''Enoplognatha'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

of comb-footed spiders that was first described by P. Pavesi in 1880. They have both a large

colulus Cribellum literally means "little sieve", and in biology the term generally applies to anatomical structures in the form of tiny perforated plates. In certain groups of diatoms it refers to microscopically punctured regions of the frustule, or o ...

and a subspherical

abdomen The abdomen (colloquially called the belly, tummy, midriff, tucky or stomach) is the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates. The abdomen is the front part of the abdominal segment of the torso. ...

. Males usually have enlarged chelicerae. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Symopagia''. Among the theridiids, they are medium to large sized. ''E. maricopa'', a red-brown spider with a mottled purplish abdomen, has males that reach a length of , and females that reach . ''E. peruviana'' females can grow to long, and female ''E. zapfeae'' can grow to .

Species

it contains seventy-four species with a

cosmopolitan distribution In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext ...

, including

Greenland Greenland ( kl, Kalaallit Nunaat, ; da, Grønland, ) is an island country in North America that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland is t ...

and

Western Australia Western Australia (commonly abbreviated as WA) is a state of Australia occupying the western percent of the land area of Australia excluding external territories. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to th ...

: *'' E. abrupta'' ( Karsch, 1879) –

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

(Far East),

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...

Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...

*'' E. afrodite'' Hippa & Oksala, 1983 –

Southern Europe Southern Europe is the southern regions of Europe, region of Europe. It is also known as Mediterranean Europe, as its geography is essentially marked by the Mediterranean Sea. Definitions of Southern Europe include some or all of these countrie ...

*'' E. almeriensis'' Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999 –

Portugal Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...

Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...

*'' E. angkora'' Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 – China *'' E. apaya'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 –

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

*'' E. bidens'' Simon, 1908 –

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

(Western

) *'' E. biskrensis'' Denis, 1945 –

Morocco Morocco (),, ) officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the westernmost country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to ...

Algeria ) , image_map = Algeria (centered orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = , image_map2 = , capital = Algiers , coordinates = , largest_city = capital , relig ...

Tunisia ) , image_map = Tunisia location (orthographic projection).svg , map_caption = Location of Tunisia in northern Africa , image_map2 = , capital = Tunis , largest_city = capital , ...

*'' E. bobaiensis'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' E. bryjai'' Řezáč, 2016 – Czechia *'' E. cariasoi'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' E. caricis'' (Fickert, 1876) –

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ...

, Russia (

to Far East), China, Korea, Japan *'' E. carinata'' Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999 – Morocco, Algeria *'' E. daweiensis'' Yin & Yan, 2012 – China *'' E. deserta'' Levy & Amitai, 1981 – Morocco to Israel, Russia (Europe) *'' E. diodonta'' Zhu & Zhang, 1992 –

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

, China *'' E. diversa'' ( Blackwall, 1859) – Canary Is., Madeira, Portugal, Spain,

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

, Morocco to Greece *'' E. franzi'' Wunderlich, 1995 – Mediterranean,

Iraq Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to Iraq–Turkey border, the north, Iran to Iran–Iraq ...

*'' E. fuyangensis'' Barrion & He, 2017 – China *'' E. gemina'' Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999 – Mediterranean to Azerbaijan *'' E. gershomi'' Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999 –

Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...

*'' E. giladensis'' (Levy & Amitai, 1982) –

Greece Greece,, or , romanized: ', officially the Hellenic Republic, is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the southern tip of the Balkans, and is located at the crossroads of Europe, Asia, and Africa. Greece shares land borders with ...

(

Rhodes Rhodes (; el, Ρόδος , translit=Ródos ) is the largest and the historical capital of the Dodecanese islands of Greece. Administratively, the island forms a separate municipality within the Rhodes regional unit, which is part of the So ...

), Turkey, Israel,

Azerbaijan Azerbaijan (, ; az, Azərbaycan ), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan, , also sometimes officially called the Azerbaijan Republic is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. It is a part of th ...

*'' E. goulouensis'' Yin & Yan, 2012 – China *'' E. gramineusa'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' E. hermani'' Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999 – Algeria *'' E. inornata''

O. Pickard-Cambridge Octavius Pickard-Cambridge FRS (3 November 1828 – 9 March 1917) was an English clergyman and zoologist. He was a keen arachnologist who described and named more than 900 species of spider. Life and work Pickard-Cambridge was born in Blox ...

, 1904 –

South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ...

*'' E. intrepida'' (Sørensen, 1898) – USA,

Canada Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...

, Korea *'' E. iraqi'' Najim, Al-Hadlak & Seyyar, 2015 – Iraq,

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

*'' E. joshua'' Chamberlin &

Ivie Ivie is a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name *Ivie Anderson (1904–1949), American jazz singer *Ivie Okujaye (born 1987), Nigerian actress and television producer *Ivie Richardson (1895–1960), South Africa ...

, 1942 – USA *'' E. juninensis'' ( Keyserling, 1884) –

Peru , image_flag = Flag of Peru.svg , image_coat = Escudo nacional del Perú.svg , other_symbol = Great Seal of the State , other_symbol_type = Seal (emblem), National seal , national_motto = "Fi ...

*'' E. kalaykayina'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' E. latimana'' Hippa & Oksala, 1982 – Canada, Europe,

North Africa North Africa, or Northern Africa is a region encompassing the northern portion of the African continent. There is no singularly accepted scope for the region, and it is sometimes defined as stretching from the Atlantic shores of Mauritania in ...

, Turkey,

Caucasus The Caucasus () or Caucasia (), is a region between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, mainly comprising Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and parts of Southern Russia. The Caucasus Mountains, including the Greater Caucasus range, have historically ...

, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia, Iran *'' E. lordosa'' Zhu & Song, 1992 – China, Japan *'' E. macrochelis'' Levy & Amitai, 1981 – North Macedonia, Greece, Turkey,

Cyprus Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is geo ...

, Israel, Azerbaijan, Iran *'' E. malapahabanda'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' E. mandibularis'' (Lucas, 1846) (

type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...

) – Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Israel, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia, Iran, China *'' E. mangshan'' Yin, 2012 – China *'' E. margarita'' Yaginuma, 1964 –

Kazakhstan Kazakhstan, officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country located mainly in Central Asia and partly in Eastern Europe. It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbeki ...

, Russia (Central Asia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan *'' E. mariae'' Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999 – Greece, Russia (Caucasus) *'' E. maricopa'' Levi, 1962 – USA *'' E. marmorata'' ( Hentz, 1850) –

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

*'' E. maysanga'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' E. mediterranea'' Levy & Amitai, 1981 – Turkey, Cyprus, Israel, Azerbaijan, Iran *'' E. melanicruciata'' Saito, 1939 – Japan *'' E. molesta'' O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 – South Africa *'' E. monstrabilis'' Marusik & Logunov, 2002 – Russia (South Siberia) *'' E. mordax'' ( Thorell, 1875) – Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Tajikistan, Iran, China *'' E. nigromarginata'' (Lucas, 1846) – Spain to Greece, Morocco, Algeria *'' E. oelandica'' (Thorell, 1875) – Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, China *'' E. oreophila'' (Simon, 1894) –

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

*'' E. orientalis'' Schenkel, 1963 – China *'' E. ovata'' (

Clerck De Clerck is a Dutch surname, particularly common in Flanders. In the province of West Flanders, the name is usually concatenated to Declerck. People with the surname include: * (1914–1974), Belgian politician and government minister *Carl Alex ...

, 1757) – North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Middle Siberia), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, Japan *'' E. parathoracica'' Levy & Amitai, 1981 – Turkey, Israel, Azerbaijan *'' E. penelope'' Hippa & Oksala, 1982 –

Bulgaria Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedon ...

, Greece (incl. Crete) *'' E. peruviana'' Chamberlin, 1916 – Peru *'' E. philippinensis'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' E. procerula'' Simon, 1909 – South Africa *'' E. pulatuberculata'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' E. puno'' Levi, 1962 – Peru *'' E. qiuae'' Zhu, 1998 – China *'' E. quadripunctata'' Simon, 1885 – Mediterranean, Caucasus, Kazakhstan *'' E. robusta'' Thorell, 1898 –

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

*'' E. sattleri'' Bösenberg, 1895 – Madeira, Salvages, Canary Is. *'' E. selma'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1946 – USA *'' E. serratosignata'' (

L. Koch Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (8 November 1825 – 1 November 1908) was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was born in Regensburg, Germany, and died in Nuremberg, Germany. He studied in Nuremberg, initially law, but then turned to medicin ...

, 1879) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, China *'' E. tadzhica'' Sytshevskaja, 1975 –

Tajikistan Tajikistan (, ; tg, Тоҷикистон, Tojikiston; russian: Таджикистан, Tadzhikistan), officially the Republic of Tajikistan ( tg, Ҷумҳурии Тоҷикистон, Jumhurii Tojikiston), is a landlocked country in Centr ...

*'' E. testacea'' Simon, 1884 – Southern, Central Europe to Central Asia *'' E. thoracica'' ( Hahn, 1833) – North America, Europe, Turkey, North Africa,

Syria Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...

, Iran,

Turkmenistan Turkmenistan ( or ; tk, Türkmenistan / Түркменистан, ) is a country located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan to the northwest, Uzbekistan to the north, east and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the sout ...

*'' E. turkestanica'' Charitonov, 1946 – Iran, Central Asia *'' E. tuybaana'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' E. verae'' Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999 – Morocco, Spain, Tunisia,

Italy Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...

, Greece *'' E. wyuta'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 – USA *'' E. yelpantrapensis'' Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines *'' E. yizhangensis'' Yin, 2012 – China *'' E. zapfeae'' Levi, 1962 –

Chile Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country in the western part of South America. It is the southernmost country in the world, and the closest to Antarctica, occupying a long and narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east a ...

In synonymy: *''E. aituarca'' Esyunin & Efimik, 1998 = ''Enoplognatha serratosignata'' (L. Koch, 1879) *''E. albimaculosa'' (Saito, 1934, T from ''Steatoda'') = ''Enoplognatha caricis'' (Fickert, 1876) *''E. ambigua'' Kulczyński, 1894 = ''Enoplognatha serratosignata'' (L. Koch, 1879) *''E. arganoi'' (Brignoli, 1980, T from ''Robertus'') = ''Enoplognatha testacea'' Simon, 1884 *''E. camtschadalica'' Kulczyński, 1885 = ''Enoplognatha caricis'' (Fickert, 1876) *''E. corollata'' (Bertkau, 1883) = ''Enoplognatha oelandica'' (Thorell, 1875) *''E. cottarellii'' (Brignoli, 1980) = ''Enoplognatha testacea'' Simon, 1884 *''E. crucifera'' (Thorell, 1875) = ''Enoplognatha mordax'' (Thorell, 1875) *''E. dorsinotata'' Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 = ''Enoplognatha caricis'' (Fickert, 1876) *''E. elimata'' (L. Koch, 1882, T from ''Theridion'') = ''Enoplognatha diversa'' (Blackwall, 1859) *''E. hangzhouensis'' Zhu, 1998 = ''Enoplognatha abrupta'' (Karsch, 1879) *''E. hungarica'' Kolosváry, 1934 = ''Enoplognatha serratosignata'' (L. Koch, 1879) *''E. jacksoni'' Schenkel, 1927 = ''Enoplognatha serratosignata'' (L. Koch, 1879) *''E. japonica'' Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 = ''Enoplognatha caricis'' (Fickert, 1876) *''E. joshua'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = ''Enoplognatha joshua'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 *''E. krasnojarskensis'' (Strand, 1903, removed from S of ''Theridion undulatum'') = ''Enoplognatha serratosignata'' (L. Koch, 1879) *''E. mansueta'' (L. Koch, 1882, T from ''Theridion'') = ''Enoplognatha mandibularis'' (Lucas, 1846) *''E. maritima'' Simon, 1884 = ''Enoplognatha mordax'' (Thorell, 1875) *''E. marmorata'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = ''Enoplognatha marmorata'' (Hentz, 1850) *''E. militaris'' Wunderlich, 1995 = ''Enoplognatha latimana'' Hippa & Oksala, 1982 *''E. mimoides'' (Chamberlin, 1920) = ''Enoplognatha marmorata'' (Hentz, 1850) *''E. nigrocincta'' Simon, 1884 = ''Enoplognatha mandibularis'' (Lucas, 1846) *''E. pikes'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = ''Enoplognatha intrepida'' (Sørensen, 1898) *''E. piuta'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = ''Enoplognatha joshua'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 *''E. puritana'' Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = ''Enoplognatha caricis'' (Fickert, 1876) *''E. redimita'' (Linnaeus, 1758, T from ''Theridion'') = ''Enoplognatha ovata'' (Clerck, 1757) *''E. robustula'' Roewer, 1942 = ''Enoplognatha diversa'' (Blackwall, 1859) *''E. rugosa'' Emerton, 1908 = ''Enoplognatha intrepida'' (Sørensen, 1898) *''E. schaufussi'' (L. Koch, 1882) = ''Enoplognatha mordax'' (Thorell, 1875) *''E. submargarita'' Yaginuma & Zhu, 1992 = ''Enoplognatha margarita'' Yaginuma, 1964 *''E. tecta'' Keyserling, 1884 = ''Enoplognatha caricis'' (Fickert, 1876) *''E. thoracicoides'' Nosek, 1905 = ''Enoplognatha quadripunctata'' Simon, 1884 *''E. transversifoveata'' (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) = ''Enoplognatha abrupta'' (Karsch, 1879)

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2374711 Theridiidae Araneomorphae genera Cosmopolitan spiders

Species

See also

References

External links