Eudoxiu Hurmuzachi (also spelled Eudoxiu Hurmuzache; german: link=no, Eudoxius Freiherr von Hormuzaki) (September 29, 1812, Czernawka,

Austria Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...

; February 10, 1874,

Czernowitz Chernivtsi ( uk, Чернівці́}, ; ro, Cernăuți, ; see also other names) is a city in the historical region of Bukovina, which is now divided along the borders of Romania and Ukraine, including this city, which is situated on the up ...

, Austria, buried in Dulcești,

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

) was a

Romanian Romanian may refer to: *anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania **Romanians, an ethnic group **Romanian language, a Romance language ***Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language **Romanian cuisine, traditional ...

historian, politician (

Landeshauptmann Landeshauptmann (if male) or Landeshauptfrau (if female) (, "state captain", plural ''Landeshauptleute'') is the chairman of a state government and the supreme official of an Austrian state and the Italian autonomous provinces of South Tyrol an ...

of the Duchy of Bucovina) and patriot.

Origins

Hurmuzachi was born into a family of old noble lineage (see

Hurmuzachi brothers The Hurmuzachi brothers, Alexandru (1823-1871), Constantin (1811-1869), Eudoxiu (1812-1874), Gheorghe (1817-1882), and Nicolae (1826-1909), were members of an old Hurmuzachi family of Romanian nobles in Austrian BukovinaChastain with an estate ...

), as the second son of Doxache Hurmuzachi, at the family estate in Cernăuca,

(now

Chornivka Chornivka ( uk, Чорнівка, ro, Cernăuca, german: Czernowka) is a village in Chernivtsi Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine. It belongs to Chernivtsi urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. It is located in th ...

, Ukraine), located in the historic region of

Bukovina Bukovinagerman: Bukowina or ; hu, Bukovina; pl, Bukowina; ro, Bucovina; uk, Буковина, ; see also other languages. is a historical region, variously described as part of either Central or Eastern Europe (or both).Klaus Peter BergerT ...

. His father used to offer refuge to persecuted Romanian political leaders from

Transylvania Transylvania ( ro, Ardeal or ; hu, Erdély; german: Siebenbürgen) is a historical and cultural region in Central Europe, encompassing central Romania. To the east and south its natural border is the Carpathian Mountains, and to the west the Ap ...

, and went into considerable debt for this. Together with his brothers, Eudoxiu would become one of the leading figures of the Romanian national movement in Bukovina.

Activity

Wappen des Freiherren Eudoxius von Hormuzaki

Hurmuzachi went to

Vienna en, Viennese , iso_code = AT-9 , registration_plate = W , postal_code_type = Postal code , postal_code = , timezone = CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST ...

to study history; there he experienced the events of 1848, and decided to interrupt his studies. He returned home and participated in the movement to introduce the

Romanian language Romanian (obsolete spellings: Rumanian or Roumanian; autonym: ''limba română'' , or ''românește'', ) is the official and main language of Romania and the Moldova, Republic of Moldova. As a minority language it is spoken by stable communi ...

at the Theological Institute in

(now Chernivtsi, Ukraine; known as Cernăuți during Romanian rule), and to establish a Romanian language and literature course at the Institute for Philosophic Studies, also in Czernowitz. In 1849, he petitioned the Austrian emperor to transform Bukovina into a

duchy A duchy, also called a dukedom, is a Middle Ages, medieval country, territory, fiefdom, fief, or domain ruled by a duke or duchess, a ruler hierarchically second to the king or Queen regnant, queen in Western European tradition. There once exis ...

of the Crown (a “

crown land Crown land (sometimes spelled crownland), also known as royal domain, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies the Crown. It is the equivalent of an entailed estate and passes with the monarchy, being inseparable from it. ...

”, ''Kronland'' in German), with rights equal to those of the other lands and

kingdom Kingdom commonly refers to: * A monarchy ruled by a king or queen * Kingdom (biology), a category in biological taxonomy Kingdom may also refer to: Arts and media Television * ''Kingdom'' (British TV series), a 2007 British television drama s ...

s of the

Austrian Empire The Austrian Empire (german: link=no, Kaiserthum Oesterreich, modern spelling , ) was a Central-Eastern European multinational great power from 1804 to 1867, created by proclamation out of the realms of the Habsburgs. During its existence, ...

; the petition was granted. He also contributed articles to the ''Bucovina'' newspaper in Cernăuți between 1848 and 1850. After the political upheaval abated, he returned to continue studying history at the Vienna State Archives. At this time, the inhabitants around

Câmpulung Moldovenesc Câmpulung Moldovenesc (; formerly spelled ''Cîmpulung Moldovenesc'') is a town in Suceava County, northeastern Romania. It is situated in the historical region of Bukovina. Câmpulung Moldovenesc is the fourth largest urban settlement in the c ...

asked him to do research in order to regain lands that had been confiscated from them. He was successful, and the people of Câmpulung erected a small stone monument as a token of their gratitude. In 1861, he was elected as their representative in both the local council (Diet) of Bukovina and the Imperial Parliament in Vienna. In 1860, when Bukovina was incorporated into Galicia, he petitioned the emperor and the minister to re-establish the autonomy of the province. He was again successful, and Bukovina’s status as a crown land was restored. The emperor then named him captain of Bukovina in 1864. An imperial decree also granted him the title of

baron Baron is a rank of nobility or title of honour, often hereditary, in various European countries, either current or historical. The female equivalent is baroness. Typically, the title denotes an aristocrat who ranks higher than a lord or knig ...

. On August 2, 1872 he was elected as a member of the

Romanian Academy The Romanian Academy ( ro, Academia Română ) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life. According to its byl ...

. Throughout his entire career as a historian, he collected and published 12 volumes of historical documents.

References

*I. G. Sbiera, "Hurmuzachi," ''Enciclopedia Română'', (1900), II, 736-739. *Nicolae Bănescu "Corespondența familiei Hurmuzaki cu Gheorghe Bariț" Vălenii-de-Munte, 1911. *Teodor Bălan "Frații George și Alexandru Hurmuzachi și ziarul Bucovina", Cernauți, 1924. *Teodor Bălan "Activitatea refugiaților moldoveni în Bucovina", Sibiu, 1944.

External links

* James Chastain
Hurmuzachi Brothers
in online "Encyclopedia of 1848 revolutions" * Carmen Preotesoiu

''

Jurnalul Național ''Jurnalul Național'' is a Romanian newspaper, part of the INTACT Media Group led by Dan Voiculescu, which also includes the popular television station Antena 1. The newspaper was launched in 1993. Its headquarters is in Bucharest Bucharest ...

'', 2 December 2005—article about the Hurmuzachi family {{DEFAULTSORT:Hurmuzachi, Eudoxiu 1812 births 1874 deaths People from Chernivtsi Oblast Barons of Austria Romanian people of Greek descent Ethnic Romanian politicians in Bukovina Members of the Austrian House of Deputies (1867–1870) Romanian nationalists 19th-century Romanian people 19th-century Romanian historians Titular members of the Romanian Academy