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''Enoplosus armatus'', commonly referred to as the old wife (plural: old wives), is a species of perciform fish endemic to the temperate coastal waters of Australia. It is the only modern species in the family Enoplosidae.
It has a deep and compressed body and concave forehead. These features are characteristic of typical butterflyfishes. However, the old wife is easily distinguished by its silver-and-black, vertical, zebra-striped coloration, and by its two prominent dorsal fins. The second dorsal fin is very long and sickle-shaped. The fish grows up to 50 cm long.
Its dorsal fins have bony, knife-like spines.Carl Edmonds, ''Dangerous marine creatures'', 1989. "Although it has been described as venomous, this apparently is of a variable nature as many lacerations from the knife-like dorsal spines have been known by this author to be relatively painless. It appears as if the pain and bleeding may be inversely related, ..." p.70 These have no obvious venom groove nor gland. Nonetheless, the spines are widely considered to inflict a painful venom.
The name "old wife" refers to the sound it makes when caught, caused by it grinding its teeth.Old Wife
The Australian Museum. Other vernacular names have included "bastard dory", "zebra-fish" (also used for '' Girella zebra''), and "double scalare". It has a similar range and appearance to the Moonlighter (''Tilodon sexfasciatus'').
The old wife was originally classified in the genus ''
/ref> In 1836, Louis Agassiz, Agassiz identified closely related fossils at
''An etymological and explanatory dictionary of the terms and language of geology''
/ref> Exceptionally well-preserved fossils show the basic body plan and even the zebra pattern of colouring have not changed significantly over the last 50 million years.
It has a deep and compressed body and concave forehead. These features are characteristic of typical butterflyfishes. However, the old wife is easily distinguished by its silver-and-black, vertical, zebra-striped coloration, and by its two prominent dorsal fins. The second dorsal fin is very long and sickle-shaped. The fish grows up to 50 cm long.
Its dorsal fins have bony, knife-like spines.Carl Edmonds, ''Dangerous marine creatures'', 1989. "Although it has been described as venomous, this apparently is of a variable nature as many lacerations from the knife-like dorsal spines have been known by this author to be relatively painless. It appears as if the pain and bleeding may be inversely related, ..." p.70 These have no obvious venom groove nor gland. Nonetheless, the spines are widely considered to inflict a painful venom.
The name "old wife" refers to the sound it makes when caught, caused by it grinding its teeth.Old WifeThe Australian Museum. Other vernacular names have included "bastard dory", "zebra-fish" (also used for '' Girella zebra''), and "double scalare". It has a similar range and appearance to the Moonlighter (''Tilodon sexfasciatus'').
History
The old wife was originally classified in the genus ''Chaetodon
''Chaetodon'' is a tropical fish genus in the family Chaetodontidae. Like their relatives, they are known as "butterflyfish". This genus is by far the largest among the Chaetodontidae, with about 90 living species included here, though most migh ...
'' (with the typical butterflyfishes), but it is now classified as the sole modern species of its own family Enoplosidae and genus ''Enoplosus''. Some fossils have also been added to the genus.
The first description of the species, one of the earliest for any Australian fish, was in 1790 by John White in his ''Journal of a Voyage to New South Wales'' though some sources give George Shaw George Shaw may refer to:
* George Shaw (biologist) (1751–1813), English botanist and zoologist
* George B. Shaw (1854–1894), U.S. Representative from Wisconsin
* George Bernard Shaw (1856–1950), Irish playwright
* George C. Shaw (1866–196 ...
(who assisted White in the preparation of his manuscript) as the species authority. White originally named it the long-spined chaetodon (''Chætodon armatus'') and described it as follows:
The species was reclassified by Lacépède Lacepede can refer to:
* Bernard Germain de Lacépède (1756–1825), French naturalist and politician.
* Lacepede Bay, a bay in South Australia.
* Lacépède, Lot-et-Garonne, a ''commune'' in France
* Lacepede Islands, a group of four islands in t ...
into its own genus (named from "weapon" in Greek to again reflect the long spines), and was moved by Cuvier
Jean Léopold Nicolas Frédéric, Baron Cuvier (; 23 August 1769 – 13 May 1832), known as Georges Cuvier, was a French naturalist and zoologist, sometimes referred to as the "founding father of paleontology". Cuvier was a major figure in nat ...
from Chaetodontidae into its own separate family within Percoidei.L. Agassiz. 1836. Recherches Sur Les Poissons Fossiles. Tome IV (livr. 6). Imprimerie de Petitpierre, Neuchatel 53-10/ref> In 1836, Louis Agassiz, Agassiz identified closely related fossils at
Monte Bolca
Monte Bolca is a lagerstätte near Verona, Italy that was one of the first fossil sites with high quality preservation known to Europeans, and is still an important source of fossils from the Eocene.
Geology
Monte Bolca was uplifted from the T ...
(an important fossil site in Europe) as ''Enoplosus pygopterus'' (named for its smaller fins). Pygon+ pteron. George Roberts, ''An etymological and explanatory dictionary of the terms and language of geology''
/ref> Exceptionally well-preserved fossils show the basic body plan and even the zebra pattern of colouring have not changed significantly over the last 50 million years.
References
* * *External links
{{Taxonbar, from=Q162274 Taxa named by John White (surgeon) Fish described in 1790 Extant Danian first appearances