"Fashion" is a song by English musician

David Bowie David Robert Jones (8 January 194710 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie ( ), was an English singer-songwriter and actor. A leading figure in the music industry, he is regarded as one of the most influential musicians of the ...

from his 1980 album '' Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps)''. Co-produced by Bowie and

Tony Visconti Anthony Edward Visconti (born April 24, 1944) is an American record producer, musician and singer. Since the late 1960s, he has worked with an array of performers. His first hit single was T. Rex's " Ride a White Swan" in 1970, the first of man ...

and recorded from February to April 1980 at New York and London, it was the last song completed for the album. Originating as a

reggae Reggae () is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s. The term also denotes the modern popular music of Jamaica and its diaspora. A 1968 single by Toots and the Maytals, " Do the Reggay" was the first popular song to use ...

parody titled "Jamaica", "Fashion" is a

post-punk Post-punk (originally called new musick) is a broad music genre, genre of Punk Music, punk music that emerged in the late 1970s as musicians departed from punk's traditional elements and raw simplicity, instead adopting a variety of avant-garde s ...

, dance and funk track structurally similar to Bowie's " Golden Years".

King Crimson King Crimson are a progressive rock band formed in 1968 in London, England. The band draws inspiration from a wide variety of music, incorporating elements of classical, jazz, folk, heavy metal, gamelan, industrial, electronic, experime ...

guitarist

Robert Fripp Robert Fripp (born 16 May 1946) is a British musician, songwriter, record producer, and author, best known as the guitarist, founder and longest-lasting member of the progressive rock band King Crimson. He has worked extensively as a session ...

contributed lead guitar. Lyrically, "Fashion" acts as both a celebration of fashion trends and Bowie's critique of the individuals who mandate strict observance to those trends, who are labelled fascists and the " goon squad". Its accompanying

music video A music video is a video of variable duration, that integrates a music song or a music album with imagery that is produced for promotional or musical artistic purposes. Modern music videos are primarily made and used as a music marketing device ...

, directed by David Mallet, reflects the lyrical themes, depicting Bowie and his musicians as street thugs interspersed with shots of dancers rehearsing and a parade of New Romantic individuals. Like " Ashes to Ashes", it was critically praised. Released by

RCA Records RCA Records is an American record label currently owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America. It is one of Sony Music's four flagship labels, alongside RCA's former long-time rival Columbia Records; also A ...

in edited form as the second

single Single may refer to: Arts, entertainment, and media * Single (music), a song release Songs * "Single" (Natasha Bedingfield song), 2004 * "Single" (New Kids on the Block and Ne-Yo song), 2008 * "Single" (William Wei song), 2016 * "Single", by ...

from the album on 24 October 1980, "Fashion" charted at No. 5 in the UK and No. 70 in the US. Bowie performed the song during his concert tours, which have appeared on live

concert video A concert film, or concert movie, is a film that showcases a live performance from the perspective of a concert goer, the subject of which is an extended live performance or concert by either a musician or a stand-up comedian. Early history Th ...

s. In subsequent decades, the song has appeared on lists of Bowie's best songs, on compilation albums and been covered by several artists.

Writing and recording

The sessions for

's '' Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps)'' commenced at the

Power Station A power station, also referred to as a power plant and sometimes generating station or generating plant, is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power. Power stations are generally connected to an electrical grid. Many ...

in New York City in February 1980, with production handled by Bowie and longtime collaborator

. "Fashion" began as a basic

parody under the working title "Jamaica". The band, like Bowie's four previous albums, consisted of

Carlos Alomar Carlos Alomar (born 7 May 1951) is a Puerto Rican guitarist. He is best known for his work with David Bowie from the mid-1970s to the early 2000s, having played on more Bowie albums than any musician other than pianist Mike Garson. He has als ...

on rhythm guitar, George Murray on bass and

Dennis Davis Dennis Davis (August 28, 1949 – April 6, 2016) was an American drummer and session musician best known for his work with David Bowie, playing on ten albums - including seven successive studio albums - during the singer's classic mid- and lat ...

on drums.

Roy Bittan Roy J. Bittan (born July 2, 1949) is an American musician best known as a long-time member of Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band. Nicknamed "The Professor", Bittan joined the E Street Band in 1974. He plays the piano, organ, accordion and synthe ...

, a member of Bruce Springsteen's

E Street Band The E Street Band is an American rock band, and has been musician Bruce Springsteen's primary backing band since 1972. The band was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2014. For the bulk of Springsteen's recording and performing caree ...

who were recording '' The River'' (1980) in the adjacent studio, contributed piano.

guitarist

, who played guitar on '' "Heroes"'' (1977), played lead on "Fashion". The backing tracks were recorded without lyrics or melodies pre-written. Unlike his recent

Berlin Trilogy The Berlin Trilogy consists of three studio albums by English musician David Bowie: '' Low'', '' "Heroes"'' (both 1977) and '' Lodger'' (1979). The trilogy originated following Bowie's move from Los Angeles, California, to Europe to rid himsel ...

, wherein Bowie wrote lyrics almost immediately after the backing tracks were finished, he wanted to take time writing melodies and lyrics for the ''Scary Monsters'' songs; he and Visconti reconvened at the latter's own Good Earth Studios in London in April 1980 for vocals and

overdubs Overdubbing (also known as layering) is a technique used in audio recording in which audio tracks that have been pre-recorded are then played back and monitored, while simultaneously recording new, doubled, or augmented tracks onto one or more av ...

. Bowie initially struggled to write words for "Fashion" and considered scrapping it entirely, before Visconti intervened: "I implored him to write a lyric because this was probably the most modern and commercial-sounding track on the album. He returned the next day announcing, 'I've got it! "Fashion" was the last song completed during the ''Scary Monsters'' sessions, and mixing commenced the same evening. Session keyboardist

Andy Clark Andy Clark, (born 1957) is a British philosopher who is Professor of Cognitive Philosophy at the University of Sussex. Prior to this, he was at professor of philosophy and Chair in Logic and Metaphysics at the University of Edinburgh in Sc ...

contributed what biographer Nicholas Pegg calls the track's "distinctive 'whoop whoop' intro", which was a reference signal on Clark's synthesiser. Visconti later said: "It ended up as a kind of reggae upstroke for most of the song." Aspects of the track came from past, unreleased material. The recurring "beep beep" Bowie had first used in a 1970 composition called "Rupert the Riley", while the phrase "people from bad homes" came from the title of a track off a 1973 album he recorded with the Astronettes.

Music and lyrics

, dance and funk track with reggae elements, "Fashion" contains structural similarities to Bowie's 1975 hit " Golden Years". Fripp's guitar riff, which the guitarist himself described as " blues-rock played with a contemporary grammar", was compared by author

Peter Doggett Peter Doggett (born 30 June 1957) is an English music journalist, author and magazine editor. He began his career in music journalism in 1980, when he joined the London-based magazine ''Record Collector''. He subsequently served as the editor ...

John Lennon John Winston Ono Lennon (born John Winston Lennon; 9 October 19408 December 1980) was an English singer, songwriter, musician and peace activist who achieved worldwide fame as founder, co-songwriter, co-lead vocalist and rhythm guitarist of ...

's "

Cold Turkey "Cold turkey" refers to the abrupt cessation of a substance dependence and the resulting unpleasant experience, as opposed to gradually easing the process through reduction over time or by using replacement medication. Sudden withdrawal from dru ...

" (1970). Doggett also identifies elements that suggest possible inspirations from other songs, including the "mechanical structure" of M's "

Pop Muzik "Pop Muzik" is a 1979 song by M, a project by English musician Robin Scott, from the debut album ''New York • London • Paris • Munich''. The single, first released in the UK in early 1979, was bolstered by a music video (directed by Br ...

" (1979) and the "nonsense syllables" of

Talking Heads Talking Heads were an American rock band formed in 1975 in New York City and active until 1991.Talki ...

' "

Psycho Killer "Psycho Killer" is a song by the American band Talking Heads, released on their 1977 debut album '' Talking Heads: 77.'' The group first performed it as the Artistics in 1974. The band also recorded an acoustic version of the song featuring A ...

" (1977) in the final verse. Author James E. Perone further likened "Fashion" commercial, danceable sound to Talking Heads, referring to it as "the best David Bowie song that David Byrne never wrote". With "Fashion", Bowie intended to update

the Kinks The Kinks were an English rock band formed in Muswell Hill, north London, in 1963 by brothers Ray and Dave Davies. They are regarded as one of the most influential rock bands of the 1960s. The band emerged during the height of British rhyt ...

' "

Dedicated Follower of Fashion "Dedicated Follower of Fashion" is a 1966 song by British band the Kinks. It lampoons the contemporary British fashion scene and mod culture in general. Originally released as a single, it has been included on many of the band's later albums. ...

", as well as his own compositions "Join the Gang" and "Maid of Bond Street", to a 1980 setting. He explained: In ''The Words and Music of David Bowie'', Perone interprets the lyrics of "Fashion" as both a celebration of fashion trends and Bowie's critique of the individuals who "demand strict adherence" to those trends. Although Bowie himself insisted the song was not political, his labelling of the strict individuals as fascists and the " goon squad", and lyrics such as "turn to the left, turn to the right", made commentators interpret otherwise. Pegg says the "turn to the left, turn to the right"

chorus Chorus may refer to: Music * Chorus (song) or refrain, line or lines that are repeated in music or in verse * Chorus effect, the perception of similar sounds from multiple sources as a single, richer sound * Chorus form, song in which all verse ...

and the "listen to me, don't listen to me"

middle eight The 32- bar form, also known as the AABA song form, American popular song form and the ballad form, is a song structure commonly found in Tin Pan Alley songs and other American popular music, especially in the first half of the 20th century. ...

both "reflect Bowie's shifting fortunes as a celebrity figurehead and style guru over the preceding decade". Biographer David Buckley believes the song "poked fun at the banality of the dance-floor and the style fascists" of the New Romantic movement. A handwritten lyric sheet, later displayed at the '' David Bowie Is'' exhibition, revealed the song's original violent undertones with lyrics such as "Hell up ahead, burn a flag / Shake a fist, start a fight / If you're covered in blood / You're doing it right" and "We'll break every bone / We'll turn you upside down".

Music video

David Mallet shot a

for "Fashion" in a New York nightclub owned by his friend Robert Boykin called Hurrah. The video depicts Bowie and his backing musicians, played by Alomar,

Hall & Oates Daryl Hall and John Oates, commonly known as Hall & Oates, are an American pop rock duo formed in Philadelphia in 1970. Daryl Hall is generally the lead vocalist; John Oates primarily plays electric guitar and provides backing vocals. The two ...

guitarist

G.E. Smith George Edward Smith ('' né'' Haddad; born January 27, 1952) is an American guitarist. Smith was the lead guitarist for the duo Hall & Oates during the band's heyday from 1979 to 1985, playing on five number one singles. After Hall & Oates went ...

and

the Rumour The Rumour was an English rock band in the late 1970s and early 1980s. They are best known as the backup band for Graham Parker, whose early records (from 1976 to 1980) were credited to Graham Parker & The Rumour. However, The Rumour also ...

drummer Stephen Goulding, as street-tough guys interposed with shots of dancers rehearsing and a parade of New Romantic individuals queuing outside a soup kitchen, one of whom was

May Pang May Fung Yee Pang (born October 24, 1950) is an American former music executive. She worked for John Lennon and Yoko Ono as a personal assistant and production coordinator, and when Lennon and Ono separated in 1973, Pang and Lennon began a re ...

, the ex-girlfriend of Lennon and future wife of Visconti. In his book ''The Complete David Bowie'', Pegg says the video "crystallises the song's anxiety about misplaced idolatry and style-leadership". Amid a series of facial contortions and other gestures, Bowie made use of a move he had employed in the video for " Ashes to Ashes": slowly crouching and bringing his arm down to the ground in a slow vertical arc. By the video's end, all the dancers are copying the move, implying that the people have submitted to his actions. According to Pegg, Bowie's distaste for this occurrence is a prevalent theme through ''Scary Monsters''. One sequence, where Bowie appears both on stage and as a fan, he utilised further for the " Blue Jean" promo film in 1984. Buckley argues the scene encapsulates Bowie's feelings on the icon–fan relationship, and a visual personification of his live shows throughout the 1970s. Praised by critics, ''

Record Mirror ''Record Mirror'' was a British weekly music newspaper between 1954 and 1991 for pop fans and record collectors. Launched two years after the '' NME'', it never attained the circulation of its rival. The first UK album chart was published in '' ...

'' readers voted "Fashion" and "Ashes to Ashes" the best music videos of 1980.

Release and reception

"Fashion" first appeared in its full, almost five-minute long form on ''Scary Monsters'', released on 12 September 1980, as the final track on side one of the original LP, following "Ashes to Ashes". A month later on 24 October,

issued it in edited form as the second

from the album, with the catalogue number RCA BOW 7 and album track " Scream Like a Baby" as the B-side; this single edit cuts an entire guitar solo. The UK sleeve design was adapted for the cover art of the 1980 compilation ''

The Best of Bowie ''The Best of Bowie'' is a compilation album by English singer-songwriter David Bowie, released in 1980 by K-tel. The cover was based on the 12-inch single sleeve design of Bowie's "Fashion".Roy Carr & Charles Shaar Murray (1981). ''Bowie: An ...

''. Debuting on the

UK Singles Chart The UK Singles Chart (currently titled Official Singles Chart, with the upper section more commonly known as the Official UK Top 40) is compiled by the Official Charts Company (OCC), on behalf of the British record industry, listing the top-s ...

at No. 20, it peaked at No. 5. In America, it placed low on the ''Billboard'' Hot 100 at No. 70. London's

Blitz Kids The Blitz Kids were a group of people who frequented the Tuesday club-night at Blitz in Covent Garden, London in 1979-80, and are credited with launching the New Romantic subcultural movement. History Steve Strange and Rusty Egan co-hosted th ...

adopted "Fashion" as their anthem, unaware of the song's ironic dig towards them. ''

NME ''New Musical Express'' (''NME'') is a British music, film, gaming, and culture website and brand. Founded as a newspaper in 1952, with the publication being referred to as a 'rock inkie', the NME would become a magazine that ended up as a f ...

'' ranked "Fashion" the eighth best song of 1980. Deemed by one of the finest songs on ''Scary Monsters'' by

AllMusic AllMusic (previously known as All Music Guide and AMG) is an American online music database. It catalogs more than three million album entries and 30 million tracks, as well as information on musicians and bands. Initiated in 1991, the databa ...

's Dave Thompson, publications who have ranked "Fashion" one of Bowie's best songs include ''

Mojo Mojo may refer to: * Mojo (African-American culture), a magical charm bag used in voodoo Arts, entertainment and media Film and television * MOJO HD, an American television network * ''Mojo'' (play), by Jez Butterworth, made into a 1997 film * ' ...

'' (No. 18), ''

The Guardian ''The Guardian'' is a British daily newspaper. It was founded in 1821 as ''The Manchester Guardian'', and changed its name in 1959. Along with its sister papers ''The Observer'' and ''The Guardian Weekly'', ''The Guardian'' is part of the Gu ...

'' (No. 21), ''

Consequence of Sound ''Consequence'' (previously ''Consequence of Sound'') is an independently owned New York-based online magazine featuring news, editorials, and reviews of music, movies, and television. In addition, the website also features the Festival Outlook ...

'' (No. 23) and ''NME'' (No. 36). In 2016, ''

Ultimate Classic Rock Townsquare Media, Inc. (formerly Regent Communications until 2010) is an American radio network and media company based in Purchase, New York. The company started in radio and expanded into digital media toward the end of the 2000s, starting wi ...

'' placed the single at number 20 in a list ranking every Bowie single from worst to best in 2016.

Live performances

Bowie performed the song on most of his tours after 1980, including the

Serious Moonlight Tour The Serious Moonlight Tour was a worldwide concert tour by English musician David Bowie, launched in May 1983 in support of his album '' Let's Dance'' (1983). The tour opened at the Vorst Forest Nationaal, Brussels, on 18 May 1983 and ended in ...

(1983),

Glass Spider Tour The Glass Spider Tour was a 1987 worldwide concert tour by English musician David Bowie, launched in support of his album '' Never Let Me Down'' and named for that album's track "Glass Spider". It began in May 1987 and was preceded by a two-wee ...

(1987),

Sound+Vision Tour In physics, sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave, through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid. In human physiology and psychology, sound is the ''reception'' of such waves and their ''perception'' by the ...

(1990),

Earthling Tour The Earthling Tour was a concert tour by British musician David Bowie, in promotion of his album '' Earthling'', released in 1997, The tour started on 7 June 1997 at Flughafen Blankensee in Lübeck, Germany, continuing through Europe, North Am ...

(1997),

Heathen Tour The David Bowie Heathen Tour was a 2002 concert tour in support of the album, ''Heathen'', and was also notable for the performances of all songs from the 1977 ''Low'' album. History The ''Low'' album, not previously performed live in its ent ...

(2002), and

A Reality Tour A Reality Tour was a worldwide concert tour by David Bowie in support of the ''Reality'' album. The tour began on 7 October 2003 at the Forum Copenhagen, Denmark, continuing through Europe, North America, Asia, including a return to New Zealan ...

(2003–2004). He also sang the song with

Frank Black Charles Michael Kittridge Thompson IV (born April 6, 1965) is an American singer, songwriter, and guitarist. He is best known as the frontman of the alternative rock band Pixies, with whom he performs under the stage name Black Francis. F ...

for his fiftieth birthday concert in 1997. According to Pegg, this version featured "an aggressively visceral bassline" and was accompanied by "a shocking set of skin-flick back-projections". As a live song, Thompson says that the song turned into one of Bowie's "most reliably malleable numbers." The song appears on two of his live concert videos: '' Serious Moonlight'' (1983) and ''

Glass Spider ''Glass Spider'' is a concert film by English singer David Bowie. The release was sourced from eight shows during the first two weeks of November 1987 at the Sydney Entertainment Centre in Australia during the last month of the Glass Spider Tour ...

'' (1988), and on the live album '' Look at the Moon! (Live Phoenix Festival 97)'' (2021).

Legacy

"Fashion" has made appearances on compilation albums. Its single edit was included on ''

Changestwobowie ''Changestwobowie'' is a compilation album by English rock musician David Bowie, issued in November 1981 through RCA Records. It is a companion volume to the 1976 compilation '' Changesonebowie'', and its title and artwork follow the format of ...

'' (1981), '' Best of Bowie'' (2002), '' The Best of David Bowie 1980/1987'' (2007) and the two-disc version of ''

Bowie Legacy ''Legacy (The Very Best of David Bowie)'' (also known as ''Legacy'') is a greatest hits album by English musician David Bowie, released on 11 November 2016 through Sony Music Entertainment in the US and Warner Music Group in the UK and several t ...

'' (2016); an entirely new single edit, which Pegg refers to as an "alarmingly slapdash effort", appeared on the extended two-disc and three-disc versions of ''

Nothing Has Changed ''Nothing Has Changed'' (stylised as ''Nothing has changed.'') is a compilation album by English musician David Bowie. It was released on 18 November 2014 through Parlophone in the United Kingdom, and Columbia Records and Legacy Recordings in ...

'' (2014). Its full-length album version was included on ''

Changesbowie ''Changesbowie'' is a compilation album by English rock musician David Bowie, released by Rykodisc in the US and by EMI in the UK in 1990. The compilation was part of Rykodisc's remastered Bowie reissue series, replacing the deleted RCA Records ...

'' (1990) and '' The Singles Collection'' (1993). Both edits were also remastered and included in the ''

A New Career in a New Town (1977–1982) ''A New Career in a New Town (1977–1982)'' is a box set by English singer-songwriter David Bowie, released on 29 September 2017. A follow-up to the compilations '' Five Years (1969–1973)'' and '' Who Can I Be Now? (1974–1976)'', the set ...

'' compilation in 2017. Several artists have covered "Fashion" since its release. In 1998,

Glamma Kid Iyael Lyases Tafari Constable (born 14 March 1978, London Borough of Hackney, Hackney, London, England), better known as Glamma Kid, is a Deejay (Jamaican), toaster and former Royal Air Force trainee of part-Jamaican descent. He had two top 10 hi ...

released a

rap Rapping (also rhyming, spitting, emceeing or MCing) is a musical form of vocal delivery that incorporates "rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular". It is performed or chanted, usually over a backing beat or musical accompaniment. The ...

version titled "Fashion '98", which was a minor UK hit. In 2003,

the Dandy Warhols The Dandy Warhols are an American alternative rock band, formed in Portland, Oregon, in 1994 by singer-guitarist Courtney Taylor-Taylor and guitarist Peter Holmström. They were later joined by keyboardist Zia McCabe and drummer Eric Hedford. H ...

sampled on the song for their ''

Welcome to the Monkey House ''Welcome to the Monkey House'' is a collection of 25 short stories written by Kurt Vonnegut, published by Delacorte in August 1968. The stories range from wartime epics to futuristic thrillers, given with satire and Vonnegut's unique edge. The s ...

'' track "I Am a Scientist"; Bowie received a co-writing credit. Three years later, a cover by MGA Entertainment's

Bratz Bratz is an American fashion doll and media franchise created by former Mattel employee Carter Bryant for MGA Entertainment which debuted in 2001. The four original 10-inch (25 cm) dolls were released on May 21, 2001 — Yasmin, Cloe, Jade ...

line of

fashion doll Fashion dolls are dolls primarily designed to be dressed to reflect fashion trends. They are manufactured both as toys for children to play with and as collectibles for adults. The dolls are usually modeled after teen girls or adult women, thou ...

s, titled "Ooooh Fashion" with a new verse melody and lyrics ("We are the Bratz and now we're coming to town"), was included on the album ''Forever Diamondz'' (2006). Additionally, the Spice Girls performed "Fashion" on their 2008 comeback tour, and the cast of ''

Glee Glee means delight, a form of happiness. Glee may also refer to: * Glee (music), a type of English choral music * ''Glee'' (TV series), an American musical comedy-drama TV series, and related media created by Ryan Murphy * ''Glee'' (Bran Van 30 ...

'' covered it for ''

Vogue Vogue may refer to: Business * ''Vogue'' (magazine), a US fashion magazine ** British ''Vogue'', a British fashion magazine ** ''Vogue Arabia'', an Arab fashion magazine ** ''Vogue Australia'', an Australian fashion magazine ** ''Vogue China'', ...

'' magazine in 2011.

Trent Reznor Michael Trent Reznor (born May 17, 1965) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, record producer, and composer. He serves as the lead vocalist, multi-instrumentalist, and principal songwriter of the industrial rock band Nine Inch Nails, wh ...

Mariqueen Maandig Mariqueen Maandig Reznor (''née'' Maandig; born April 5, 1981) is a Filipino-American singer, songwriter, and musician. She is the vocalist for How to Destroy Angels & the former vocalist of Los Angeles-based rock band West Indian Girl. Care ...

and

Atticus Ross Atticus Matthew Cowper Ross (born 16 January 1968) is an English musician, record producer, composer, and audio engineer. Along with Trent Reznor, he won the Academy Award for Best Original Score for '' The Social Network'' in 2010. In 2013, th ...

also covered it for

Mike Garson Michael David Garson (born July 29, 1945) is an American pianist, who has worked with David Bowie, Nine Inch Nails, St. Vincent, Duran Duran, Free Flight and The Smashing Pumpkins. Early career Garson went to Lafayette High School in Brookly ...

's 2021 Bowie tribute event ''A Bowie Celebration: Just For One Day''. Bowie's original recording appeared in the soundtracks for the films ''

Clueless ''Clueless'' is a 1995 American coming-of-age teen comedy film written and directed by Amy Heckerling. It stars Alicia Silverstone with supporting roles by Stacey Dash, Brittany Murphy and Paul Rudd. It was produced by Scott Rudin and Robert ...

'' (1995) and ''

Raising Helen ''Raising Helen'' is a 2004 American comedy-drama film directed by Garry Marshall and written by Jack Amiel and Michael Begler. It stars Kate Hudson, John Corbett, Joan Cusack, Hayden Panettiere, siblings Spencer and Abigail Breslin, and Helen M ...

'' (2004). "Fashion" was also used for a tribute to the British fashion industry during the closing ceremony of the 2012 London Olympics. Pegg remarks that the event "either ignored or was unaware of the song's scathing sense of irony".

Personnel

According to Chris O'Leary: *

– lead and backing vocals *

– lead guitar *

– rhythm guitar * George Murray – bass guitar *

– drums *

– Minimoog,

Yamaha CS-80 The Yamaha CS-80 is an analog synthesizer released in 1977. It supports true 8-voice polyphony, with two independent synthesizer layers per voice each with its own set of front panel controls, in addition to a number of hardwired preset voice set ...

synthesiser Technical *David Bowie – producer *

– producer, engineer *Larry Alexander – engineer *Jeff Hendrickson – engineer

Charts

Certifications

Notes

References

Sources

* * * * * * {{authority control 1980 songs 1980 singles David Bowie songs Songs written by David Bowie Song recordings produced by David Bowie Song recordings produced by Tony Visconti RCA Records singles Post-punk songs Funk songs Music videos directed by David Mallet (director)