Evergrande Real Estate
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The China Evergrande Group is the second largest property developer in China by sales. It is ranked 122nd on the ''Fortune'' Global 500. It is incorporated in the
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, a
British Overseas Territory The British Overseas Territories (BOTs), also known as the United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs), are fourteen dependent territory, territories with a constitutional and historical link with the United Kingdom. They are the last remna ...
, and headquartered in the Houhai Financial Center in Nanshan District, Shenzhen,
Guangdong Province Guangdong (, ), alternatively romanized as Canton or Kwangtung, is a coastal province in South China on the north shore of the South China Sea. The capital of the province is Guangzhou. With a population of 126.01 million (as of 2020) ...
, China. It was founded in 1996 by Xu Jiayin. It sells apartments mostly to upper- and middle-income dwellers. In 2018, it became the most valuable real estate company in the world. In 2021, the payments Evergrande had to make on its debt started the
2020–2022 Chinese property sector crisis The 2020–2022 Chinese property sector crisis is a current financial crisis sparked by the difficulties of Evergrande Group and other Chinese property developers in the wake of new Chinese regulations on these companies' debt limits. The crisi ...
; Evergrande's total debts were estimated in the hundreds of billions of dollars. This was one of the reasons for a drop in many
stock market indices In finance, a stock index, or stock market index, is an index that measures a stock market, or a subset of the stock market, that helps investors compare current stock price levels with past prices to calculate market performance. Two of the ...
on September 20, 2021. At the end of 2021, the Chinese government was reportedly working to restructure Evergrande in order to resolve the crisis. The group also sought a moratorium on the early repayment option on one of its yuan-denominated bonds from its bondholders on 7 January 2022. In April 2022, Reuters reported that construction had been started again at many projects and that the company still had liabilities of US$300 billion.


History

Formerly called the Hengda Group, Evergrande was founded by Xu Jiayin in the southern Chinese city of Guangzhou in 1996, during a period of mass urbanization in China. In October 2009, the company raised $722 million U.S. in an initial public offering on the
Stock Exchange of Hong Kong The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong (SEHK, also known as Hong Kong Stock Exchange) is a stock exchange based in Hong Kong. As of the end of 2020, it has 2,538 listed companies with a combined market capitalization of HK$47 trillion. It is repo ...
(SEHK). In 2022, the company announced it would move its headquarters to Guangzhou due to a need to reduce spending.


Operations and business interests


Real estate

Evergrande Group owns of development land and real estate projects in 22 cities, including Guangzhou, Tianjin,
Shenyang Shenyang (, ; ; Mandarin pronunciation: ), formerly known as Fengtian () or by its Manchu language, Manchu name Mukden, is a major China, Chinese sub-provincial city and the List of capitals in China#Province capitals, provincial capital of Lia ...
, Wuhan,
Kunming Kunming (; ), also known as Yunnan-Fu, is the capital and largest city of Yunnan province, China. It is the political, economic, communications and cultural centre of the province as well as the seat of the provincial government. The headquar ...
,
Chengdu Chengdu (, ; Simplified Chinese characters, simplified Chinese: 成都; pinyin: ''Chéngdū''; Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: ), Chinese postal romanization, alternatively Romanization of Chi ...
,
Chongqing Chongqing ( or ; ; Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), Postal Romanization, alternately romanized as Chungking (), is a Direct-administered municipalities of China, municipality in Southwes ...
, Nanjing,
Zhengzhou Zhengzhou (; ), also spelt Zheng Zhou and alternatively romanized as Chengchow, is the capital and largest city of Henan Province in the central part of the People's Republic of China. Located in north-central Henan, it is one of the National ...
, Luoyang, Changsha,
Nanning Nanning (; ; za, Namzningz) is the capital and largest city by population of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in Southern China. It is known as the "Green City" because of its abundance of lush subtropical foliage. Located in the South of ...
, Xian,
Taiyuan Taiyuan (; ; ; Mandarin pronunciation: ; also known as (), ()) is the capital and largest city of Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China. Taiyuan is the political, economic, cultural and international exchange center of Shanxi Province. ...
and
Guiyang Guiyang (; ; Mandarin pronunciation: ), historically rendered as Kweiyang, is the capital of Guizhou province of the People's Republic of China. It is located in the center of the province, situated on the east of the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau, ...
in Mainland China. Notable projects by the company include Ocean Flower Island in Hainan. Evergrande Real Estate is the second-largest real estate developer in Mainland China. It is known as "Wan Heng Bi" with the other two top three real estate companies: Vanke (''Wan''ke) and Country Garden (''Bi''guiyuan). The firm has developed projects in over 170 cities in Mainland China. Evergrande Plaza, in Chengdu, was designed by Aedas, and completed in 2014.


Tourism and recreation

Evergrande owns two major theme park brands "Hengda children of the world", "Hengda water world", and Hainan has a large tourist complex "Chinese island of Hainan to spend". The under-construction Ocean Flower Island in Hainan is one of its major projects.


Sports

In 2010, it acquired football club
Guangzhou Evergrande F.C. Guangzhou Football Club, formerly known as Guangzhou Evergrande Taobao Football Club, is a professional Chinese football club that participates in the Chinese Super League under the license of the Chinese Football Association. The team is based ...
and invested heavily to acquire top players. In 2013, under
Marcello Lippi Marcello Romeo Lippi (; born 12 April 1948) is an Italian former professional football player and manager, who led the Italian national team to victory in the 2006 FIFA World Cup. He was appointed as Italy head coach in the summer of 2004 and 2 ...
, the club won the
2013 AFC Champions League The 2013 AFC Champions League was the 32nd edition of the top-level Asian club football tournament organized by the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), and the 11th under the current AFC Champions League title. The defending champions, Ulsan Hyu ...
. Alibaba also has a 50% stake in the football club. On 16 April 2020, Evergrande opened the construction of
Guangzhou Evergrande Football Stadium The Guangzhou Evergrande Football Stadium was a football stadium under construction in Guangzhou, China as the future home venue of Chinese professional club Guangzhou F.C. The construction of the 12 billion yuan (US$1.7 billion) stadium began on ...
in Xie Village, Panyu District, Guangzhou.
Evergrande Football School Evergrande Football School is a football school located in Qingyuan, Guangdong, China. Owned by the Evergrande Group The China Evergrande Group is the second largest property developer in China by sales. It is ranked 122nd on the ''Fortun ...
is a football tutoring school. The company was a sponsor of the Women's Guangdong Evergrande Volleyball Club, terminating their contract after 8 years in October 2021.


Automotive

In 2018, Evergrande acquired a 45% stake in electric vehicle company Faraday Future for $2 billion through its Evergrande Health subsidiary. In July 2019, the company partnered with State Grid Corporation of China to develop electric vehicle charging stations. Later in November 2019, Evergrande announced that it would invest ¥45 billion over the following three years to develop new energy vehicles, build three production bases in Nansha, Guangzhou and Shanghai, and launch
electric vehicle An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion. It can be powered by a collector system, with electricity from extravehicular sources, or it can be powered autonomously by a battery (sometimes cha ...
s branded as "Evergrande New Energy Vehicle" in 2020, creating the
Hengchi Hengchi (), officially Shenzhen Hengchi Automobile Trading Co.,Ltd, is a Chinese automobile manufacturer that specializes in developing electric vehicles owned by Evergrande Group The China Evergrande Group is the second largest property de ...
electric vehicle An electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion. It can be powered by a collector system, with electricity from extravehicular sources, or it can be powered autonomously by a battery (sometimes cha ...
brand. In June 2020, Evergrande Group acquired the remaining 49% of
NEVS NEVS AB (an abbreviated form of "National Electric Vehicle Sweden") is a Swedish electric car manufacturer which acquired the assets of Saab Automobile from a bankruptcy estate in 2012. NEVS is the trademark of the company's products includin ...
for $380 million, after having acquired 51% of the shares for $931 million in 2019. Evergrande NEV has stated that it will start making electric cars by 2022.


Health

In March 2015, Evergrande acquired New Media Group Holdings and renamed it Evergrande Health. Evergrande Health Group operates the "Evergrande Health Valley" in
Nanning Nanning (; ; za, Namzningz) is the capital and largest city by population of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in Southern China. It is known as the "Green City" because of its abundance of lush subtropical foliage. Located in the South of ...
. The Health Valley is a health and wellness park, and retirement community. It also works with
Brigham and Women's Hospital Brigham and Women's Hospital (BWH) is the second largest teaching hospital of Harvard Medical School and the largest hospital in the Longwood Medical and Academic Area, Longwood Medical Area in Boston, Massachusetts. Along with Massachusetts Gener ...
in Massachusetts to manage Boao Evergrande International Hospital in Hainan. Evergrande Health is both a division and a listed company. However, the listed company portion was renamed into China Evergrande New Energy Vehicle Group Limited in August 2020. The health division is still part of China Evergrande New Energy Vehicle Group Limited and in turn part of Evergrande Group as of 2021.


Entertainment

HengTen Networks was formed in 2015 in partnership with Tencent. In October 2020, HengTen Networks announced that it would acquire Ruyi Pictures for HK$7.2 billion. In August 2021, the company sold a 7% stake in HengTen to Tencent for US$418 million. Later in 2021, Evergrande sold off its remaining stake in HengTen, ending their relationship with Tencent.


Finance

In November 2015, Evergrande acquired a 50% stake in Sino-Singapore Great Eastern Life Insurance Company for $617 million and changed its name to Evergrande Life. It also owns shares in
Shengjing Bank Shengjing Bank (in ) is a commercial bank, with its headquarters in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China. It was established in 1996 as Shenyang City Commercial Bank and opened in Shenyang City only. It changed its name to Shengjing Bank in 200 ...
. Evergrande has also sold wealth management products to consumers.


Food and agriculture

In 2014, Evergrande Group launched its "Hengda Bingquan" (later "Evergrande Spring") mineral water brand and invested ¥5.54 billion in it, including hiring Jackie Chan to promote the brand. Evergrande's water brand received significant negative attention from Korean consumers, as the water source on the label was listed as "Jang bai shan" ( Changbai mountains) rather than the Korean name " Mount Baekdusan." The use of the Chinese name of the mountain—which borders China and North Korea—is a point of stress between China and South Korea. In September 2016, after a loss of ¥4 billion, Evergrande sold its
agribusiness Agribusiness is the industry, enterprises, and the field of study of value chains in agriculture and in the bio-economy, in which case it is also called bio-business or bio-enterprise. The primary goal of agribusiness is to maximize profit w ...
units, which included its mineral water brand, dairy business, and grain and oil business, for ¥2.7 billion. Later that year, Evergrande announced it was investing ¥300 million to build more than 110
pig farm Pig farming or pork farming or hog farming is the raising and breeding of domestic pigs as livestock, and is a branch of animal husbandry. Pigs are farmed principally for food (e.g. pork: bacon, ham, gammon) and skins. Pigs are amenable to ...
s in southwestern Guizhou province.


Financial data


Financial problems

In 2016, the Hong Kong
Market Misconduct Tribunal The Market Misconduct Tribunal () is an independent body in Hong Kong which is established under the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571) (SFO), and is chaired by a judge or former judge of the High Court who sits with two members. Back ...
suspended American short seller and Citron Research founder Andrew Left for five years, due to the publication of a highly critical report on the company, "finding him culpable of disclosing false or misleading information inducing transactions under the Securities and Futures Ordinance (SFO) in the publication of a research report on Evergrande Real Estate Group Limited (Evergrande) in June 2012." The trading ban "has raised concerns over freedom of speech in Hong Kong’s financial markets" according to the ''New York Times''. In summer of 2021, payments due on its debt, estimated in the hundreds of billions of dollars, resulted in the
Evergrande liquidity crisis The China Evergrande Group is the second largest property developer in China by sales. It is ranked 122nd on the ''Fortune'' Global 500. It is incorporated in the Cayman Islands, a British Overseas Territory, and headquartered in the Houhai ...
. This was one of the reasons for a drop in many stock market indices on 20 September 2021. On 21 October, 2021, Evergrande announced that a $2.6 billion asset sale that would have been used to pay an $83 million interest payment it missed in September, 2021 had failed to close. On 10 November 2021, Evergrande defaulted on 3 more bonds after missing the grace period for interest payments. Although major news outlets reported they fulfilled the payments after the deadline, these claims can not be verified because anonymous sources are cited in the major financial media outlets about the bond payments since September. Although the scale of debt is huge, from the perspective of financial data alone, Evergrande has not yet reached the point of "insolvency". According to the aforementioned financial report, Evergrande's current land reserve is worth RMB 456.8 billion, and together with 146 old reform projects, the total value of the land reserve is nearly RMB 2 trillion. In addition, there are many completed commercial properties and holdings, such as the headquarters building in Hong Kong, worth around RMB 10 billion. On 17 December 2021, Evergrande was officially declared to be in default by S&P Global after missing a bond payment earlier in the month. On 3 January 2022, Evergrande shares were suspended from trading, without a reason being provided by the company. They resumed trading a day later and stock prices rose by 10%. On 15 March 2022, Evergrande's share price sank to a new all-time low of HK$1.16 (US$0.15), down from a high of over HK$31 in October 2017. On 30 March 2022, Evergrande announced the decision to sell its Crystal City Project in Hangzhou for 3.66 billion yuan to Zhejiang Zhejian Real Estate Group and Zhejiang Construction Engineering Group, using the proceeds to repay construction debt of 920.7 million yuan to Zhejiang Construction Engineering. The deal is expected to post a gain of about 216 million yuan.


See also

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Real estate in China Real estate in China is developed and managed by public, private, and state-owned red chip enterprises. In the years leading up to the 2008 financial crisis, the real estate sector in China was growing so rapidly that the government implemented ...


References


External links

{{Automotive industry in China 2009 initial public offerings Civilian-run enterprises of China Companies based in Guangzhou Companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange Real estate companies established in 1996 Real estate companies of China