''Epidendrum'' sect. ''Schistochila''

Rchb.f. Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach (Dresden, 3 January 1823 – Hamburg, 6 May 1889) was a botanist and the foremost German orchidologist of the 19th century. His father Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach (author of ''Icones Florae Germanicae et Helve ...

(1861) is a section of the subgenus ''E''. subg. ''Amphiglottium''

Lindl. John Lindley FRS (5 February 1799 – 1 November 1865) was an English botanist, gardener and orchidologist. Early years Born in Catton, near Norwich, England, John Lindley was one of four children of George and Mary Lindley. George Lindley w ...

(1841) of the Genus ''

Epidendrum ''Epidendrum'' , abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,500 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ''επί, epi'' and ''δένδρο ...

'' of the

Orchidaceae Orchids are plants that belong to the family Orchidaceae (), a diverse and widespread group of flowering plants with blooms that are often colourful and fragrant. Along with the Asteraceae, they are one of the two largest families of flowering ...

. ''E''. sect. ''Schistochila'' differs from the section ''E''. sect. ''Holochila'' in that the species in ''E''. sect. ''Holochila'' have undivided

lips The lips are the visible body part at the mouth of many animals, including humans. Lips are soft, movable, and serve as the opening for food intake and in the articulation of sound and speech. Human lips are a tactile sensory organ, and can be ...

; the species in ''E''. sect. ''Schistochila'' have lobate lips. The species in both ''E''. sect. ''Schistochila'' and ''E''. sect. ''Holochila'' have

racemose A raceme ( or ) or racemoid is an unbranched, indeterminate type of inflorescence bearing flowers having short floral stalks along the shoots that bear the flowers. The oldest flowers grow close to the base and new flowers are produced as the s ...

inflorescence An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed o ...

s, unlike those in ''E''. sect. ''Polycladia'' (the other section of ''E''. subg. ''Amphiglottium''), which have truly

paniculate A panicle is a much-branched inflorescence. (softcover ). Some authors distinguish it from a compound spike inflorescence, by requiring that the flowers (and fruit) be pedicellate (having a single stem per flower). The branches of a panicle are of ...

inflorescences. Like the other sections of ''E''. subg. ''Amphiglottium'', the members of ''E''. sect. ''Schistochila'' are

sympodial Sympodial growth is a bifurcating branching pattern where one branch develops more strongly than the other, resulting in the stronger branches forming the primary shoot and the weaker branches appearing laterally. A sympodium, also referred to a ...

orchids bearing thin stems with alternate leaves (not

pseudobulb The pseudobulb is a storage organ found in many epiphytic and terrestrial sympodial orchids. It is derived from a thickening of the part of a stem between leaf nodes and may be composed of just one internode or several, termed heteroblastic and ...

s), a long peduncle covered with thin, imbricating sheathes, and a lip

adnate Adnate may refer to: * Adnation, in botany, the fusion of two or more whorls of a flower * Adnate, in mycology, a classification of lamellae (gills) * Conjoined twins Conjoined twins – sometimes popularly referred to as Siamese twins – are ...

to the very end of the

column A column or pillar in architecture and structural engineering is a structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below. In other words, a column is a compression member. ...

Subsections

Reichenbach, 1861, described three subsections of ''Epidendrum'' sect. ''Schistochila'': * ''E''. subsect. ''Integra'' ("''laciniis omnibus integris'' . . . . . . . C. ''Schistochila integra''.") lip margins without any

crenulation In a geological context, crenulation or crenulation cleavage is a fabric formed in metamorphic rocks such as phyllite, schist and some gneiss by two or more stress directions causing the formation of the superimposed foliations. Formation Crenula ...

, fimbriation, denticulation, or laceration. * ''E''. subsect. ''Carinata'' ("''laciniis laceria, lobo medio lamellato'' . . . . . . D. ''Schistochila carinata.''") lacerate lip margins, medial lobe of lip with a keel (carina). * ''E''. subsect. ''Tuberculata'' ("'' laciniis laceria'' ''lobo medio nuso basi bicalloso . . E. Schistochila tuberculata''") lacerate lip margins, medial lobe of the lip with a large tubercule at the base.
A biochemical examination of the lacerate subsections encompassing

plastid The plastid (Greek: πλαστός; plastós: formed, molded – plural plastids) is a membrane-bound organelle found in the Cell (biology), cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms. They are considered to be intracellular endosy ...

nucleotide sequence data from the ''trn''L—''trn''F regions, Amplified Fragment Length Polyorphism ( AFLP) data, and somatic chromosome number for 30 individuals in three of the thirteen recognized species of ''E''. subsect. ''Tuberculata'' and twenty individuals in eleven of the twelve recognized species of ''E''. subsect. ''Carinata'' suggested the following conclusions:Fábio Pinheiro, Samantha Koehler, Andréa Macêdo Corrêa, Maria Luiza Faria Salatino, Antonio Salatino & Fábio de Barros. "Phylogenetic relationships and infrageneric classification of ''Epidendrum'' subgenus ''Amphiglottium'' (Laeliinae, Orchidaceae)", ''Plant Systematics and Evolution'' published online 25 September 2009. Springer Wien. https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00606-009-0224-2 * The section ''E''. sect. ''Schistochila'' is

monophyletic In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic gro ...

; * The subsection ''E''. subsect. ''Tuberculata'' is

; * The subsection ''E''. subsect. ''Carinata'' is

polyphyletic A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of converg ...

and resolvable into an "Atlantic" and an "Andean" clade; * The species '' E. radicans'' is a sister to the remaining subsections of ''E''. sect. ''Schistochila''. * The three species of ''E''. subsect. ''Tuberculata'' ('' E. cochlidium'', '' E. secundum'', and '' E. xanthinum'') might not be

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q5382813 Plant sections