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Eva Gabriele Reichmann (16 January 1897 – 15 September 1998) was an eminent German
historian
A historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the st ...
and
sociologist. From 1945 on she conducted research on
anti-Semitism
Antisemitism (also spelled anti-semitism or anti-Semitism) is hostility to, prejudice towards, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is considered to be a form of racism.
Antis ...
. Reichmann was Jewish.
Obituary: Eva Reichmann
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Life
Eva Gabriele Reichmann (née ''Jungmann'') was born in Lublinitz (Upper-Silesia) the daughter of Adolf and Agnes Jungmann. She was married to the lawyer Hans Reichmann. Between 1924 and 1939 both worked for the Centralverein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens, one of the most important organisations focused on the protection of Judaism in Germany. In 1938, in the course of the Novemberpogrome her husband was imprisoned in the Sachsenhausen concentration camp
Sachsenhausen () or Sachsenhausen-Oranienburg was a German Nazi concentration camp in Oranienburg, Germany, used from 1936 until April 1945, shortly before the defeat of Nazi Germany in May later that year. It mainly held political prisoner ...
. After that the couple emigrated to London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
in 1939.
In London she worked as a translator for BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC
Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
's tapping service. In 1945 she earned her second doctorate at the
London School of Economics
The London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) is a public university, public research university located in London, England and a constituent college of the federal University of London. Founded in 1895 by Fabian Society members Sidn ...
by the work ''Hostages of Civilization: A Study of the Social Causes of Anti-Semitism in Germany''. Therein she analysed the downfall of Germany's Jewish communities and described the specific national socialistic anti-Semitism as an extreme example of a common
xenophobia
Xenophobia () is the fear or dislike of anything which is perceived as being foreign or strange. It is an expression of perceived conflict between an in-group and out-group and may manifest in suspicion by the one of the other's activities, a ...
against religious-ethnic minorities and as a compensation of a deep-rooted uncertainty of the German patriotism. Although this explanatory approach of the
Holocaust
The Holocaust, also known as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. Between 1941 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered some six million Jews across German-occupied Europe; ...
is well differentiated nowadays and is not supported any more, her work did encourage further research on that topic substantially.
As one of the first German speaking historians and persecuted Jews she collected and archived reports of persecuted Jewish people and eyewitnesses for the
Wiener Library
The Wiener Holocaust Library () is the world's oldest institution devoted to the study of the Holocaust, its causes and legacies. Founded in 1933 as an information bureau that informed Jewish communities and governments worldwide about the pe ...
's research department. As its director she evaluated the minutes of the
Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg trials were held by the Allies against representatives of the defeated Nazi Germany, for plotting and carrying out invasions of other countries, and other crimes, in World War II.
Between 1939 and 1945, Nazi Germany invaded m ...
. At the same time she strongly engaged in the reconciliation of the survivors of the Holocaust and expelled German Jews with the
Federal Republic of Germany
Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated between ...
. For this she was awarded the
Moses-Mendelssohn-Prize in 1982 and the
Great Cross of Merit of Germany in the following year. Later she received the
Buber-Rosenzweig-Medal The Buber-Rosenzweig-Medaille is an annual prize awarded since 1968 by the Deutscher Koordinierungsrat der Gesellschaften für Christlich-Jüdische Zusammenarbeit
(DKR; German Coordinating Council of Societies for Christian-Jewish Cooperation) to in ...
. She died in
London
London is the capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary dow ...
.
Reichmann is deemed to be an outstanding scientist, who, as an affected contemporary witness, began research on the development of the Holocaust directly after the end of the war and thereby contributed importantly to clarification and reconciliation.
Her sister was
Elisabeth Jungmann
Elisabeth Jungmann (Lady Beerbohm) (1894 – 28 December 1958) was an interpreter and the secretary, literary executor and second wife of the writer, caricaturist and parodist Sir Max Beerbohm.
Born to a German Jewish family in Lublinitz ...
, the secretary and second wife of
caricaturist
A caricaturist is an artist who specializes in drawing caricatures.
List of caricaturists
* Abed Abdi (born 1942)
* Al Hirschfeld (1903–2003)
* Alex Gard (1900–1948)
* Alexander Saroukhan (1898–1977)
* Alfred Grévin (1827–1892)
* Alf ...
and
parodist Max Beerbohm
Sir Henry Maximilian Beerbohm (24 August 1872 – 20 May 1956) was an English essayist, parodist and caricaturist under the signature Max. He first became known in the 1890s as a dandy and a humorist. He was the drama critic for the '' Saturd ...
.
Works
*''Größe und Verhängnis deutsch-jüdischer Existenz. Zeugnisse einer tragischen Begegnung.'' Mit einem Geleitwort von
Helmut Gollwitzer
Helmut Gollwitzer (29 December 1908 – 17 October 1993) was a German Protestant (Lutheran) theologian and author.
Born in Pappenheim, Bavaria, Gollwitzer studied Protestant theology in Munich, Erlangen, Jena and Bonn (1928–1932); he later ...
. Lambert Schneider, Heidelberg 1974
*''Hostages of Civilisation. A Study of the Social Causes of Antisemitism.'' Association of Jewish Refugees Information, April 1945
*German: ''Die Flucht in den Hass. Die Ursachen der deutschen Judenkatastrophe.'' Frankfurt am Main 1951
*Editor: ''Worte des Gedenkens für
Leo Baeck
Leo Baeck (23 May 1873 – 2 November 1956) was a 20th-century German rabbi, scholar, and theologian. He served as leader of Reform Judaism in his native country and internationally, and later represented all German Jews during the Nazi er ...
.'' Lambert Schneider, Heidelberg 1959
See also
*
Hannah Arendt
References
External links
Guide to the Eva Reichmann Collectionat the
Leo Baeck Institute, New York
The Leo Baeck Institute New York (LBI) is a research institute in New York City dedicated to the study of German-Jewish history and culture, founded in 1955. It is one of three independent research centers founded by a group of German-speaking J ...
.
{{DEFAULTSORT:Reichmann, Eva Gabriele
1897 births
1998 deaths
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom
Alumni of the London School of Economics
British centenarians
German centenarians
People from Lubliniec
Jewish historians
Historians of Jews and Judaism
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
People from the Province of Silesia
20th-century German historians
German women historians
20th-century German women writers
Women centenarians