Family K
r (also known as ''Family 35'') is a large group of the
New Testament
The New Testament grc, Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, transl. ; la, Novum Testamentum. (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon. It discusses the teachings and person of Jesus, as well as events in first-century Christ ...
manuscripts. It belongs to the
Byzantine text-type
In the textual criticism of the New Testament, the Byzantine text-type (also called Majority Text, Traditional Text, Ecclesiastical Text, Constantinopolitan Text, Antiocheian Text, or Syrian Text) is one of the main text types. It is the form fou ...
as one of the textual families of this group. The group contains no uncial manuscripts, but is represented by a substantial number of minuscules.
Description
The group was discovered by
Hermann von Soden
Baron Hermann von Soden (16 August 1852 – 15 January 1914) was a German Biblical scholar, minister, professor of divinity, and textual theorist.
Life
Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on August 16, 1852, Soden was educated at the University of Tübinge ...
in the late 19th century and designated by him with symbol K
r.
According to Soden, the group is the result of an early 12th century attempt to create a unified New Testament text; the copying was controlled and the accuracy is unequalled in the history of the transmission of the New Testament text. Text K
r gained in popularity and became the most copied Greek text of the late Middle Ages. On the basis of the present location of most of the members of the group, it appears to have originated in the area of
Constantinople
la, Constantinopolis ota, قسطنطينيه
, alternate_name = Byzantion (earlier Greek name), Nova Roma ("New Rome"), Miklagard/Miklagarth (Old Norse), Tsargrad ( Slavic), Qustantiniya (Arabic), Basileuousa ("Queen of Cities"), Megalopolis (" ...
or
Mount Athos
Mount Athos (; el, Ἄθως, ) is a mountain in the distal part of the eponymous Athos peninsula and site of an important centre of Eastern Orthodox monasticism in northeastern Greece. The mountain along with the respective part of the penins ...
.
Majority of manuscript can be recognized by the distinctive marginal lectionary equipment which are different from the traditional
Eusebian Canons
Eusebian canons, Eusebian sections or Eusebian apparatus, also known as Ammonian sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts d ...
. Von Soden used this markings to identify K
r members. The text of the group is also distinct and easy to identify.
One characteristic of these manuscripts is that the story of
Jesus and the woman taken in adultery
Jesus and the woman taken in adultery (or the ) is a passage (pericope) found in John 7:53– 8:11 of the New Testament. It has been the subject of much scholarly discussion.
In the passage, Jesus was teaching in the Second Temple after com ...
(John 7:53–8:11) is marked with
obeli
An obelus (plural: obeluses or obeli) is a term in typography that refers to a historical mark which has resolved to three modern meanings:
* Division sign
* Dagger (typography), Dagger
* Commercial minus sign (limited geographical area of u ...
. Maurice Robinson argues that these marks do not represent a textual judgment, but are intended as a reminder that these verses are to be omitted when reading the Gospel for
Pentecost
Pentecost (also called Whit Sunday, Whitsunday or Whitsun) is a Christianity, Christian holiday which takes place on the 50th day (the seventh Sunday) after Easter Sunday. It commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles in the Ne ...
(John 7:37–8:12).
David O. Voss confirmed the distinctiveness of the K
r group. He enumerated some readings typical for this group. Wilbur Pickering generated a new testament reading based on the F35 family of manuscripts.
Wisse's group readings in Luke 1, 10, and 20
The word before the bracket is the reading of the UBS edition; the readings which are not bold are those of the Textus Receptus.
: Luke 1:44 — εν αγαλλιασει το βρεφος ] το βρεφος εν αγαλλιασει
: Luke 1:55 — εις τον αιωνα ] εως αιωνος
: Luke 1:63 — εστι(ν) ] εσται
: Luke 10:4 — μη ] μηδε
: Luke 10:12 — λεγω ] + δε
: Luke 10:36 — πλησιον δοκει σοι ] δοκει σοι πλησιον
: Luke 10:39 — τον λογον ] των λογων
: Luke 10:41 — ειπεν αυτη ο κυριος (or Ιησους) ] ο κυριος ειπεν αυτη
: Luke 20:1 — αρχιερεις ] ιερεις
: Luke 20:5 — δια τι ] + ουν
: Luke 20:9 — τις ] οmit
: Luke 20:15 — αυτον ] οmit
: Luke 20:19 — τον λαον ] οmit
: Luke 20:28 — Μωυσης ] Μωσης
: Luke 20:31 — επτα ] + και
: Luke 20:34 — γαμιζονται ] εγκαμιζονται (ΤR reads: εγκαμισκονται)
: Luke 20:37 — Μωυσης ] Μωσης.
Members of the family
Wisse enumerated 221 manuscripts of this family:
Minuscule 18, 18,
35,
47,
55,
56,
58,
66,
83,
128,
141,
147 147 may refer to:
* 147 (number), a natural number
* AD 147, a year of the Julian calendar, in the second century
* 147 BC, a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar
* 147 AH, a year in the Islamic calendar that corresponds to 764 – 765 CE
...
,
155,
167,
170
Year 170 ( CLXX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Clarus and Cornelius (or, less frequently, year 923 ''Ab urbe condita ...
,
182,
189,
201
Year 201 ( CCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Fabianus and Arrius (or, less frequently, year 954 '' Ab urbe condi ...
,
204,
214,
246
__NOTOC__
Year 246 ( CCXLVI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 246th Year of the Common Era ( CE) and Anno Domini ( AD) designations, the 246th year of the 1st millennium, th ...
,
285
The year 285 ( CCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the "Year of the Consulship of Carinus and Aurelius" (or, less frequently, "year ...
,
290,
361,
363,
386,
387,
394
__NOTOC__
Year 394 (CCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known in Western Europe as the Year of the Consulship of Flavianus without colleague (or, less ...
,
402
__NOTOC__
Year 402 (Roman numerals, CDII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Arcadius and Honorius (or, less frequent ...
,
479,
480
__NOTOC__
Year 480 ( CDLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Basilius without colleague (or, less frequently, year 123 ...
,
483
__NOTOC__
Year 483 (Roman numerals, CDLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aginantius without colleague (or, le ...
(Luke corrector),
510
__NOTOC__
Year 510 ( DX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severinus without colleague (or, less frequently ...
,
511,
512,
516,
521,
547,
553
__NOTOC__
Year 553 ( DLIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 553 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar er ...
,
558,
575,
586
__NOTOC__
Year 586 ( DLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 586 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar ...
,
588,
594,
645,
660
__NOTOC__
Year 660 ( DCLX) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 660 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era b ...
,
664
__NOTOC__
Year 664 (Roman numerals, DCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 664 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini ...
,
673
__NOTOC__
Year 673 ( DCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 673 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar ...
,
685
__NOTOC__
Year 685 ( DCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 685 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era ...
,
689
__NOTOC__
Year 689 (Roman numerals, DCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 689 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Do ...
,
691
__NOTOC__
Year 691 ( DCXCI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 691 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era b ...
,
694
__NOTOC__
Year 694 ( DCXCIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 694 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar ...
,
696
__NOTOC__
Year 696 ( DCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday the (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 696 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calend ...
,
757
757 may refer to:
* Boeing 757: a narrow-body airliner
* AD 757: a year
* 757 BC: a year
* 757 (number): a number
* Area code 757
Image:Area code 757.png, The area colored red indicates the southeast corner of Virginia served by area code 757
po ...
,
758,
763
Year 763 ( DCCLXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 763 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became ...
,
769,
781
__NOTOC__
Year 781 ( DCCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 781 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Euro ...
,
786
__NOTOC__
Year 786 ( DCCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 786 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Eur ...
,
789
__NOTOC__
Year 789 ( DCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 789 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calenda ...
,
797,
802
Year 802 ( DCCCII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Byzantine Empire
* October 31 – Empress Irene is deposed after a 5-year reign, and banishe ...
,
806,
824
__NOTOC__
Year 824 ( DCCCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* November 11 – The '' Constitutio Romana'' establishes the authority of the ...
,
825
__NOTOC__
Year 825 ( DCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
India
* A group of Persio-Assyrian adherents of the Church of the East, under the leade ...
,
845,
867,
897
__NOTOC__
Year 897 ( DCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place Europe
* Spring – King Lambert II travels to Rome with his mother, Queen Agelt ...
,
928
Year 928 (Roman numerals, CMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* King Rudolph of France, Rudolph I loses the support of Herbert II, Count of ...
,
932
Year 932 (Roman numerals, CMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Summer – Alberic II of Spoleto, Alberic II leads an uprising at Rome ag ...
,
938
Year 938 ( CMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* Summer – The Hungarian army invades Northern Italy with the permission of King H ...
,
940
Year 940 ( CMXL) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.
Events
By place
Europe
* The tribe of the Polans begins the construction of the following fortified settlements (Gi ...
, 952, 953, 955, 959, 960, 962, 966, 973, 975, 1003, 1020, 1023, 1025, 1030, 1046, 1059, 1062, 1072, 1075, 1082, 1092, 1095, 1111, 1116, 1145, 1156, 1147, 1158, 1165, 1169, 1176, 1185, 1189, 1190, 1199, 1224, 1234, 1236, 1247, 1250, 1251, 1276, 1323, 1328, 1329, 1334, 1339, 1348, 1389, 1400, 1401, 1409, 1435, 1445, 1453, 1461, 1462, 1471, 1476, 1480, 1482, 1487, 1488, 1489, 1492, 1493, 1496, 1499, 1501, 1503, 1508, 1517, 1543, 1544, 1548, 1551, 1552, 1559, 1560, 1572, 1576, 1584, 1596, 1599, 1600, 1601, 1614, 1617, 1619, 1621, 1622, 1625, 1628, 1633, 1634, 1636, 1637, 1638, 1648, 1649, 1650, 1656, 1658, 1659, 1664, 1667, 1686, 1694, 1698, 1699, 1703, 1713, 1813, 2122, 2135, 2204, 2221, 2260, 2261, 2273, 2284, 2296, 3222, 2323, 2355, 2364, 2367, 2370, 2382, 2399, 2407, 2452, 2454,
2460, 2466, 2483, 2496, 2503, 2520, 2554, 2621, 2635, 2673, 2689, 2692, 2709, 2765, 2767.
[F. Wisse, ''The Profile Method for the Classification and Evaluation of Manuscript Evidence'', '' William B. Eerdmans Publishing'', 1982, pp. 92-93.]
See also
*
Family E
Family E is a textual group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of its textual families, it is one of the primary early families of the Byzantine text-type. The name of the family came from the symbol of ...
*
Family Π
Family Π is a group of New Testament manuscripts. Belonging to the Byzantine text-type, it is one of the textual families of this group. The name of the family, "Π" (pronounced in English as "pie"), is drawn from the symbol used for the Codex P ...
*
Family K1
*
Family Kx
*
Family 1424
References
{{refend
Further reading
* Hermann von Soden, ''Die Schriften des Neuen Testaments, in ihrer ältesten erreichbaren Textgestalt hergestellt auf Grund ihrer Textgeschichte'', Verlag von Arthur Glaue, Berlin 1902-1910, pp. 757–765, 799-805.
* David Ole Voss, ''Is von Soden's K
r a distinct type of Text?''
JBL
JBL is an American audio equipment manufacturer headquartered in Los Angeles, California, United States. JBL serves the customer home and professional market. The professional market includes studios, installed/tour/portable sound, cars, music ...
57 (1938), pp. 311–318.
* Georgi Parpulov, 'K
r in the Gospels', in ''The New Testament in Antiquity and Byzantium: Traditional and Digital Approaches to its Texts and Editing'', ed. H.A.G. Houghton, David Parker, Holger Strutwolf, Berlin and New York 2019, pp
203-213
External links
at the ''Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism''
Greek New Testament manuscripts