* -chian (Persian, چیان-) attributed to or performing a certain job
* -chek, -chik, -chyk, -chuk (Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
, Belarusian /
Belarusian Latin: -ček, -čyk, -čuk/) diminutive
** -czek, -czyk, -czuk, -czak (
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
)
** -ček, -čík (
Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus'
Places
* Czech, ...
,
Slovak,
Slovenian
Slovene or Slovenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Slovenia, a country in Central Europe
* Slovene language, a South Slavic language mainly spoken in Slovenia
* Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Sloven ...
)
** -ćek, -cek (
Croatian)
* -ckas (
Lithuanian) Lithuanianized version of the Polish and Belarusian -cki
* -cki (
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
,
Belarusian,
Croatian,
Serbian,
Sorbian) variant of -ski
** -cka (Polish, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Sorbian) Feminine equivalent of -cki
* -ckis (
Latvian) Latvianized version of the Polish and Belarusian -cki
* -cký (
Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus'
Places
* Czech, ...
,
Slovak)
** -cká (Czech, Slovak) Feminine equivalent of -cký
* -čki (
Serbian,
Croatian,
Bulgarian
Bulgarian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria
* Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group
* Bulgarian language, a Slavic language
* Bulgarian alphabet
* A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria
* Bul ...
)
* -cock, -cox (English) "little"
* -datter (Danish, Norwegian) "daughter (of)"
* -din (Swedish)
* -dotter (Norwegian, Swedish) "daughter (of)"
* -dóttir (
Icelandic) "daughter (of)" (
patronymic suffix (sometimes matronymic) (by law) of not a family name but part of the
Icelandic last name where (usually) the father's name is always slightly modified and then ''dóttir'' added)
* -dze (
Georgian
Georgian may refer to:
Common meanings
* Anything related to, or originating from Georgia (country)
** Georgians, an indigenous Caucasian ethnic group
** Georgian language, a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians
**Georgian scripts, three scrip ...
) "son of"
* -dzki (
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
) variant of -ski, -cki
* -é (Catalan)
* -ê, -yê (Kurdish) means "of" (male) (by two surnames)
* -eanu (
Romanian
Romanian may refer to:
*anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania
**Romanians, an ethnic group
**Romanian language, a Romance language
*** Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language
** Romanian cuisine, tradition ...
)
* -eau, -eault (French) diminutive suffix (Latin ''-ellu-'')
* -ec (Czech, Slovak, Croatian, Slovenian, Polish,
Sorbian, Ukrainian, Belarusian), (French spelling for Breton -e.g.)
** -avec (Belarusian)
* -ee (See -i)
* -eff (
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
,
Bulgarian
Bulgarian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria
* Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group
* Bulgarian language, a Slavic language
* Bulgarian alphabet
* A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria
* Bul ...
) obsolete, copied from German transliteration of -ev
* -eiro (
Portuguese
Portuguese may refer to:
* anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal
** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods
** Portuguese language, a Romance language
*** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language
** Portu ...
,
Galician)
* -ek (
Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus'
Places
* Czech, ...
,
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
,
Slovak,
Slovenian
Slovene or Slovenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Slovenia, a country in Central Europe
* Slovene language, a South Slavic language mainly spoken in Slovenia
* Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Sloven ...
,
Croatian) diminutive
* -ell (English spelling for French ''-el'', diminutive)
* -el (Northern French and Occitan, French ''-eau'')
* -ema (Suffix of
Frisian origin, given by
Napoleon Bonaparte
Napoleon Bonaparte ; it, Napoleone Bonaparte, ; co, Napulione Buonaparte. (born Napoleone Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French military commander and political leader who ...
who used suffixes like these to keep a record of people's origins within the
Netherlands
)
, anthem = ( en, "William of Nassau")
, image_map =
, map_caption =
, subdivision_type = Sovereign state
, subdivision_name = Kingdom of the Netherlands
, established_title = Before independence
, established_date = Spanish Netherl ...
)
* -ems (
Dutch
Dutch commonly refers to:
* Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands
* Dutch people ()
* Dutch language ()
Dutch may also refer to:
Places
* Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States
* Pennsylvania Dutch Country
People E ...
)
* -ėnas (Lithuanian) "son of"
* -enko (
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
), -enka/-anka (
Belarusian) "son of"
** -chenko (Ukrainian), -chenka/-chanka (Belarusian /
Belarusian Latin: -čenka, -čanka/)
* -ens (
Dutch
Dutch commonly refers to:
* Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands
* Dutch people ()
* Dutch language ()
Dutch may also refer to:
Places
* Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States
* Pennsylvania Dutch Country
People E ...
)
* -ent (
French)
* -enya (
Belarusian /
Belarusian Latin: -enia/) (e.g. Gerasimenya)
* -er (Dutch, English, French, German, Turkish "male")
* -ero (Spanish)
* -ers (
Dutch
Dutch commonly refers to:
* Something of, from, or related to the Netherlands
* Dutch people ()
* Dutch language ()
Dutch may also refer to:
Places
* Dutch, West Virginia, a community in the United States
* Pennsylvania Dutch Country
People E ...
)
* -es (Greek, Portuguese) "son of" in Portuguese
* -ese (
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
) plural -esi "of or from
locality; from Latin ''-ēnsis''
*
-escu (
Romanian
Romanian may refer to:
*anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania
**Romanians, an ethnic group
**Romanian language, a Romance language
*** Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language
** Romanian cuisine, tradition ...
) "son of"
*
-ești (
Romanian
Romanian may refer to:
*anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania
**Romanians, an ethnic group
**Romanian language, a Romance language
*** Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language
** Romanian cuisine, tradition ...
) possessive plural, also used in place names
* -et (French) (diminutive suffix Latin ''-ettu-'' or former -el)
* -ets (
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
,
Belarusian)
* -eu (-ew) (
Belarusian /
Belarusian Latin: -eŭ/) equivalent to Russian -ev
* -ev (
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
(all
Eastern Slavic languages
The East Slavic languages constitute one of three regional subgroups of the Slavic languages, distinct from the West and South Slavic languages. East Slavic languages are currently spoken natively throughout Eastern Europe, and eastwards to Sibe ...
),
Bulgarian
Bulgarian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria
* Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group
* Bulgarian language, a Slavic language
* Bulgarian alphabet
* A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria
* Bul ...
,
Macedonian) possessive
** -eva (Russian (all Eastern Slavic languages), Bulgarian, Macedonian) Feminine equivalent of -ev
* -evski (
Macedonian,
Bulgarian
Bulgarian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria
* Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group
* Bulgarian language, a Slavic language
* Bulgarian alphabet
* A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria
* Bul ...
) possessive
** -evska (Macedonian, Bulgarian) Feminine equivalent of -evski
* -ez (
Spanish
Spanish might refer to:
* Items from or related to Spain:
**Spaniards are a nation and ethnic group indigenous to Spain
**Spanish language, spoken in Spain and many Latin American countries
**Spanish cuisine
Other places
* Spanish, Ontario, Can ...
, North Picard) including Spanish-speaking countries "son of"; in Picard, old spelling for -et
* -ëz (
Albanian) for feminine; a word refer to something smaller, either literally or figuratively as in a form of endearment
* -fia, -fi, -fy, -ffy (
Hungarian) "descendant of" (literally "son of")
*-fleth, -felth, -fleet (
Northern German) current, body of water
* -gil, (Turkish, "family") (e.g. Korkmazgil)
* -i (Hungarian) "of", "from" indicates region of origin, sign of nobility (e.g. "Szentiványi", "Rákóczi"). Like German Von.
* -i (
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
,
Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
) "descendant of", "attributed to" (e.g. "Baghdadi", "Abbasi") or, (
Iranian
Iranian may refer to:
* Iran, a sovereign state
* Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran
* Iranian lan ...
) "from" (e.g. "Barzani" from Barzan, or Tabrizi from Tabriz.)
* -ia (Abkhaz, Mingrelian)
* -ian(ts), -yan(ts), -jian, -gian, -ents, -ants, -unts, -uni (
Armenian
Armenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Armenia, a country in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia
* Armenians, the national people of Armenia, or people of Armenian descent
** Armenian Diaspora, Armenian communities across the ...
,
Persian
Persian may refer to:
* People and things from Iran, historically called ''Persia'' in the English language
** Persians, the majority ethnic group in Iran, not to be conflated with the Iranic peoples
** Persian language, an Iranian language of the ...
) "son/daughter of"
* -iak (
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
,
Belarusian,
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
) "descendant of". In
Slovak, ''-iak'' is a version of ''-ák''/''-ak'' and means "pertaining to" or merely creates a noun.
* -ic(k) (French), misspelling for Breton -ig, diminutive
* -ich (-ovich/-evich) (
Belarusian /
Belarusian Latin: -ič, –ovič, -evič/), -ych (-ovych/-evych) (
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
) "son of"
** -icz (-owicz/-ewicz) (
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
) "son of"
** -ic (
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
,
Slovak,
Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus'
Places
* Czech, ...
,
Sorbian,
Belarusian) "son of"
*** -owic/-ewic (Polish)
*** -ovic (Slovak, Czech
arely
*** -ojc/-ejc, -ojic/-ejic (Sorbian)
*** -yc (Belarusian, Sorbian, Polish)
* -
ić (-ović/-ević) (
Serbian,
Croatian,
Bosnian,
Montenegrin)
diminutive
A diminutive is a root word that has been modified to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment. A (abbreviated ) is a word-formati ...
possessive
A possessive or ktetic form (abbreviated or ; from la, possessivus; grc, κτητικός, translit=ktētikós) is a word or grammatical construction used to indicate a relationship of possession in a broad sense. This can include strict owne ...
, ''little son of''
** -begović (Bosniak) diminutive possessive of a
beg, i.e. ''chieftain's or chief's little son''
** -ici (-ovici/-evici)
Romanian
Romanian may refer to:
*anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania
**Romanians, an ethnic group
**Romanian language, a Romance language
*** Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language
** Romanian cuisine, tradition ...
of Slavic origin (Romanian adaptation of -ić or -ich/-ych)
* -ič (-ovič) (
Slovenian
Slovene or Slovenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Slovenia, a country in Central Europe
* Slovene language, a South Slavic language mainly spoken in Slovenia
* Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Sloven ...
,
Slovak,
Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus'
Places
* Czech, ...
arely diminutive, "son of"
* -ičius (
Lithuanian) Lithuanianized version of the Belarusian -ich (
Belarusian Latin: -ič) and Polish -icz
** -avičius/-evičius (Lithuanian) Lithuanianized version of the Belarusian -ovich/-evich (Belarusian Latin: -ovič/-evič) and Polish -owicz/-ewicz
* -ičs (
Latvian) Latvianized version of the Belarusian -ich (
Belarusian Latin: -ič) and Polish -icz
** -ovičs/-evičs (Latvian) Latvianized version of the Belarusian -ovich/-evich (Belarusian Latin: -ovič/-evič) and Polish -owicz/-ewicz
* -ides, -idis, -idas (Greek), "son of"
* -ier (French)
* -ik (
Belarusian,
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
,
Croatian,
Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus'
Places
* Czech, ...
,
Slovak,
Slovenian
Slovene or Slovenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Slovenia, a country in Central Europe
* Slovene language, a South Slavic language mainly spoken in Slovenia
* Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Sloven ...
) It merely creates a noun in
Slovak where ''-ik'' is a version of ''-ík'', can be endearment, diminutive, have other meanings.
** -ík (
Slovak) It merely creates a noun and can also be endearment, diminutive, have other meanings; its other
Slovak version is ''-ik''.
* -ik (
Estonian) if it follows a tree name, has a meaning "grove"
* -ikh, -ykh (
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
)
* -in (
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
(all Eastern Slavic languages),
Bulgarian
Bulgarian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria
* Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group
* Bulgarian language, a Slavic language
* Bulgarian alphabet
* A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria
* Bul ...
) possessive
** -
ina (female equivalent of -in; especially rare for male names, but the suffix alone is an actual female name)
** -yn (Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian) possessive
* -in (French) diminutive
* -in (Dutch, German) suffix attached to old Germanic female surnames (e.g. female surname "Mayerin", the wife of "Mayer")
* -ing, ink (Anglo-Saxon, Dutch, German) "descendant"
* -ino (a common suffix for male Latino and Italian names)
* -ipa (Abkhazian) "son of"
* -ipha (Abkhazian) "girl of"
* -is (Greek, /male/
Lithuanian)
** -ienė (Lithuanian) female version
** -ytė (Lithuanian) unmarried female version
* -ishin, -yshyn (
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
) possessive (e.g. Romanishin = son of wife of Roman)
** -ishina, -yshyna (female equivalent of -ishin, -yshyn)
* -iu (
Romanian
Romanian may refer to:
*anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania
**Romanians, an ethnic group
**Romanian language, a Romance language
*** Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language
** Romanian cuisine, tradition ...
)
* -ius (Lithuanian) "son of"
* -iv (
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
) possessive Galician form, introduced in late 19th century by Austrian authorities. Like -ov or -ev.
* -j (Adygean)"old"
* -ka (
Belarusian,
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
,
Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus'
Places
* Czech, ...
,
Slovak) diminutive
* -kan, -ken (Turkish) (e.g. Vuruşkan)
* -kar (Marathi) (e.g. Tendulkar)"originating from",
* -ke, (Italian,Russian) In surnames of Slavic origin. Like Ukrainian -ko
* -kin, -kins, -ken (English) "little"
* -kin (Dutch) "little"
* -ko (
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
,
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
,
Slovak,
Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus'
Places
* Czech, ...
)diminutive
*-ko (Polish, Czech, Slovak, Bulgarian, Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Serbian)- diminutive, “child,” “descendant of.” It is used in affectionate forms of first names, and is also a common suffix in many surnames.
* -ko (Adygean) "son" ''ĸъо''
* -kus (Lithuanian)
* -kvist, -qvist (Swedish) "twig"
* -kyzy (
Great Kazakh) "daughter of"
* -kyzy (
Kyrgyz) "daughter of"
* -le, -lein (German) "small"
* -li, -lı, -lu, -lü (
Turkish,
Azeri
Azerbaijanis (; az, Azərbaycanlılar, ), Azeris ( az, Azərilər, ), or Azerbaijani Turks ( az, Azərbaycan Türkləri, ) are a Turkic people living mainly in northwestern Iran and the Republic of Azerbaijan. They are the second-most numer ...
) "from" (e.g. İzmirli, Ankaralı, İstanbullu, Bakülü)
* -li (Italian)
* -lin (French, Irish, Swedish) in Germanic names "small"
* -litz (German)
* -man(n) (Dutch, German, English)
* -mand (Persian, مند-) owning or showing
* -maz (Turkish) "does not" (e.g. "
Yılmaz Yılmaz () is a Turkish word that translates to "unshirking", "unbeatable", or "brave", and is a very common surname and occasional male given name.
Given name
* Yekta Yılmaz Gül (born 1978), Turkish Greco-Roman wrestler
* Yılmaz Arslan (born ...
= Yields not", "Korkmaz = Fears not")
* -men, -man (Turkish) flipping suffix (e.g. ak=white, akman=purely white), "person", "male person", have other meanings
* -ment (French) from Germanic “man”
* -mere (Old English) meaning “lake”
* -moar
* -mohr (German)
* -moor
* -moore
* -more
* -mor
* -nė, -te /female/ (
Lithuanian)
* -nen (
Finnish
Finnish may refer to:
* Something or someone from, or related to Finland
* Culture of Finland
* Finnish people or Finns, the primary ethnic group in Finland
* Finnish language, the national language of the Finnish people
* Finnish cuisine
See also ...
) ''
diminutive
A diminutive is a root word that has been modified to convey a slighter degree of its root meaning, either to convey the smallness of the object or quality named, or to convey a sense of intimacy or endearment. A (abbreviated ) is a word-formati ...
'', "from"
* -nik (Estonian) attributed to occupation (''talu'' being "farm" – ''talunik'' being "farmer")
* -nova, -novas (Italian,
Galician, Catalan) "new"
* -novo (
Galician) "new"
* -ný (Czech, Slovak) adjective
* -ny (Polish) adjective
* -nezhad, -nejad, -nejhad (Persian, نژاد) "descendant of"
* -nyi (
Hungarian)
* -off (Russian, Bulgarian) obsolete, copied from French transliteration of -ov, based on Muscovite pronunciation
* -oğlu (Azeri,
Turkish) "son of" (e.g. Türkoğlu)
* -ok (Belarusian, Ukrainian, Czech)
* -ois, -oy, -ais, -ay (French) from Germanic ''-isk'' and Vulgar Latin ''-ese''
* -on (French), former subject case in masculine names
* -onak (-onok) (
Belarusian)
* -onis (Lithuanian) "son of"
* -os (Greek) like Latin ''-us'' (Gasconic, Spanish, Portuguese) from Latin ''-us''
** -opoulos, -opulos (Greek)
* -osz, -oš (Polish, Czech, Slovak)
* -ot (French) "little"
* -ou(t) (French), various origins
* -ou (
Greek
Greek may refer to:
Greece
Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe:
*Greeks, an ethnic group.
*Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family.
**Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
) "daughter of"
* -ou (-ow) (
Belarusian) / -oŭ (
Belarusian Latin) equivalent to Russian -ov
** -ova (Belarusian) feminine equivalent of -ou
* -ouf (French), French spelling of Arabic names ending with ''-ūf''
* -ouf, Norman-French spelling of surnames of Anglo-scandinavian origin or West Germanic origin ending with ''-ulf'' or ''-wulf''
* -oui (French), French spelling of Arabic names, English spelling ''-wi''
* -ous
* -ov (all Eastern Slavic languages,
Bulgarian
Bulgarian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria
* Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group
* Bulgarian language, a Slavic language
* Bulgarian alphabet
* A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria
* Bul ...
,
Macedonian) possessive
** -ova (all Eastern Slavic languages, Bulgarian, Macedonian) feminine equivalent of -ov, -ou, -ow
* -ová (Czech, Slovak) feminine derivative of a
noun male surname
* -ovo (Russian) (e.g.
Durnovo
The House of Durnovo (russian: Дурново) (known variant 'Durnovy' lural 'Durnov' ,'Durnova' (russian: 'Дурновы'; 'Дурнов', 'Дурнова')) is a prominent family of Russian nobility. Durnovo is one of two Russian noble famili ...
)
* -ovski (
Macedonian,
Bulgarian
Bulgarian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria
* Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group
* Bulgarian language, a Slavic language
* Bulgarian alphabet
* A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria
* Bul ...
) possessive
** -ovska (Macedonian, Bulgarian) Feminine equivalent of -ovski
* -ow (
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
, though found in predominantly
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
names, it is pronounced like English "ow" not like the German "ov")
* -pour, -poor (Persian) "son of"
* -putra (Indonesian) "son"
* -putri (Indonesian) "daughter"
* -quin, (French) from Dutch ''-kin'' "little"
* -s (English, Dutch, Irish, Welsh) "(son/daughter) of". Sometimes less recognizable, like in "Hendrickx" (son/daughter of Hendrik)
* -sen or -zen (
Danish
Danish may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to the country of Denmark
People
* A national or citizen of Denmark, also called a "Dane," see Demographics of Denmark
* Culture of Denmark
* Danish people or Danes, people with a Danish a ...
,
Norwegian
Norwegian, Norwayan, or Norsk may refer to:
*Something of, from, or related to Norway, a country in northwestern Europe
* Norwegians, both a nation and an ethnic group native to Norway
* Demographics of Norway
*The Norwegian language, including ...
, Dutch or Low German) "son (of)"
** -ssen (Dutch or Low German) "son (of)"
** -ssens or -sens (Dutch) "grandson/granddaughter of". Literally "(son/daughter) of the son of"
* -shvili (
Georgian
Georgian may refer to:
Common meanings
* Anything related to, or originating from Georgia (country)
** Georgians, an indigenous Caucasian ethnic group
** Georgian language, a Kartvelian language spoken by Georgians
**Georgian scripts, three scrip ...
) "child"
* -skas (
Lithuanian) Lithuanianized version of the Polish and Belarusian -ski
* -ski (
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
,
Belarusian,
Macedonian,
Bulgarian
Bulgarian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to the country of Bulgaria
* Bulgarians, a South Slavic ethnic group
* Bulgarian language, a Slavic language
* Bulgarian alphabet
* A citizen of Bulgaria, see Demographics of Bulgaria
* Bul ...
,
Sorbian,
Croatian. Also Russian but more often transliterated as -sky), "originating from", "estate of"
** -ska (Polish, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Macedonian, Bulgarian, Sorbian, Croatian) Feminine equivalent of -ski
* -skiy/-tskiy, -skyi/-tskyi (
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
)
** -ivskiy, -ivskyi (Ukrainian)
* -skoy/-tskoy (
Russian
Russian(s) refers to anything related to Russia, including:
*Russians (, ''russkiye''), an ethnic group of the East Slavic peoples, primarily living in Russia and neighboring countries
*Rossiyane (), Russian language term for all citizens and peo ...
) (e.g. Shakhovskoy)
* -sky/-tsky (Russian, Ukrainian)
** -skaya/-tskaya (Russian) Feminine equivalent of -sky/-tsky
** -ivsky (Ukrainian)
* -ský (
Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus'
Places
* Czech, ...
,
Slovak) "originating from", "lord of"
** -ská (Czech, Slovak) Feminine equivalent of -ský
* -skis (
Latvian) Latvianized version of the Polish and Belarusian -ski
* -sma (Frisian) "son of"
* -son (English, Swedish, German, Norwegian, Scottish,
Icelandic) "son (of)" (sometimes less recognizable, e.g. "Dixon"; in Iceland not part of a family name but the
patronymic (sometimes matronymic) last name (by law), where (usually) the fathers's name is always slightly modified and then ''son'' added)
** -sson (
Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish, Scottish) "son (of)" (in Iceland technically the first ''s'' is a separate "suffix" of the father's name according to
Icelandic language
Icelandic (; is, íslenska, link=no ) is a North Germanic language spoken by about 314,000 people, the vast majority of whom live in Iceland, where it is the national language. Due to being a West Scandinavian language, it is most closely re ...
rules, one of the most common modifications)
* -(s)son (French), diminutive
* -stad (Norwegian) "town"
* -stein (
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
) "stone"
*-strom, -strøm, -ström (Danish, Swedish) from 'current', probably an arbitrarily adopted ornamental name but possibly a topographic name for someone who lived by a river.
* -tæ (Ossetian) "belong to"
* -tabar (Persian) "descendant of"
* -tzki, -tzky (Polish) – phonetic Germanized spelling of original Polish -cki
* -uk (
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
,
Belarusian) diminutive
* -ulea (Romanian) "son of"
* -ulis (
Lithuanian)
* -uly (
Great Kazakh) "son of"
* -ūnas (Lithuanian) "son of"
* -uulu (
Kyrgyz form of -oğlu) "son of"
* -vich (
Belarusian /
Belarusian Latin: -vič/, occasionally a respelling of original Serbian, Croatian -vić) "son of"
** -vych (
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
)
** -wicz (
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
), -wic (Polish)
** -vić (
Serbian,
Croatian,
Bosnian,
Montenegrin)
** -vič (
Slovenian
Slovene or Slovenian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Slovenia, a country in Central Europe
* Slovene language, a South Slavic language mainly spoken in Slovenia
* Slovenes
The Slovenes, also known as Slovenians ( sl, Sloven ...
,
Slovak,
Czech
Czech may refer to:
* Anything from or related to the Czech Republic, a country in Europe
** Czech language
** Czechs, the people of the area
** Czech culture
** Czech cuisine
* One of three mythical brothers, Lech, Czech, and Rus'
Places
* Czech, ...
arely, -vic (Slovak, Czech
arely
** -vici (Romanianized respellings)
** -vics (Hungarianized respellings)
** -vitz, -witz, -witch, -witsch (Germanized or Anglicized respellings)
* -vičius (
Lithuanian) Lithuanianized version of the Belarusian -vich (
Belarusian Latin: -vič) and Polish -wicz
** -vičiutė (Lithuanian) signifies an unmarried female
* -vičs (
Latvian) Latvianized version of the Belarusian -vich (Belarusian Latin: -vič) and Polish –wicz
* -wala, -wallah, wali,
vala, vali (
Hindustani,
Gujarati
Gujarati may refer to:
* something of, from, or related to Gujarat, a state of India
* Gujarati people, the major ethnic group of Gujarat
* Gujarati language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by them
* Gujarati languages, the Western Indo-Aryan sub ...
,
Bengali
Bengali or Bengalee, or Bengalese may refer to:
*something of, from, or related to Bengal, a large region in South Asia
* Bengalis, an ethnic and linguistic group of the region
* Bengali language, the language they speak
** Bengali alphabet, the w ...
,
Marathi
Marathi may refer to:
*Marathi people, an Indo-Aryan ethnolinguistic group of Maharashtra, India
*Marathi language, the Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people
*Palaiosouda, also known as Marathi, a small island in Greece
See also
*
* ...
) denotes the occupation or place of origin (Occupation example: Batliwala – one who deals with bottles. Place example: Suratwala – one from Surat)
* -wan (Indonesian) denotes a male name
* -wati (Indonesian) denotes a female name
* -wi (
Arabic
Arabic (, ' ; , ' or ) is a Semitic languages, Semitic language spoken primarily across the Arab world.Semitic languages: an international handbook / edited by Stefan Weninger; in collaboration with Geoffrey Khan, Michael P. Streck, Janet C ...
) "from"
* -y (Arabic/Persian) Means descendant of.
* -y (See ''-i'')
* -yal
* -ycz (
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles
Poles,, ; singular masculine: ''Polak'', singular feminine: ''Polka'' or Polish people, are a West Slavic nation and ethnic group, w ...
)
* -yk (Polish,
Belarusian,
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
)
* -ynas (
Lithuanian) "son of"
* -ys (English) representing i. the archaic plural form, or ii. a diminutive form. Variant forms not limited to -yss, -is, -es. Pronunciation is as modern plural suffix -s; i.e. ''Sandys'' = sands; ''Foulis'' = fowls.
* -ysz (Polish)
* -za (Kurdish) "born of"
* -
zadeh
Zadeh, also Zada, is a Persian patronymic suffix meaning 'descendant of' or 'born of' used in names mainly in Iran and Azerbaijan.
Notable people whose names contain 'Zadeh' include:
* Lotfi A. Zadeh (1921–2017), mathematician, electrical en ...
, -zada (Turkish, Azeri, Persian زاده), -zai (Pashto) "son of", "descendant of"
* -zadegan (Persian, زادگان-) plural form of zadeh
See also
*
Celtic onomastics
Onomastics is an important source of information on the early Celts, as Greco-Roman historiography recorded Celtic names before substantial written information becomes available in any Celtic language.
Like Germanic names, early Celtic names are ...
*
Language identification
In natural language processing, language identification or language guessing is the problem of determining which natural language given content is in. Computational approaches to this problem view it as a special case of text categorization, solv ...
*
Lists of most common surnames
Lists of most common surnames by region:
* List of most common surnames in Asia
* List of most common surnames in Europe
* List of most common surnames in North America
* List of most common surnames in Oceania (Australia, New Zealand)
* List of mo ...
, for the various continents
*
Matriname
*
Nobiliary particle
*
Patronymic surname
A patronymic surname is a surname originated from the given name of the father or a patrilineal ancestor. Different cultures have different ways of producing patronymic surnames.
For example, early patronymic Welsh surnames were the result of th ...
*
Scandinavian family name etymology
Heritable family names were generally adopted rather late within Scandinavia. Nobility were the first to take names that would be passed on from one generation to the next. Later, clergy, artisans and merchants in cities took heritable names. Fami ...
*
Slavic name suffix
*
Tussenvoegsel
A ''tussenvoegsel'' (, ) in a Dutch name is a family name affix positioned between a person's given name and the main part of their family name. There are similar concepts in many languages, such as Celtic family name prefixes, French particle ...
(Dutch prefixes)
References
External links
Surname PrefixesSurname Suffixes
{{DEFAULTSORT:Family Name Affixes
Etymology
*
Linguistics lists
Name suffixes
English suffixes