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''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family
Pieridae The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing about 1,100 species, mostly from tropical Africa and tropical Asia with some varieties in the more northern regions of North America and Eurasia.DeVries P. J. in Le ...
. Species range from
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,
Africa Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both cases. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area ...
, Australia, and
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, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''
Eurema daira ''Eurema daira'', the fairy yellow, barred yellow or barred sulphur, is a butterfly Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large ...
''). There are over 70 species in the genus, but more than 300 synonymous names have been applied to them. Some species, such as the common African grass yellow ('' E. hecabe'') have over 80 synonyms. The genus itself has over 15 junior generic synonyms. This is the price of being a widespread taxon, as well as a zoogeographical problem.


Species

Listed alphabetically within groups: ''Eurema''
page on Markku Savela's butterfly website * '' Eurema ada'' (Distant & Pryer, 1887) * '' Eurema alitha'' ( C.& R. Felder, 1862) – scalloped grass yellow * ''
Eurema andersonii ''Eurema andersonii'', the one-spot grass yellow or Anderson's grass yellow, is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae, that is, the yellows and whites, which is found in India and other parts of Asia. Description Subspecies and distributi ...
'' (Moore, 1886) – one-spot grass yellow * '' Eurema beatrix'' ( Toxopeus, 1939) * ''
Eurema blanda ''Eurema blanda'', the three-spot grass yellow, is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae which is found in Sri Lanka, India and southeast Asia. Description Life Cycle Egg Pale yellowish oval-shaped eggs are laid under or upper the le ...
'' (Boisduval, 1836) – three-spot grass yellow * ''
Eurema brigitta ''Eurema brigitta'', the small grass yellow or broad-bordered grass yellow, is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae, that is, the yellows and whites. It is found in India, other parts of Asia, Australia and Africa. Description The wingsp ...
'' (Stoll, 780 – small grass yellow or no brand grass yellow * ''
Eurema candida ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...
'' (Stoll, 782 * '' Eurema celebensis'' Wallace, 1867 * ''
Eurema desjardinsii ''Eurema desjardinsii'', the angled grass yellow, is a butterfly of the family Pieridae, found in Africa. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other wingtip. For example, ...
'' (Boisduval, 1833) – angled grass yellow * ?''
Eurema ecriva ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...
'' (Butler, 1873) * ''
Eurema esakii ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...
'' Shirôzu, 1953 * ''
Eurema floricola ''Eurema floricola'', the Malagasy grass yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia and on Madagascar, the Comoros, ...
'' (Boisduval, 1883) – Malagasy grass yellow * ?''
Eurema halmaherana ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...
'' Shirôzu & Yata, 1981 * ''
Eurema hapale ''Eurema hapale'', the marsh grass yellow or pale grass yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa, including the Gambia, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Nigeria, Cameroon, Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, ...
'' (Mabille, 1882) – pale grass yellow or marsh grass yellow * ''
Eurema hecabe '' Eurema hecabe'', the common grass yellow, is a small pierid butterfly species found in Asia, Africa and Australia. They are found flying close to the ground and are found in open grass and scrub habitats. It is simply known as "the grass yello ...
'' (Linnaeus, 1758) – common grass yellow * ''
Eurema herla ''Eurema herla'', the pink grass yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in northern and eastern Australia. The wingspan The wingspan (or just span) of a bird or an airplane is the distance from one wingtip to the other w ...
'' (Macleay, 1826) – pink grass yellow * ?'' Eurema hiurae'' Shirozu & Yata, 1977 * '' Eurema lacteola'' (Distant, 1886) – scarce grass yellow * ''
Eurema laeta ''Eurema laeta'', the spotless grass yellow, is a small butterfly of the Family (taxonomy), family Pieridae (the yellows and whites), which is found in India, Sri Lanka, China, Indochina, Japan, and onwards to Australia. Description Photo ga ...
'' (Boisduval,
836 __NOTOC__ Year 836 ( DCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Abbasid Caliphate * Driven by tensions between his favoured Turkish guard and the popula ...
– spotless grass yellow * '' Eurema lombokiana'' Fruhstorfer, 1897 * '' Eurema mandarinula'' (Holland, 1892) – mandarin grass yellow * ''
Eurema mentawiensis ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterfly, butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira' ...
'' Corbet, 1942 * '' Eurema novapallida'' Yata, 1992 * '' Eurema nilgiriensis'' Yata, 1990 – Nilgiri grass yellow * '' Eurema puella'' (Boisduval, 1832) – broad-margined grass yellow * '' Eurema regularis'' (Butler, 1876) – regular grass yellow * ''
Eurema sari ''Eurema sari'', the chocolate grass yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Southeast Asia. The wingspan is . Adults have a distinct brown apex on the underside of the forewing. The larvae feed on Leguminosae species. Fil ...
'' (Horsfield, 829 – chocolate grass yellow * '' Eurema sarilata'' Semper, 1891 * ''
Eurema senegalensis ''Eurema senegalensis'', the forest grass yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Guinea (the Nimba Range), Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, the Republic of the ...
'' Boisduval,
836 __NOTOC__ Year 836 ( DCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Abbasid Caliphate * Driven by tensions between his favoured Turkish guard and the popula ...
/small> – forest grass yellow * ''
Eurema simulatrix ''Eurema simulatrix'', the changeable grass yellow, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found from Burma to Sundaland, Cambodia and the Philippines. The habitat consists of secondary or disturbed habitats including forest clearings, road ...
'' (Semper, 1891) – changeable grass yellow * '' Eurema smilax'' (Donovan, 1805) – small grass yellow * '' Eurema tilaha'' (Horsfield, 829 * '' Eurema nicevillei'' (Butler, 1898) – Malayan grass yellow * '' Eurema timorensis'' Shirôzu & Yata, 1977 * '' Eurema tominia'' (Vollenhoven, 1865) * '' Eurema upembana'' (Berger, 1981) * '' Eurema zamida'' (Fruhstorfer, 1908)
Species group In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...
: * '' Eurema adamsi'' (Lathy, 1898) * '' Eurema agave'' (Cramer, 775 * '' Eurema albula'' (Cramer, 776 – ghost yellow * '' Eurema amelia'' (Poey,
832 __NOTOC__ Year 832 ( DCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 832nd year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 832nd year of the 1st millennium, ...
* '' Eurema arbela'' Geyer,
832 __NOTOC__ Year 832 ( DCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar, the 832nd year of the Common Era (CE) and ''Anno Domini'' (AD) designations, the 832nd year of the 1st millennium, ...
/small> * ''
Eurema daira ''Eurema daira'', the fairy yellow, barred yellow or barred sulphur, is a butterfly Butterflies are insects in the macrolepidopteran clade Rhopalocera from the order Lepidoptera, which also includes moths. Adult butterflies have large ...
'' (Godart, 819 (type species) – barred yellow, fairy yellow, or barred sulphur * '' Eurema deva'' (Doubleday, 1847) * '' Eurema elathea'' (Cramer, 777 * '' Eurema fabiola'' (C. & R. Felder, 1861) * '' Eurema lirina'' (Bates, 1861) * '' Eurema lucina'' (Poey, 852 * '' Eurema mexicana'' (Boisduval,
836 __NOTOC__ Year 836 ( DCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. Events By place Abbasid Caliphate * Driven by tensions between his favoured Turkish guard and the popula ...
– Mexican yellow * '' Eurema nigrocincta'' Dognin, 1889 * '' Eurema paulina'' (Bates, 1861) * '' Eurema phiale'' (Cramer, 775 * '' Eurema reticulata'' (Butler, 1871) * '' Eurema salome'' (C. & R. Felder, 1861) – Salome yellow * '' Eurema tupuntenem'' Lichy, 1976 * ''
Eurema xantochlora ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...
'' (Kollar, 1850) – tropical yellow Species group abaeis: * '' Eurema nicippe'' (Cramer,
779 __NOTOC__ Year 779 ( DCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar. The denomination 779 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Eur ...
* '' Eurema nicippiformis'' Munroe, 1947 Species group pyrisitia: * '' Eurema chamberlaini'' Butler, 1897 * '' Eurema dina'' (Poey, 1832) – bush sulphur or dina yellow * '' Eurema euterpiformis'' Munroe, 1947 * '' Eurema leuce'' (Boisduval, 1836) – Hall's sulphur * '' Eurema lisa'' (Boisduval & Leconte, 1829) – little yellow * '' Eurema messalina'' (Fabricius, 1787) – shy yellow * '' Eurema nise'' (Cramer, 775 – mimosa yellow * '' Eurema portoricensis'' (Dewitz, 1877) – Puerto Rican yellow * '' Eurema proterpia'' (Fabricius, 1775) – tailed orange or little jaune * '' Eurema pyro'' (Godart, 1819) * '' Eurema venusta'' (Boisduval, 1836) Species group teriocolias: * ''
Eurema zelia ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...
'' (Lucas, 1852) Unknown species group *'' Eurema doris'' (Röber, 1909) *''
Eurema irena ''Eurema irena'' is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is endemic to Sulawesi. Taxonomy ''Eurema irena'' was treated as a subspecies of ''Eurema simulatrix'', but formally raised to full species status by Yata in 1994. References iren ...
'' Corbet & Pendlebury, 1932 *'' Eurema ormistoni'' (Watkins, 1925) *''
Eurema raymundoi ''Eurema'' is a widespread genus of grass yellow butterflies in the family Pieridae. Species range from Asia, Africa, Australia, and Oceania, to the New World. The type species is the North American barred yellow (''Eurema daira''). There ...
'' (D'Almeida, 1928) *'' Eurema tondana'' (Felder, C & R Felder, 1865)


References


External links


Pteron
Images of ''Eurema'', in Japanese but with binomial names.
Seitz, A. ''Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde'' 13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 22
{{Taxonbar, from=Q784767 Coliadinae Pieridae genera Taxa named by Jacob Hübner