''Enoplognatha'' is a
genus of
comb-footed spiders that was first described by P. Pavesi in 1880.
They have both a large
colulus and a subspherical
abdomen. Males usually have enlarged
chelicerae. It is considered a senior synonym of ''Symopagia''.
Among the theridiids, they are medium to large sized. ''E. maricopa'', a red-brown spider with a mottled purplish abdomen, has males that reach a length of , and females that reach . ''E. peruviana'' females can grow to long, and female ''E. zapfeae'' can grow to .
Species
it contains seventy-four species with a
cosmopolitan distribution
In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext ...
, including
Greenland and
Western Australia:
*''
E. abrupta''
( Karsch, 1879) –
Russia (Far East),
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
,
Korea,
Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
*''
E. afrodite''
Hippa & Oksala, 1983 –
Southern Europe
*''
E. almeriensis''
Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999 –
Portugal,
Spain
*''
E. angkora''
Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2013 – China
*''
E. apaya''
Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 –
Philippines
*''
E. bidens''
Simon, 1908 –
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
(Western
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
)
*''
E. biskrensis''
Denis, 1945 –
Morocco,
Algeria,
Tunisia
*''
E. bobaiensis''
Zhu, 1998 – China
*''
E. bryjai''
Řezáč, 2016 –
Czechia
*''
E. cariasoi''
Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
*''
E. caricis''
(Fickert, 1876) –
Europe,
Turkey, Russia (
Europe to Far East), China, Korea, Japan
*''
E. carinata''
Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999 – Morocco, Algeria
*''
E. daweiensis''
Yin & Yan, 2012 – China
*''
E. deserta''
Levy & Amitai, 1981 – Morocco to Israel, Russia (Europe)
*''
E. diodonta''
Zhu & Zhang, 1992 –
Pakistan,
India, China
*''
E. diversa''
( Blackwall, 1859) – Canary Is., Madeira, Portugal, Spain,
France, Morocco to Greece
*''
E. franzi''
Wunderlich, 1995 – Mediterranean,
Iraq
*''
E. fuyangensis''
Barrion & He, 2017 – China
*''
E. gemina''
Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999 – Mediterranean to Azerbaijan
*''
E. gershomi''
Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999 –
Israel
*''
E. giladensis''
(Levy & Amitai, 1982) –
Greece (
Rhodes), Turkey, Israel,
Azerbaijan
*''
E. goulouensis''
Yin & Yan, 2012 – China
*''
E. gramineusa''
Zhu, 1998 – China
*''
E. hermani''
Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999 – Algeria
*''
E. inornata''
O. Pickard-Cambridge
Octavius Pickard-Cambridge FRS (3 November 1828 – 9 March 1917) was an English clergyman and zoologist. He was a keen arachnologist who described and named more than 900 species of spider.
Life and work
Pickard-Cambridge was born in Blox ...
, 1904 –
South Africa
*''
E. intrepida''
(Sørensen, 1898) – USA,
Canada,
Greenland, Korea
*''
E. iraqi''
Najim, Al-Hadlak & Seyyar, 2015 – Iraq,
Iran
*''
E. joshua''
Chamberlin & Ivie
Ivie is a given name and surname. Notable people with the name include:
Given name
*Ivie Anderson (1904–1949), American jazz singer
*Ivie Okujaye (born 1987), Nigerian actress and television producer
*Ivie Richardson (1895–1960), South Africa ...
, 1942 – USA
*''
E. juninensis''
(Keyserling Keyserling is the surname of several members of the noble House of Keyserlingk:
* Alexander Keyserling (1815–1891), Russian geologist, paleontologist, botanist and zoologist
* Eugen von Keyserling (1833–1889), German arachnologist
* Hermann ...
, 1884) –
Peru
*''
E. kalaykayina''
Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
*''
E. latimana''
Hippa & Oksala, 1982 – Canada, Europe,
North Africa, Turkey,
Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia, Iran
*''
E. lordosa''
Zhu & Song, 1992 – China, Japan
*''
E. macrochelis''
Levy & Amitai, 1981 – North Macedonia, Greece, Turkey,
Cyprus, Israel, Azerbaijan, Iran
*''
E. malapahabanda''
Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
*''
E. mandibularis''
(Lucas, 1846) (
type
Type may refer to:
Science and technology Computing
* Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc.
* Data type, collection of values used for computations.
* File type
* TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file.
* Ty ...
) – Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Israel, Russia (Europe) to Central Asia, Iran, China
*''
E. mangshan''
Yin, 2012 – China
*''
E. margarita''
Yaginuma, 1964 –
Kazakhstan, Russia (Central Asia to Far East), China, Korea, Japan
*''
E. mariae''
Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999 – Greece, Russia (Caucasus)
*''
E. maricopa''
Levi, 1962 – USA
*''
E. marmorata''
( Hentz, 1850) –
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...
*''
E. maysanga''
Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
*''
E. mediterranea''
Levy & Amitai, 1981 – Turkey, Cyprus, Israel, Azerbaijan, Iran
*''
E. melanicruciata''
Saito, 1939 – Japan
*''
E. molesta''
O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1904 – South Africa
*''
E. monstrabilis''
Marusik & Logunov, 2002 – Russia (South Siberia)
*''
E. mordax''
( Thorell, 1875) – Europe, North Africa, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe) to Tajikistan, Iran, China
*''
E. nigromarginata''
(Lucas, 1846) – Spain to Greece, Morocco, Algeria
*''
E. oelandica''
(Thorell, 1875) – Europe, Caucasus, Kazakhstan, China
*''
E. oreophila''
(Simon, 1894) –
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...
*''
E. orientalis''
Schenkel, 1963 – China
*''
E. ovata''
(Clerck
De Clerck is a Dutch surname, particularly common in Flanders. In the province of West Flanders, the name is usually concatenated to Declerck. People with the surname include:
* (1914–1974), Belgian politician and government minister
*Carl Alex ...
, 1757) – North America, Europe, Turkey, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Middle Siberia), Kazakhstan, Iran, Central Asia, Japan
*''
E. parathoracica''
Levy & Amitai, 1981 – Turkey, Israel, Azerbaijan
*''
E. penelope''
Hippa & Oksala, 1982 –
Bulgaria, Greece (incl. Crete)
*''
E. peruviana''
Chamberlin, 1916 – Peru
*''
E. philippinensis''
Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
*''
E. procerula''
Simon, 1909 – South Africa
*''
E. pulatuberculata''
Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
*''
E. puno''
Levi, 1962 – Peru
*''
E. qiuae''
Zhu, 1998 – China
*''
E. quadripunctata''
Simon, 1885 – Mediterranean, Caucasus, Kazakhstan
*''
E. robusta''
Thorell, 1898 –
Myanmar
Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...
*''
E. sattleri''
Bösenberg, 1895 – Madeira, Salvages, Canary Is.
*''
E. selma''
Chamberlin & Ivie, 1946 – USA
*''
E. serratosignata''
( L. Koch, 1879) – Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Europe to Far East), Kazakhstan, China
*''
E. tadzhica''
Sytshevskaja, 1975 –
Tajikistan
*''
E. testacea''
Simon, 1884 – Southern, Central Europe to Central Asia
*''
E. thoracica''
( Hahn, 1833) – North America, Europe, Turkey, North Africa,
Syria
Syria ( ar, سُورِيَا or سُورِيَة, translit=Sūriyā), officially the Syrian Arab Republic ( ar, الجمهورية العربية السورية, al-Jumhūrīyah al-ʻArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is a Western Asian country loc ...
, Iran,
Turkmenistan
*''
E. turkestanica''
Charitonov, 1946 – Iran, Central Asia
*''
E. tuybaana''
Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
*''
E. verae''
Bosmans & Van Keer, 1999 – Morocco, Spain, Tunisia,
Italy, Greece
*''
E. wyuta''
Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 – USA
*''
E. yelpantrapensis''
Barrion & Litsinger, 1995 – Philippines
*''
E. yizhangensis''
Yin, 2012 – China
*''
E. zapfeae''
Levi, 1962 –
Chile
In synonymy:
*''E. aituarca''
Esyunin & Efimik, 1998 = ''Enoplognatha serratosignata''
(L. Koch, 1879)
*''E. albimaculosa''
(Saito, 1934, T from ''Steatoda'') = ''Enoplognatha caricis''
(Fickert, 1876)
*''E. ambigua''
Kulczyński, 1894 = ''Enoplognatha serratosignata''
(L. Koch, 1879)
*''E. arganoi''
(Brignoli, 1980, T from ''Robertus'') = ''Enoplognatha testacea''
Simon, 1884
*''E. camtschadalica''
Kulczyński, 1885 = ''Enoplognatha caricis''
(Fickert, 1876)
*''E. corollata''
(Bertkau, 1883) = ''Enoplognatha oelandica''
(Thorell, 1875)
*''E. cottarellii''
(Brignoli, 1980) = ''Enoplognatha testacea''
Simon, 1884
*''E. crucifera''
(Thorell, 1875) = ''Enoplognatha mordax''
(Thorell, 1875)
*''E. dorsinotata''
Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 = ''Enoplognatha caricis''
(Fickert, 1876)
*''E. elimata''
(L. Koch, 1882, T from ''Theridion'') = ''Enoplognatha diversa''
(Blackwall, 1859)
*''E. hangzhouensis''
Zhu, 1998 = ''Enoplognatha abrupta''
(Karsch, 1879)
*''E. hungarica''
Kolosváry, 1934 = ''Enoplognatha serratosignata''
(L. Koch, 1879)
*''E. jacksoni''
Schenkel, 1927 = ''Enoplognatha serratosignata''
(L. Koch, 1879)
*''E. japonica''
Bösenberg & Strand, 1906 = ''Enoplognatha caricis''
(Fickert, 1876)
*''E. joshua''
Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = ''Enoplognatha joshua''
Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942
*''E. krasnojarskensis''
(Strand, 1903, removed from S of ''Theridion undulatum'') = ''Enoplognatha serratosignata''
(L. Koch, 1879)
*''E. mansueta''
(L. Koch, 1882, T from ''Theridion'') = ''Enoplognatha mandibularis''
(Lucas, 1846)
*''E. maritima''
Simon, 1884 = ''Enoplognatha mordax''
(Thorell, 1875)
*''E. marmorata''
Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = ''Enoplognatha marmorata''
(Hentz, 1850)
*''E. militaris''
Wunderlich, 1995 = ''Enoplognatha latimana''
Hippa & Oksala, 1982
*''E. mimoides''
(Chamberlin, 1920) = ''Enoplognatha marmorata''
(Hentz, 1850)
*''E. nigrocincta''
Simon, 1884 = ''Enoplognatha mandibularis''
(Lucas, 1846)
*''E. pikes''
Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = ''Enoplognatha intrepida''
(Sørensen, 1898)
*''E. piuta''
Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = ''Enoplognatha joshua''
Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942
*''E. puritana''
Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942 = ''Enoplognatha caricis''
(Fickert, 1876)
*''E. redimita''
(Linnaeus, 1758, T from ''Theridion'') = ''Enoplognatha ovata''
(Clerck, 1757)
*''E. robustula''
Roewer, 1942 = ''Enoplognatha diversa''
(Blackwall, 1859)
*''E. rugosa''
Emerton, 1908 = ''Enoplognatha intrepida''
(Sørensen, 1898)
*''E. schaufussi''
(L. Koch, 1882) = ''Enoplognatha mordax''
(Thorell, 1875)
*''E. submargarita''
Yaginuma & Zhu, 1992 = ''Enoplognatha margarita''
Yaginuma, 1964
*''E. tecta''
Keyserling, 1884 = ''Enoplognatha caricis''
(Fickert, 1876)
*''E. thoracicoides''
Nosek, 1905 = ''Enoplognatha quadripunctata''
Simon, 1884
*''E. transversifoveata''
(Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) = ''Enoplognatha abrupta''
(Karsch, 1879)
See also
*
List of Theridiidae species
References
External links
{{Taxonbar, from=Q2374711
Theridiidae
Araneomorphae genera
Cosmopolitan spiders