico through Central America and Colombia into Ecuador and Venez ...

* Snowy-breasted hummingbird * Speckled hummingbird *

Steely-vented hummingbird The steely-vented hummingbird (''Saucerottia saucerottei'') is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela. Taxonomy and systematics The steely-vented hummingbir ...

* Violet-bellied hummingbird *

Buff-necked ibis The buff-necked ibis (''Theristicus caudatus''), also known as the white-throated ibis, is a fairly large ibis found widely in open habitats of eastern and northern South America. It formerly included the similar black-faced ibis as a subspecies ...

* Brown inca * Collared inca *

Bronzy jacamar The bronzy jacamar (''Galbula leucogastra'') is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It occurs in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.Tobias, J., T. Züchner, T.A. de Melo Júnior, and G. M. Kirw ...

Green-tailed jacamar The green-tailed jacamar (''Galbula galbula'') is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It is native to Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.Tobias, J., T. Züchner, and T.A. de Melo Júnior (2020). Green-ta ...

* Pale-headed jacamar *

Paradise jacamar The paradise jacamar (''Galbula dea'') is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.Tobias, J., T. Züchner, T.A. de Melo Júnior, G. M. Kirwan, and ...

Rufous-tailed jacamar The rufous-tailed jacamar (''Galbula ruficauda'') is a near-passerine bird which breeds in the tropical New World in southern Mexico, Central America and South America as far south as southern Brazil and Ecuador. Description Like other jacamar ...

Yellow-billed jacamar The yellow-billed jacamar (''Galbula albirostris'') is a species of bird in the family Galbulidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Taxonomy and systematics The yellow-billed j ...

White-necked jacobin The white-necked jacobin (''Florisuga mellivora'') is a medium-size hummingbird that ranges from Mexico south through Central America and northern South America into Brazil, Peru and Bolivia. It is also found in Trinidad & Tobago. Other common ...

Green jay The green jay (''Cyanocorax luxuosus'') is a species of the New World jays, and is found in Central America. Adults are about long and variable in colour across their range; they usually have blue and black heads, green wings and mantle, bluish- ...

American pygmy kingfisher The American pygmy kingfisher (''Chloroceryle aenea'') is a species of "water kingfisher" in subfamily Cerylinae of family Alcedinidae. It is found in the American tropics from southern Mexico south through Central America into every mainland ...

Great kiskadee The great kiskadee (''Pitangus sulphuratus''), called ''bem-te-vi'' in Brazil and ''benteveo'' in Argentina, is a passerine bird in the tyrant flycatcher family Tyrannidae. It is the only member of the genus ''Pitangus''. It breeds in open woodl ...

* Long-wattled umbrellabird *

Blue-backed manakin The blue-backed manakin (''Chiroxiphia pareola'') is a small passerine bird which breeds in tropical South America, its range extending from Colombia and Tobago to southeastern Brazil. It is found in deciduous forests but not evergreen rainforest ...

Lance-tailed manakin The lance-tailed manakin (''Chiroxiphia lanceolata'') is a small passerine bird which breeds in tropical Central and South America from Costa Rica to northern Venezuela. This manakin is a fairly common bird of dry and moist deciduous forests, b ...

Wire-tailed manakin The wire-tailed manakin (''Pipra filicauda'') is a species of bird in the family Pipridae. It forms a superspecies with both the Band-tailed Manakin (''Pipra fasciicauda'') and the Crimson-hooded Manakin (''Pipra aureola''). It is found upriver ...

* Green-breasted mango * Tyrian metaltail *

Tropical mockingbird The tropical mockingbird (''Mimus gilvus'') is a resident breeding bird from southern Mexico to northern and eastern South America and in the Lesser Antilles and other Caribbean islands. Taxonomy and systematics The tropical mockingbird has so ...

Amazonian motmot The Amazonian motmot (''Momotus momota'') is a colorful near-passerine bird in the family Momotidae. It is found in the Amazon lowlands and low Andean foothills from eastern Venezuela to eastern Brazil and northeastern Argentina. Taxonomy an ...

Andean motmot The Andean motmot or highland motmot (''Momotus aequatorialis'') is a colorful near-passerine bird found from northern Colombia to western Bolivia. Taxonomy and systematics The Andean motmot and the blue-capped (''Momotus coeruleiceps''), ...

Whooping motmot The whooping motmot (''Momotus subrufescens'') is a colorful near-passerine bird in the family Momotidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela. Taxonomy and systematics The whooping motmot and the blue-capped (''Mo ...

Rufous motmot The rufous motmot (''Baryphthengus martii'') is a near-passerine bird in the family Momotidae. It is found from northeastern Honduras south to western Ecuador, northern Bolivia, and western Brazil.Master, T. L. (2020). Rufous Motmot (''Barypht ...

* Mountain grackle * Moustached brush-finch * Multicoloured tanager *

Niceforo's wren Niceforo's wren (''Thryophilus nicefori'') is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Colombia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical high-altitude dry shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss. In Spanish th ...

Lesser nighthawk The lesser nighthawk (''Chordeiles acutipennis'') is a nightjar found throughout a large part of the Americas. The adults are dark with brown, grey and white patterning on the upperparts and breast; the long upperwings are black and show a whit ...

* Northern helmeted curassow *

Brown nunlet The brown nunlet (''Nonnula brunnea'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, ...

Rusty-breasted nunlet The rusty-breasted nunlet (''Nonnula rubecula'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Venezuel ...

Oilbird The oilbird (''Steatornis caripensis''), locally known as the , is a bird species found in the northern areas of South America including the Caribbean island of Trinidad. It is the only species in the genus ''Steatornis'', the family Steatornith ...

Baltimore oriole The Baltimore oriole (''Icterus galbula'') is a small icterid blackbird common in eastern North America as a migratory breeding bird. It received its name from the resemblance of the male's colors to those on the coat-of-arms of 17th century L ...

Orchard oriole The orchard oriole (''Icterus spurius'') is the smallest species of icterid. The subspecies of the Caribbean coast of Mexico, ''I. s. fuertesi'', is sometimes considered a separate species, the ochre oriole or Fuertes's oriole. Description Mea ...

* South American yellow oriole * Pale-legged warbler * Parker's antbird *

Mealy amazon The mealy amazon has been split into the following species: * Southern mealy amazon, ''Amazona farinosa'' * Northern mealy amazon The northern mealy amazon or northern mealy parrot (''Amazona guatemalae'') is among the largest parrots in the genu ...

Yellow-eared parrot The yellow-eared parrot (''Ognorhynchus icterotis'') is an endangered parrot of the tropics in South America. It is found in the Andes of Colombia. This species was thought to be extinct up until April 1999, when a group of researchers that were ...

Green-rumped parrotlet The green-rumped parrotlet (''Forpus passerinus'') is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae that is found in northeastern South America and the Caribbean island of Trinidad. The green-rumped parrotlet occurs from northern Venezuela eastwa ...

Western wood pewee The western wood pewee (''Contopus sordidulus'') is a small tyrant flycatcher. Adults are gray-olive on the upperparts with light underparts, washed with olive on the breast. They have two wing bars and a dark bill with yellow at the base of the ...

* Black phoebe *

Band-tailed pigeon The band-tailed pigeon (''Patagioenas fasciata'') is a medium-sized bird of the Americas. Its closest relatives are the Chilean pigeon and the ring-tailed pigeon, which form a clade of ''Patagioenas'' with a terminal tail band and iridescent pl ...

Ruddy pigeon The ruddy pigeon (''Patagioenas subvinacea'') is a largish pigeon which breeds from Costa Rica south to western Ecuador, Bolivia, and central Brazil. It belongs to a clade of small and rather plain species of ''Patagioenas'' with characteristi ...

Short-billed pigeon The short-billed pigeon (''Patagioenas nigrirostris'')Johnson, Kevin P.; de Kort, Selvino; Dinwoodey, Karen, Mateman, A. C.; ten Cate, Carel; Lessells, C. M. & Clayton, Dale H. (2001): A molecular phylogeny of the dove genera ''Streptopelia'' and ...

Collared puffbird The collared puffbird (''Bucco capensis'') is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.Remsen, J. V ...

* Russet-throated puffbird *

White-necked puffbird The white-necked puffbird (''Notharchus hyperrhynchus'') is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is found in Mexico, Central America, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.Remse ...

Colorful puffleg The colorful puffleg (''Eriocnemis mirabilis'') is an Endangered species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Colombia.HBW and BirdLife International (2020) ''Handbook of the Birds o ...

Gorgeted puffleg The gorgeted puffleg (''Eriocnemis isabellae'') is a Critically Endangered species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Colombia. It was discovered in 2005 and confirmed as a species ...

Golden-headed quetzal The golden-headed quetzal or corequenque (''Pharomachrus auriceps'') is a strikingly coloured bird in the genus ''Pharomachrus''; it is also referred to as ''Trogon auriceps''. It is found in moist mid-elevation forests from eastern Panama to nor ...

White-tipped quetzal The white-tipped quetzal (''Pharomachrus fulgidus'') is a species of bird in the family Trogonidae found in Venezuela, Colombia, and Guyana. Two subspecies have been described. ''Pharomachrus fulgidus fulgidus'' is found in the mountains of nort ...

* Booted racket-tail *

Red-bellied grackle The red-bellied grackle (''Hypopyrrhus pyrohypogaster'') is a species of bird in the family Icteridae. Its genus, ''Hypopyrrhus'', is monotypic. One of the grackles, it is endemic to Colombia where its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical ...

Royal flycatcher The royal flycatchers are a genus, ''Onychorhynchus'', of passerine birds in the family Tityridae. Names The specific name (zoology), specific epithet of the type species, ''coronatus'', and the common name of all the species in this genus, ro ...

* Rufous-breasted wren * Rufous-fronted parakeet * Rufous-tailed antthrush * Rusty-headed spinetail *

Santa Marta antpitta The Santa Marta antpitta (''Grallaria bangsi'') is a species of bird in the family Grallariidae. It is endemic to Colombia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss. Description The Sa ...

* Santa Marta brush-finch * Santa Marta bush-tyrant * Santa Marta mountain-tanager *

Santa Marta parakeet The Santa Marta parakeet (''Pyrrhura viridicata'') is a species of parrot in the family Psittacidae. It is endemic to Colombia. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. Foraging b ...

Santa Marta tapaculo The Santa Marta tapaculo (''Scytalopus sanctaemartae'') is a species of bird in the family Rhinocryptidae. It is endemic to the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of Colombia.Krabbe, N. and T. S. Schulenberg (2020). Santa Marta Tapaculo (''Scytalopu ...

Santa Marta warbler The Santa Marta warbler (''Myiothlypis basilica'') is a species of bird in the family Parulidae. It is endemic to the Santa Marta Mountains in Colombia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and heavily degraded ...

Santa Marta wren The Santa Marta wren (''Troglodytes monticola'') is a species of bird in the family Troglodytidae. It is endemic to Colombia. Taxonomy and systematics The Santa Marta wren has often been treated a subspecies of mountain wren (''Troglodytes ...

* Blue-chinned sapphire *

Scarlet macaw The scarlet macaw (''Ara macao'') is a large red, yellow, and blue Central and South American parrot, a member of a large group of Neotropical parrots called macaws. It is native to humid evergreen forests of the Neotropics. Its range extends from ...

* Black-necked screamer *

Horned screamer The horned screamer (''Anhima cornuta'') is a member of a small family of birds, the Anhimidae, which occurs in wetlands of tropical South America. There are three screamer species, the other two being the southern screamer and the northern scr ...

Variable seedeater The variable seedeater (''Sporophila corvina'') is a passerine bird which breeds from southern Mexico through Central America to the Chocó of northwestern South America. The taxonomy is confusing, and it was formerly considered a subspecies of ...

Buff-tailed sicklebill : Epimachus albertisi'', a bird-of-paradise from New Guinea, is also sometimes called "buff-tailed sicklebill".'' The buff-tailed sicklebill (''Eutoxeres condamini'') is a species of hermit hummingbird from the lower Andes and adjacent west Ama ...

White-tipped sicklebill The white-tipped sicklebill (''Eutoxeres aquila'') is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. ...

* Silvery-throated spinetail *

Red siskin The red siskin (''Spinus cucullatus'') is a small endangered finch native to tropical South America - in northern Colombia, northern Venezuela (where it is called the "cardenalito") and Guyana. It was common in the early 20th century, occurring ...

* Yellow-bellied siskin * Sooty ant-tanager *

Sooty-capped puffbird The sooty-capped puffbird (''Bucco noanamae'') is a species of bird in the family Bucconidae, the puffbirds, nunlets, and nunbirds. It is endemic to Colombia. Taxonomy and systematics Some authors placed the sooty-capped puffbird in genus ''Ny ...

* Orange-billed sparrow *

Blue-tufted starthroat The blue-tufted starthroat (''Heliomaster furcifer'') is a species of hummingbird in the "mountain gems", tribe Lampornithini in subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay and possibly Ecu ...

Long-billed starthroat The long-billed starthroat (''Heliomaster longirostris'') is a species of hummingbird in the "mountain gems", tribe Lampornithini in subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Mexico, Central America, Trinidad, and all but the four southernmost coun ...

Black storm-petrel The black storm petrel (''Hydrobates melania'') is a small seabird of the storm petrel family Hydrobatidae. It is 23 cm in length, with a wingspan of 46–51 cm. The species breeds seabird colony, colonially on islands off the souther ...

* Least storm-petrel * Streak-capped spinetail * Gorgeted sunangel * Orange-throated sunangel *

Tree swallow The tree swallow (''Tachycineta bicolor'') is a migratory bird of the family Hirundinidae. Found in the Americas, the tree swallow was first described in 1807 by French ornithologist Louis Vieillot as ''Hirundo bicolor''. It has since been mov ...

* Swallow-wing *

Short-tailed swift The short-tailed swift (''Chaetura brachyura'') is a bird in the Apodidae, or swift family. Taxonomy The species was first formally described as ''Acanthylis brachyura'' in 1846 by the Scottish naturalist Sir William Jardine, based on the obs ...

Sick's swift Sick's swift (''Chaetura meridionalis'') is a species of Swift (bird), swift in the family Apodidae. It was previously considered conspecific with the smaller ashy-tailed swift, but a study published in 1997 found that Sick's swift was closer to ...

* Violet-tailed sylph *

Blue-grey tanager The blue-gray tanager (''Thraupis episcopus'') is a medium-sized South American songbird of the tanager family, Thraupidae. Its range is from Mexico south to northeast Bolivia and northern Brazil, all of the Amazon Basin, except the very south. It ...

Fulvous-crested tanager The fulvous-crested tanager (''Tachyphonus surinamus'') is a species of bird in the family Thraupidae, the tanagers. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. Its natural habitat is subtropic ...

Olive tanager The olive tanager (''Chlorothraupis carmioli''), also known as Carmiol's tanager, is a species of bird traditionally placed in the family Thraupidae (tanagers), though molecular evidence indicates it should be placed in Cardinalidae (cardinals). T ...

* Paradise tanager *

Scarlet tanager The scarlet tanager (''Piranga olivacea'') is a medium-sized American songbird. Until recently, it was placed in the tanager family (Thraupidae), but it and other members of its genus are now classified as belonging to the cardinal family (Cardin ...

* Turquoise tanager *

White-shouldered tanager The white-shouldered tanager (''Loriotus luctuosus'') is a medium-sized passerine bird. This tanager is a resident breeder from Honduras to Panama, South America south to Ecuador and southern Brazil, and on Trinidad. It occurs in forests and The ...

* Green thorntail * Wire-crested thorntail * Spectacled thrush * Wood thrush * Barred tinamou *

Berlepsch's tinamou Berlepsch's tinamou (''Crypturellus berlepschi'') is a type of ground bird found in moist forestBirdLife International (2008) in northwestern Colombia and northwestern Ecuador.Clements, J (2007) Taxonomy The Berlepsch's tinamou is a monotypic s ...

Black tinamou The black tinamou (''Tinamus osgoodi'') is a species of ground bird found in humid foothill and montane forest in the Andes of South America. Taxonomy All tinamous are from the family Tinamidae and members of the infraclass Palaeognathae. Ti ...

* Brown tinamou *

Choco tinamou The Choco tinamou or Chocó tinamou (''Crypturellus kerriae'') is a type of tinamou found in lowland forest and montane forest in subtropical and tropical regions of Colombia and Panama. Description The Choco tinamou is approximately in length. ...

Cinereous tinamou The cinereous tinamou (''Crypturellus cinereus''), also known as brushland tinamou, is a type of ground bird found in swamp and lowland forests in northern South America. They have some localized names that have been used by the indigenous people ...

* Colombian tinamou *

Great tinamou The great tinamou (''Tinamus major'') is a species of tinamou ground bird native to Central and South America. There are several subspecies, mostly differentiated by their coloration. Taxonomy The great tinamou was described and illustrated in 1 ...

Grey tinamou The grey tinamou (''Tinamus tao'') is a type of ground bird native to South America. Four subspecies are recognised. Taxonomy All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also ratites. All ratites evolved from prehis ...

Grey-legged tinamou The grey-legged tinamou (''Crypturellus duidae''), alternatively, the gray-legged tinamou, is a small ground-dwelling bird endemic to the Neotropical realm, neotropics. It is a rarely seen bird due to its small size and discreet appearance. Taxo ...

Highland tinamou The highland tinamou or Bonaparte's tinamou (''Nothocercus bonapartei'') is a type of ground bird found in montane moist forest typically over altitude. Taxonomy All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also ratit ...

Little tinamou The little tinamou (''Crypturellus soui'') is a species of tinamou. It is found in Central America, Central and South America, as well as on the Caribbean island of Trinidad. Etymology ''Crypturellus'' is formed from three Latin or Greek languag ...

Magdalena tinamou The Magdalena tinamou, ''Crypturellus erythropus saltuarius'', is a member of one of the most ancient bird families, the tinamous. It is endemic to the Magdalena River Valley in Colombia, and had been considered possibly extinct, because of ...

Red-legged tinamou The red-legged tinamou or red-footed tinamou, (''Crypturellus erythropus'') is a ground-dwelling bird found in the tropics and lower subtropics of northern South America.Clements, J (2007) Description The red-legged tinamou is superficially sim ...

Rusty tinamou The rusty tinamou or short-billed tinamou (''Crypturellus brevirostris'') is a type of tinamou commonly found in swamp forest in tropical regions of South America.Clements, J (2007) Taxonomy The rusty tinamou is a monotypic species. All tinamou ...

Tawny-breasted tinamou The tawny-breasted tinamou (''Nothocercus julius'') is a type of ground bird found in montane moist forest. Their range is northwestern South America.Clemenst, J. (2007) Taxonomy All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger sche ...

Undulated tinamou The undulated tinamou (''Crypturellus undulatus'') is a species of ground bird found in a wide range of wooded habitats in eastern and northern South America. Etymology Its generic name ''Crypturellus'' is formed from three Latin or Greek words ...

Variegated tinamou The variegated tinamou (''Crypturellus variegatus'') a type of tinamou commonly found in moist forest lowlands in subtropical and tropical regions of northern South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere ...

White-throated tinamou The white-throated tinamou (''Tinamus guttatus'') is a species of bird native to the Amazon rainforest of Brazil, northern Bolivia, southeastern Colombia, northeastern Ecuador, eastern Peru and southern Venezuela. Etymology The scientific nam ...

Tolima dove The Tolima dove (''Leptotila conoveri'') is a species of bird in the family Columbidae. It is endemic to Colombia. Taxonomy and systematics The Tolima dove is monotypic. It is closely related to the grey-chested dove (''Leptotila cassinii'' ...

Channel-billed toucan The channel-billed toucan (''Ramphastos vitellinus'') is a near-passerine bird in the family Ramphastidae found on the Caribbean island of Trinidad and in tropical South America as far south as southern Brazil and central Bolivia. Taxonomy and ...

Keel-billed toucan The keel-billed toucan (''Ramphastos sulfuratus''), also known as sulfur-breasted toucan or rainbow-billed toucan, is a colorful Latin American member of the toucan family. It is the national bird of Belize. The species is found in tropical jungl ...

White-throated toucan The white-throated toucan (''Ramphastos tucanus'') is a near-passerine bird in the family Ramphastidae found in South America throughout the Amazon Basin including the adjacent Tocantins and Araguaia River drainage. It prefers tropical h ...

Emerald toucanet The emerald toucanet (''Aulacorhynchus prasinus'') is a species of near-passerine bird in the toucan family Ramphastidae. It is found from Mexico to Nicaragua. Taxonomy and systematics The emerald toucanet was originally described in the genu ...

* Groove-billed toucanet *

Slaty-tailed trogon The slaty-tailed trogon (''Trogon massena'') is a near passerine bird in the family Trogonidae, the quetzals and trogons. It is found in Mexico, throughout Central America, and in Colombia and Ecuador. Taxonomy and systematics Three subspecie ...

Grey-winged trumpeter The grey-winged trumpeter (''Psophia crepitans'') is a member of a small family of birds, the Psophiidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonacco ...

* Buffy tuftedcheek * Streaked tuftedcheek * Turquoise dacnis *

Turquoise-throated puffleg The turquoise-throated puffleg (''Eriocnemis godini''), also known as Godin's puffleg, is a species of hummingbird from Ecuador. It is mostly green with blue undertail coverts and white powder-puffs of downy feathers on the legs, and the male has ...

* Southern beardless tyrannulet * Upper Magdalena tapaculo *

Velvet-fronted euphonia The velvet-fronted euphonia (''Euphonia concinna'') is a species of bird in the family Fringillidae, having recently been moved there from the Thraupidae. It is endemic to Colombia. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests an ...

Violaceous trogon Violaceous trogon has been split into the following species: * Guianan trogon, ''Trogon violaceus'' * Gartered trogon, ''Trogon caligatus'' * Amazonian trogon The Amazonian trogon (''Trogon ramonianus''), is a species of bird in the family T ...

Brown violetear The brown violetear (''Colibri delphinae'') is a large hummingbird that breeds at middle elevations in the mountains in Central America, and western and northern South America (primarily the Andes and the tepuis) with isolated populations on Trin ...

Lesser violetear The lesser violetear (''Colibri cyanotus''), also known as the mountain violet-ear, is a medium-sized, metallic green hummingbird species commonly found in forested areas from Costa Rica to northern South America. This species and the Mexican ...

Sparkling violetear The sparkling violetear (''Colibri coruscans'') is a species of hummingbird widespread in highlands of northern and western South America, including a large part of the Andes (from Argentina and northwards), the Venezuelan Coastal Range, and th ...

Black-and-white warbler The black-and-white warbler (''Mniotilta varia'') is a species of New World warbler, and the only member of its genus, ''Mniotilta''. It breeds in northern and eastern North America and winters in Florida, Central America, and the West Indies do ...

Black-throated green warbler The black-throated green warbler (''Setophaga virens'') is a small songbird of the New World warbler family. Description It has an olive-green crown, a yellow face with olive markings, a thin pointed bill, white wing bars, an olive-green back an ...

Blackpoll warbler The blackpoll warbler (''Setophaga striata'') is a New World warbler. Breeding males are mostly black and white. They have a prominent black cap, white cheeks and white wing bars. The blackpoll breeds in forests of northern North America, from Al ...

Palm warbler The palm warbler (''Setophaga palmarum'') is a small songbird of the New World warbler family. Description Measurements: * Length: * Weight: * Wingspan: Taxonomy The species comprises two distinct subspecies that may merit specific stat ...

Prairie warbler The prairie warbler (''Setophaga discolor'') is a small songbird of the New World warbler family. Description These birds have yellow underparts with dark streaks on the flanks, and olive overparts with rusty streaks on the back; they have a ye ...

Townsend's warbler Townsend's warbler (''Setophaga townsendi'') is a small songbird of the New World warbler family. Taxonomy Townsend's warbler was species description, formally described in 1837 by the American naturalist John Kirk Townsend under the binomial nam ...

Yellow warbler The yellow warbler (''Setophaga petechia'') is a New World warbler species. Yellow warblers are the most widespread species in the diverse genus ''Setophaga'', breeding in almost the whole of North America, the Caribbean, and down to northern S ...

Waved albatross The waved albatross (''Phoebastria irrorata''), also known as Galapagos albatross,Remsen Jr., J.V. (2008) is the only member of the family Diomedeidae located in the tropics. When they forage, they follow a straight path to a single site off the ...

Cedar waxwing The cedar waxwing (''Bombycilla cedrorum'') is a member of the family Bombycillidae or waxwing family of passerine birds. It is a medium-sized, mostly brown, gray, and yellow. This bird is named for its wax-like wing tips. It is a native of Nort ...

White-crowned pigeon The white-crowned pigeon (''Patagioenas leucocephala'') is a fruit and seed-eating species of bird in the dove and pigeon family Columbidae. It is found primarily in the Caribbean. John James Audubon painted these pigeons, including the waterco ...

* White-lored warbler *

White-mantled barbet The white-mantled barbet (''Capito hypoleucus'') is a species of bird in the family Capitonidae. It is endemic to Colombia. Its natural habitats are tropical moist montane forests, pastureland, and plantations. It is threatened by habitat loss. ...

* Purple-bibbed whitetip * Amazonian barred-woodcreeper *

Black-banded woodcreeper The black-banded woodcreeper (''Dendrocolaptes picumnus'') is a species of bird in the Dendrocolaptinae subfamily, the woodcreepers. It is discontinuously spread from Chiapas to Paraguay and northern Argentina. Its natural habitats are ...

Straight-billed woodcreeper The straight-billed woodcreeper (''Dendroplex picus'') is a species of bird in the woodcreeper subfamily (Dendrocolaptinae). Its genus, ''Dendroplex'', was recently confirmed to be distinct from ''Xiphorhynchus''. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, ...

* Violet-crowned woodnymph *

Acorn woodpecker The acorn woodpecker (''Melanerpes formicivorus'') is a medium-sized woodpecker, long, with an average weight of . Taxonomy The acorn woodpecker was formally described in 1827 by the English naturalist William John Swainson under the binom ...

* Ringed woodpecker *

Yellow-throated woodpecker The yellow-throated woodpecker (''Piculus flavigula'') is a species of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. Taxonom ...

* Purple-throated woodstar *

Band-backed wren The band-backed wren (''Campylorhynchus zonatus'') is a small songbird of the wren family. The band-backed wren is a resident breeding species from south-central Gulf Coast Mexico to northwestern Ecuador. It occurs in five disjunct areas, the c ...

* Stripe-backed wren *

Yariguies brush-finch The Yariguies brush finch (''Atlapetes latinuchus yariguierum'') is a subspecies of the yellow-breasted brush finch, discovered in 2004 in Colombia. Description The feathers of the breast, abdomen, and throat are yellow; those of the coverts, ...

* Yellow-crowned redstart * Yellow-headed brush-finch *

Yellow-rumped warbler The yellow-rumped warbler (''Setophaga coronata'') is a regular North American bird species that can be commonly observed all across the continent. Its extensive distribution range connects both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of the U.S. as well ...

The national bird

The

Andean condor The Andean condor (''Vultur gryphus'') is a giant South American Cathartid vulture and is the only member of the genus ''Vultur''. Found in the Andes mountains and adjacent Pacific coasts of western South America, the Andean condor is the larg ...

inhabits the

Andes The Andes, Andes Mountains or Andean Mountains (; ) are the longest continental mountain range in the world, forming a continuous highland along the western edge of South America. The range is long, wide (widest between 18°S – 20°S ...

mountain range. Although it is primarily a

scavenger Scavengers are animals that consume dead organisms that have died from causes other than predation or have been killed by other predators. While scavenging generally refers to carnivores feeding on carrion, it is also a herbivorous feeding b ...

, feeding on

carrion Carrion () is the decaying flesh of dead animals, including human flesh. Overview Carrion is an important food source for large carnivores and omnivores in most ecosystems. Examples of carrion-eaters (or scavengers) include crows, vultures, c ...

, this species belongs to the

New World vulture The New World vulture or condor family, Cathartidae, contains seven extant species in five genera. It includes five extant vultures and two extant condors found in warm and temperate areas of the Americas. The "New World" vultures were widespread ...

family

Cathartidae The New World vulture or condor family, Cathartidae, contains seven extant species in five genera. It includes five extant vultures and two extant condors found in warm and temperate areas of the Americas. The "New World" vultures were widespread ...

. The condor is one of the largest birds on earth with a wingspan ranging from 274 to 310 cm (108–122 in) and weighing up to 11–15 kg (24–33 lb) for males and 7.5–11 kg (16–24 lb) for females, but overall length can range from 117 to 135 cm (46 to 53 inches). The adult

plumage Plumage ( "feather") is a layer of feathers that covers a bird and the pattern, colour, and arrangement of those feathers. The pattern and colours of plumage differ between species and subspecies and may vary with age classes. Within species, ...

is of a uniform black, with the exception of a frill of white feathers nearly surrounding the base of the neck and, especially in the male, large patches or bands of white on the wings which do not appear until the completion of the first molting.

Mammals

There are 456 reported species of mammals in Colombia. Of these, about 22% are

or critically endangered. Most of the threatened species status are due to human activities, in particular destruction of plant and animal

habitats In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species habitat can be seen as the physical ...

driven by local

consumption Consumption may refer to: *Resource consumption *Tuberculosis, an infectious disease, historically * Consumption (ecology), receipt of energy by consuming other organisms * Consumption (economics), the purchasing of newly produced goods for curren ...

of organic resources, especially related to

tropical forest Tropical forests (a.k.a. jungle) are forested landscapes in tropical regions: ''i.e.'' land areas approximately bounded by the tropic of Cancer and Capricorn, but possibly affected by other factors such as prevailing winds. Some tropical fores ...

destruction. While most of the species that are becoming extinct are not food species, their

biomass Biomass is plant-based material used as a fuel for heat or electricity production. It can be in the form of wood, wood residues, energy crops, agricultural residues, and waste from industry, farms, and households. Some people use the terms bi ...

is converted into human food when their habitat is transformed into

pasture Pasture (from the Latin ''pastus'', past participle of ''pascere'', "to feed") is land used for grazing. Pasture lands in the narrow sense are enclosed tracts of farmland, grazed by domesticated livestock, such as horses, cattle, sheep, or swine ...

and

cropland Agricultural land is typically land ''devoted to'' agriculture, the systematic and controlled use of other forms of lifeparticularly the rearing of livestock and production of cropsto produce food for humans. It is generally synonymous with bot ...

. Colombia has the largest number of terrestrial

mammal Mammals () are a group of vertebrate animals constituting the class Mammalia (), characterized by the presence of mammary glands which in females produce milk for feeding (nursing) their young, a neocortex (a region of the brain), fur or ...

s species in the world, including among others: Image:Brillenbär.jpg, The spectacled bear another rare mammal species, similar to the

giant panda The giant panda (''Ailuropoda melanoleuca''), also known as the panda bear (or simply the panda), is a bear species endemic to China. It is characterised by its bold black-and-white coat and rotund body. The name "giant panda" is sometimes us ...

in Asia. Image:DirkvdM tamandua.jpg, ''

Tamandua tetradactyla The southern tamandua (''Tamandua tetradactyla''), also called the collared anteater or lesser anteater, is a species of anteater from South America and the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean. It is a solitary animal found in many habitats, from ...

'' Image:Callicebus_brunneus_skansen_2006.jpg, '' Callicebus cupreus'' Image:Manatee.jpg,

West Indian manatee The West Indian manatee (''Trichechus manatus''), also known as the North American manatee, is a large, aquatic mammal native to warm coastal areas of the Caribbean, from the eastern US to northern Brazil. Living alone or in herds, it feeds on un ...

Image:Black-mantled_Tamarin.jpg,

Black-mantled tamarin The black-mantled tamarin, ''Leontocebus nigricollis'', is a species of saddle-back tamarin from the northwestern Amazon Amazon most often refers to: * Amazons, a tribe of female warriors in Greek mythology * Amazon rainforest, a rainfores ...

Image:Stavenn_Aotus_trivirgatus_00.jpg,

Three-striped night monkey The three-striped night monkey (''Aotus trivirgatus''), also known as northern night monkey or northern owl monkey, is one of several species of owl monkeys currently recognised. It is found in Venezuela and north-central Brazil. Until 1983, all ...

Image:Jaguarundi-s.jpg,

Jaguarundi The jaguarundi (''Herpailurus yagouaroundi'') is a wild cat native to the Americas. Its range extends from central Argentina in the south to northern Mexico, through Central and South America east of the Andes. The jaguarundi is a medium-sized ...

Colombian woolly monkey The Colombian woolly monkey (''Lagothrix lagothricha lugens'') is a critically endangered subspecies of the common woolly monkey from Colombia. It was initially thought to be a subspecies of the common woolly monkey (''L. lagothricha''), but wa ...

Colombian black-handed titi The Colombian black-handed titi monkey (''Cheracebus medemi'') is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, endemic to Colombia. It was originally described in the genus '' Callicebus'' in 1963. Description Colombian black-handed titis s ...

Coppery titi The coppery titi monkey (''Plecturocebus cupreus''), or red titi monkey, is a species of titi monkey, a type of New World monkey, from South America. They are found in the Amazon of Brazil and Peru, and perhaps northern Bolivia. It was described ...

Lucifer titi The Lucifer titi monkey (''Cheracebus lucifer'') is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. It was described as ''Callicebus lucifer'' in 1914. The Lucifer titi has p ...

Black titi The black titi monkey (''Cheracebus lugens''), is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey, from South America. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. It was described in 1811 as ''Calicebus lugens''. It is sometimes called the wid ...

Collared titi The collared titi monkey (''Cheracebus torquatus'') is a species of titi, a type of New World monkey. It is endemic to northern Brazil. Taxonomy At the end of the 1980s the genus ''Callicebus'' was revised from the Hershkovitz concept of three ...

po *

Ornate titi The ornate titi monkey (''Plecturocebus ornatus'') is a species of titi monkey and is the smallest member of the family Pitheciidae, which also includes uakaris and saki monkeys. As it is a member of this family, it is classified as a type of N ...

White-fronted capuchin White-fronted capuchin can refer to any of a number of species of gracile capuchin monkey which used to be considered as the single species ''Cebus albifrons''. White-fronted capuchins are found in seven different countries in South America: Bol ...

Olinguito The olinguito (''Bassaricyon neblina'') is a mammal of the raccoon Family (biology), family Procyonidae that lives in Montane ecology#Subtropical and tropical climate, montane forests in the Andes of western Colombia and Ecuador. It was classif ...

Giant anteater The giant anteater (''Myrmecophaga tridactyla'') is an insectivorous mammal native to Central and South America. It is one of four living species of anteaters, of which it is the largest member. The only extant member of the genus ''Myrmecopha ...

Giant armadillo The giant armadillo (''Priodontes maximus''), colloquially ''tatu-canastra'', ''tatou'', ''ocarro'' or ''tatú carreta'', is the largest living species of armadillo (although their extinct relatives, the Glyptodontidae, glyptodonts, were much l ...

Greater long-nosed armadillo The greater long-nosed armadillo (''Dasypus kappleri'') is a South American species of armadillo found in Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, Peru, Bolivia and Brazil. It is a solitary, nocturnal, terrestrial animal tha ...

Hoffmann's two-toed sloth Hoffmann's two-toed sloth (''Choloepus hoffmanni''), also known as the northern two-toed sloth is a species of sloth from Central and South America. It is a solitary, largely nocturnal and arboreal animal, found in mature and secondary rainf ...

Jaguar The jaguar (''Panthera onca'') is a large cat species and the only living member of the genus '' Panthera'' native to the Americas. With a body length of up to and a weight of up to , it is the largest cat species in the Americas and the th ...

Linnaeus's two-toed sloth Linnaeus's two-toed sloth (''Choloepus didactylus''), also known as the southern two-toed sloth, unau, or Linne's two-toed sloth is a species of sloth from South America, found in Venezuela, the Guyanas, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Brazil north ...

Nine-banded armadillo The nine-banded armadillo (''Dasypus novemcinctus''), also known as the nine-banded long-nosed armadillo or common long-nosed armadillo, is a mammal found in North, Central, and South America, making it the most widespread of the armadillos. It ...

* Pale-throated thripee-toed sloth *

Pygmy marmoset Pygmy marmosets are two species of small New World monkeys in the genus ''Cebuella''. They are native to rainforests of the western Amazon Basin in South America. These primates are notable for being the smallest monkeys in the world, at just ov ...

Silky anteater The silky anteater, also known as the pygmy anteater, has traditionally been considered a single species of anteater, ''Cyclopes didactylus'', in the genus ''Cyclopes'', the only living genus in the family Cyclopedidae. Found in southern Mexico, ...

Southern naked-tailed armadillo The southern naked-tailed armadillo (''Cabassous unicinctus'') is a species of small armadillo from South America. Description Smaller than some other armadillos, males measure an average of in head-body length, and weigh around , while females ...

Southern tamandua The southern tamandua (''Tamandua tetradactyla''), also called the collared anteater or lesser anteater, is a species of anteater from South America and the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean. It is a solitary animal found in many habitats, from ...

* Spectacled bear *

Brown-throated three-toed sloth The brown-throated sloth (''Bradypus variegatus'') is a species of three-toed sloth found in the Neotropical realm of Central and South America. It is the most common of the four species of three-toed sloth, and is found in the forests of South ...

Amazonian manatee The Amazonian manatee (''Trichechus inunguis'') is a species of manatee that lives in the Amazon Basin in Brazil, Peru, Colombia and Ecuador. It has thin, wrinkled brownish or gray colored skin, with fine hairs scattered over its body and a whit ...

Hippopotamus The hippopotamus ( ; : hippopotamuses or hippopotami; ''Hippopotamus amphibius''), also called the hippo, common hippopotamus, or river hippopotamus, is a large semiaquatic mammal native to sub-Saharan Africa. It is one of only two extan ...

. Most of the animals in Pablo Escobar's personal zoo were shipped back to their natural habitats except the hippopotamus; some escaped, and a wild population has established itself in Colombia's main river, the Magdelena. Spread over a growing area, nobody knows exactly how many there are, or what will be their lasting effect on the environment, but estimates of the total population in 2020 range from 40 to 60 individuals.

Amphibians

Colombia has the largest number of amphibians in the world (including

frog A frog is any member of a diverse and largely Carnivore, carnivorous group of short-bodied, tailless amphibians composing the order (biology), order Anura (ανοὐρά, literally ''without tail'' in Ancient Greek). The oldest fossil "proto-f ...

toad Toad is a common name for certain frogs, especially of the family Bufonidae, that are characterized by dry, leathery skin, short legs, and large bumps covering the parotoid glands. A distinction between frogs and toads is not made in scientif ...

salamander Salamanders are a group of amphibians typically characterized by their lizard-like appearance, with slender bodies, blunt snouts, short limbs projecting at right angles to the body, and the presence of a tail in both larvae and adults. All ten ...

s and

caecilian Caecilians (; ) are a group of limbless, vermiform or serpentine amphibians. They mostly live hidden in the ground and in stream substrates, making them the least familiar order of amphibians. Caecilians are mostly distributed in the tropics of ...

s) with 589 species, 208 of them being endangered, being the zoological group with the highest rate of endangerment. Some causes related with the decline of the amphibians are:

chytridiomycosis Chytridiomycosis ( ) is an infectious disease in amphibians, caused by the chytrid fungi ''Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis'' and ''Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans''. Chytridiomycosis has been linked to dramatic population declines or extincti ...

habitat destruction Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ...

drought A drought is defined as drier than normal conditions.Douville, H., K. Raghavan, J. Renwick, R.P. Allan, P.A. Arias, M. Barlow, R. Cerezo-Mota, A. Cherchi, T.Y. Gan, J. Gergis, D. Jiang, A. Khan, W. Pokam Mba, D. Rosenfeld, J. Tierney, an ...

air pollution Air pollution is the contamination of air due to the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. There are many different types ...

water pollution Water pollution (or aquatic pollution) is the contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities, so that it negatively affects its uses. Water bodies include lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers, reservoirs and groundwater. Water ...

and illegal trade. Image:Schrecklicherpfeilgiftfrosch-01.jpg, ''

Phyllobates terribilis The golden poison frog (''Phyllobates terribilis''), also known as the golden dart frog or golden poison arrow frog, is a poison dart frog endemic to the rainforests of Colombia. The golden poison frog has become endangered due to habitat destr ...

'' is the most poisonous vertebrate worldwide Image:Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni.jpg, ''

Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni ''Hyalinobatrachium fleischmanni'', also known as Fleischmann's glass frog or the northern glass frog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in the tropical Americas from southern Mexico to Ecuador. Specifically, these fro ...

'', Fleischmann's glass frog. Image:Eleutherodactylus marnockii2.jpg, ''

Eleutherodactylus ''Eleutherodactylus'' is a genus of frogs in the family Eleutherodactylidae.Hedges, S. B., W. E. Duellman, and M. P. Heinicke . 2008. New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and co ...

marnockii'', rain frog File:Phyllobates Aurotaenia Red & Violets.jpg, ''

Phyllobates aurotaenia ''Phyllobates aurotaenia'' is a member of the frog family Dendrobatidae, which are found in the tropical environments of Central and South America. First described by zoologist George Albert Boulenger in 1913, ''P. aurotaenia'' is known for bein ...

'', Kokoe dart frog Image:Dendrobates histrionicus.jpg,

Harlequin poison frog The harlequin poison frog, also known as harlequin poison-dart frog (''Oophaga histrionica''), is a species of poison dart frog endemic to the Chocó region of western Colombia. The frog is normally found on the ground of tropical rain forests, a ...

, ''Dendrobates histrionicus'' Image:Giant Waxy Monkey Frog.jpg, Giant leaf frog, ''

Phyllomedusa bicolor ''Phyllomedusa bicolor'', the giant leaf frog, bicolor tree-frog, giant monkey frog, or waxy-monkey treefrog, is a species of leaf frog. It can be found in the Amazon basin of Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru, and can also be found in the Gu ...

'' Image:Phyllobates_bicolor_frog_on_soil.jpg,

Black-legged dart frog ''Phyllobates bicolor'', or more commonly referred to as the black-legged poison dart frog, is the world's second-most toxic dart frog. Under the genus ''Phyllobates'', this organism is often mistaken as ''Phyllobates terribilis'', the golden poiso ...

, ''Phyllobates bicolor'' Image:Smokey Jungle Frog 3.jpg, Sapo toro, '' Leptodactylus pentadactylus'' Image:Pipa pipa 1.jpg, Sapo de celdas, ''

Pipa pipa The pipa, pípá, or p'i-p'a () is a traditional China, Chinese List of traditional Chinese musical instruments, musical instrument, belonging to the Plucked string instrument, plucked category of instruments. Sometimes called the "Chinese lute" ...

Reptiles

Image:Common lancehead.jpg, ''

Bothrops atrox ''Bothrops atrox'' — also known as the common lancehead, ''fer-de-lance'', ''barba amarilla''Campbell JA, Lamar WW. 2004. ''The Venomous Reptiles of the Western Hemisphere''. Comstock Publishing Associates, Ithaca and London. 870 pp. 1500 plate ...

'' is the main cause of death for

snakebite A snakebite is an injury caused by the bite of a snake, especially a venomous snake. A common sign of a bite from a venomous snake is the presence of two puncture wounds from the animal's fangs. Sometimes venom injection from the bite may occu ...

in Colombia. Image:Bothrops asper - Tortuguero1.jpg, ''

Bothrops asper Terciopelo (''Bothrops asper'') is a species of pit vipers occurring at low to moderate elevations in northeast Mexico and Central America, and into South America where it is known from elevations up to 2600 meters in the Colombian and Ecuador ...

'' Image:Eunectes murinus.jpg,

Green anaconda The green anaconda (''Eunectes murinus''), also known as the giant Emerald anaconda, common anaconda, common water boa or sucuri, is a boa species found in South America. It is the heaviest and one of the longest known extant snake species. Lik ...

Image:Emerald Tree Boa 02.jpg,

Emerald tree boa The emerald tree boa (''Corallus caninus'')Mehrtens JM. 1987. ''Living Snakes of the World in Color''. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. . is a boa species found in the rainforests of South America. Since 2009 the species ''Corallus batesii' ...

Image:Königsschlange (Boa constrictor).jpg,

Boa constrictor The boa constrictor (scientific name also ''Boa constrictor''), also called the red-tailed boa, is a species of large, non-venomous, heavy-bodied snake that is frequently kept and bred in captivity. The boa constrictor is a member of the family B ...

Image:Peru-2006macaw2 245.jpg,

Amazon tree boa ''Corallus hortulana'', commonly known as the Amazon tree boa, macabrel, common tree boa, and garden tree boa,Mehrtens JM. 1987. Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. . is a boa species found in South Americ ...

Image:Bothriechis schlegelii.jpg, ''

Bothriechis schlegelii ''Bothriechis schlegelii'', known commonly as the eyelash viper, is a species of venomous pit viper in the family Viperidae. The species is native to Central and South America. Small and arboreal, this species is characterized by a wide array of ...

'' Image:Bothriechis_nigroviridis (1).jpg, ''

Bothriechis nigroviridis ''Bothriechis nigroviridis'' is a venomous snake, venomous pit viper species found in the mountains of Costa Rica and Panama. No subspecies are currently recognized. The specific name is derived from the Latin ''niger'' (black) and ''viridis'' (g ...

'' Image:Cascabelle.JPG, ''

Crotalus durissus ''Crotalus durissus'', known as the South American rattlesnake, tropical rattlesnake,Mehrtens JM. 1987. Living Snakes of the World in Color. New York: Sterling Publishers. 480 pp. and by other names, is a highly venomous pit viper species foun ...

'' Image:Lachesis muta muta.jpg, ''

Lachesis muta ''Lachesis muta'', also known as the Southern American bushmaster or Atlantic bushmaster, is a venomous pit viper species found in South America, as well as the island of Trinidad in the Caribbean. Two subspecies are currently recognized, includi ...

'' Image:Pelamis platura, Costa Rica.jpg, ''

Pelamis platurus The yellow-bellied sea snake (''Hydrophis platurus'') is a venomous species of snake from the subfamily Hydrophiinae (the sea snakes) found in tropical oceanic waters around the world except for the Atlantic Ocean. For many years, it was place ...

'', pelagic sea snake Image:GreenIguana.jpg, Green iguana Image:Hawksbill Turtle.jpg,

Hawksbill sea turtle The hawksbill sea turtle (''Eretmochelys imbricata'') is a critically endangered sea turtle belonging to the family Cheloniidae. It is the only extant species in the genus ''Eretmochelys''. The species has a global distribution, that is largel ...

Image:Brauen Glattstirnkaiman Paleosuchus palpebrosus.jpg,

Cuvier's dwarf caiman Cuvier's dwarf caiman (''Paleosuchus palpebrosus'') is a small crocodilian in the alligator family from northern and central South America. It is found in Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Trinid ...

, ''Paleosuchus palpebrosus'' Image:Croc inter.jpg,

Orinoco crocodile The Orinoco crocodile (''Crocodylus intermedius'') is a critically endangered crocodile. Its population is very small, and they can only be found in the Orinoco river basin in Colombia and Venezuela. Extensively hunted for their skins in the 19 ...

, ''Crocodylus intermedius'' Image:Spectacled Caiman.JPG, Spectacled caiman, ''Caiman crocodilus'' Image:Blackcaiman.jpg,

Black caiman The black caiman (''Melanosuchus niger'') is a species of large crocodilian and is the largest species of the family Alligatoridae. It is a carnivorous reptile that lives along slow-moving rivers, lakes, seasonally flooded savannas of the Amazon ...

, ''Melanosuchus niger'' Image:Matamata turtle 2048x1536.jpg,

Mata mata Matamata () is a town in Waikato, New Zealand. It is located near the base of the Kaimai Ranges, and is a thriving farming area known for Thoroughbred horse breeding and training pursuits. It is part of the Matamata-Piako District, which takes ...

, ''Chelus fimbriatus'' Image:Gertrudes.jpg,

Red-footed tortoise The red-footed tortoise (''Chelonoidis carbonarius'') is a species of tortoise from northern South America. These medium-sized tortoises generally average as adults, but can reach over . They have dark-colored, loaf-shaped carapaces (back shell ...

, ''Geochelone carbonaria'' Image:Turtleface.jpg,

Common snapping turtle The common snapping turtle (''Chelydra serpentina'') is a species of large freshwater turtle in the family Chelydridae. Its natural range extends from southeastern Canada, southwest to the edge of the Rocky Mountains, as far east as Nova Scotia ...

, ''Chelydra serpentina'' Image:Goldteju Tupinambis teguixin.jpg, ''

Tupinambis teguixin The gold tegu, also known as the golden tegu, common tegu, black tegu, Colombian black and white tegu and tiger lizard (in Trinidad), is a species of tegu. Its old scientific name (synonym) was ''Tupinambis nigropunctatus'', but it has since rena ...

'', gold tegu or Colombian tegu

Fish

Colombia has high fish diversity, with a 2017 estimate suggesting 1,494 species of freshwater fishes. Following a rapid inventory of the Bajo Caguán-Caquetá region in 2019, there are 513 known species in the Caquetá river and 148 known species in the Caguán. During this inventory eight species were identified as possibly new to science. Image:Mikrogeophagus ramirezi female.jpg,

Ram cichlid The ram cichlid, ''Mikrogeophagus ramirezi'', is a species of freshwater fish endemic to the Orinoco River basin, in the savannahs of Venezuela and Colombia in South America. The species has been examined in studies on fish behaviour and is a po ...

, ''Mikrogeophagus ramirezi'' Image:Arapaima Gigante.jpg,

Pirarucu The arapaima, pirarucu, or paiche is any large species of bonytongue in the genus ''Arapaima'' native to the Amazon and Essequibo basins of South America. ''Arapaima'' is the type genus of the subfamily Arapaiminae within the family Osteoglossi ...

, (''Arapaima gigas'') is the largest fresh-water fish in the world. Image:Leporinus obtusidens.jpg, ''Leporinus obtusidens''

Molluscs

There are more than 80 genera of land gastropods in (continental) Colombia.Mónica Lucía Vera Ardila. 2008
''Lista de los géneros de moluscos terrestres de Colombia (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Prosobranchia: Mesogastropoda y Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)''
. Biota Colombiana 9 (1): 39-62.

Insects

Image:Zebra longwing butterfly.JPG, ''

Heliconius charithonia ''Heliconius charithonia'', the zebra longwing or zebra heliconian, is a species of butterfly belonging to the subfamily Heliconiinae of the family Nymphalidae. It was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1767 12th edition of ''Systema Natura ...

'' Image:Kourou lepidoptera brown.jpg, Eupalamides guyanensis Image:Catonephele Orites 085.jpg, ''

Catonephele orites ''Catonephele orites'', the orange-banded shoemaker butterfly, is a species of butterfly found throughout the northern coast of South America and into Central America. Food Larvae of ''Catonephele orites'' have been found on ''Alchornea''. ...

'' Image:AnthocharisCardamines 2002Z.jpg, Catalina orangetip Image:Atta Laevigata queen ant.jpg, ''

Atta laevigata ''Atta laevigata'' (Smith, 1858) is one of about a dozen species of leafcutter ants in the genus ''Atta'', found from Venezuela and south to Paraguay. This species is one of the largest leafcutter species, and can be recognized by the smooth an ...

'', edible Hormiga Culona Santandereana (see also

Colombian cuisine Colombian cuisine is a compound of the culinary traditions of the six main regions within Colombia (Pacific, Amazonian, Andean, Orinoco, Caribbean, and Insular). Colombian cuisine varies regionally and is particularly influenced by Indigenous C ...

)

References

External links

Rapid biological inventory of Colombia's Bajo Caguán-Caquetá region

Rapid biological inventory of La Lindosa, Capricho, and Cerritos
{{DEFAULTSORT:Fauna Of Colombia