was the 4th of the Emperors of Northern Court during the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts. According to pre-Meiji scholars, his reign spanned the years from 1352 through 1371.Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Annales des empereurs du japon'', pp. 302–309. This Nanboku-chō "sovereign" was named after his father

Emperor Kōgon was the first of the Emperors of Northern Court during the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts in Japan. His reign spanned the years from 1331 through 1333. Genealogy Before his ascension to the Nanboku-chō throne, his personal name (h ...

and ''go-'' (後), translates literally as "later;" and thus, he may be called the "Later Emperor Kōgon", or, in some older sources, may be identified as "Emperor Kōgon, the second", or as "Emperor Kōgon II."

Genealogy

His personal name was Iyahito (彌仁). He was the second son of the Northern Pretender

, and brother of his predecessor,

Emperor Sukō (May 25, 1334 – January 31, 1398) was the third of Emperors of Northern Court during the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts in Japan. According to pre- Meiji scholars, his reign spanned the years from 1348 through 1351.Titsingh, Isaa ...

. His mother was Hideko (秀子), Sanjō Kinhide's daughter *Lady-in-waiting: Hirohashi (Fujiwara) Nakako (廣橋（藤原）仲子; 1336/9-1427) later Sukenmon’in (崇賢門院), Hirohashi Kanetsuna's daughter **Second son: Imperial Prince Ohito (緒仁親王) later

Emperor Go-En'yū (11 January 1359 – 6 June 1393) was the 5th of the Emperors of Northern Court during the period of two courts in Japan. According to pre-Meiji scholars, his reign spanned the years from 1371 through 1382. This Nanboku-chō "sovereign" was n ...

**Fifth son: Imperial Prince Priest Eijo (1362–1437; 永助入道親王) **Sixth son: Imperial Prince Priest Gyōnin (堯仁法親王; 1363–1430） **Twelfth son: Imperial Prince Priest Gyōsho (堯性法親王; 1371–1388) *Consort: Uemon-no-Suke no Tsubone (右衛門佐局) **First son: Imperial Prince Priest Ryōnin (1355–1370; 亮仁入道親王) **Third son: Imperial Prince Priest Gyojo (行助法親王; 1360–1386） **son: (1361–1369) **Seventh son: Imperial Prince Priest Kakuzō (1363–1390; 覺増法親王) *Consort: Sakyōdaibu-no-Tsubone (左京大夫局), Hōin Chōkai's daughter **First daughter: Imperial Princess Haruko (d. 1390; 治子内親王) **Fourth son: Imperial Prince Priest Kakuei (覺叡法親王; 1361–1377) **Eighth son: Imperial Prince Priest Dōen (道圓入道親王; 1364–1385) **Eleventh son: Imperial Prince Priest Shōjo (聖助法親王; b.1371) *Consort:Shonagon-naishi (少納言内侍), Tachibana no Mochishige ‘s daughter **Tenth son: Imperial Prince Priest Myōshō (1367–1396; 明承法親王) *from unknown women **Ninth son: Imperial Prince Priest Kanshu (1366–1401; 寬守法親王) **Thirteenth son: Imperial Prince Priest Kankyō (1373–1405; 寬教入道親王) **Second daughter: Imperial Princess Kenshi (見子內親王) **Fourteenth son: ? **Daughter: Princess Shūnin (秀仁女王)

Events of Go-Kōgon's life

In his own lifetime, Go-Kōgon and those around him believed that he occupied the

Chrysanthemum Throne The is the throne of the Emperor of Japan. The term also can refer to very specific seating, such as the throne in the Shishin-den at Kyoto Imperial Palace. Various other thrones or seats that are used by the Emperor during official functions, ...

from 25 September 1352 to 9 April 1371. In 1351,

Ashikaga Takauji was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Ashikaga shogunate."Ashikaga Takauji" in ''The New Encyclopædia Britannica''. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 15th edn., 1992, Vol. 1, p. 625. His rule began in 1338, beginning the Muromac ...

briefly returned to the allegiance of the Southern Dynasty, causing the Southern Court to briefly consolidate control of the Imperial Line. However, this peace fell apart in April 1352. On this occasion, the Southern Court abducted Retired (Northern) Emperors

and

Emperor Kōmyō (January 11, 1322 – July 26, 1380) was the second of the Emperors of Northern Court, although he was the first to be supported by the Ashikaga Bakufu. According to pre-Meiji scholars, his reign spanned the years from 1336 through 1348. Genea ...

as well as

and the Crown Prince Tadahito from

Kyoto Kyoto (; Japanese: , ''Kyōto'' ), officially , is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in Japan. Located in the Kansai region on the island of Honshu, Kyoto forms a part of the Keihanshin metropolitan area along with Osaka and Kobe. , the ci ...

to Anau, the location of the Southern Court. This produced a state of affairs in which there was no

Emperor An emperor (from la, imperator, via fro, empereor) is a monarch, and usually the sovereignty, sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort), ...

in Kyoto. Because of this, Imperial Prince Iyahito became emperor in 1352 with the support of

Ashikaga Yoshiakira was the second ''shōgun'' of the Ashikaga shogunate who reigned from 1358 to 1367 during the Muromachi period of Japan. Yoshiakira was the son of the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Muromachi shogunate, Ashikaga Takauji. His mother was ...

. During this period, the Era of the Northern and Southern Courts, because of the antagonism between the two competing dynasties, public order in Kyoto was disturbed. The Southern Court repeatedly recaptured Kyoto. Emperor Go-Kōgon was forced to repeatedly flee from Kyoto to

Ōmi Province was a province of Japan, which today comprises Shiga Prefecture. It was one of the provinces that made up the Tōsandō circuit. Its nickname is . Under the ''Engishiki'' classification system, Ōmi was ranked as one of the 13 "great countrie ...

and other places. Around the time that

Ashikaga Yoshimitsu was the third ''shōgun'' of the Ashikaga shogunate, ruling from 1368 to 1394 during the Muromachi period of Japan. Yoshimitsu was Ashikaga Yoshiakira's third son but the oldest son to survive, his childhood name being Haruō (). Yoshimitsu was ...

was named ''

shōgun , officially , was the title of the military dictators of Japan during most of the period spanning from 1185 to 1868. Nominally appointed by the Emperor, shoguns were usually the de facto rulers of the country, though during part of the Kamakur ...

'' (1368), the Southern Courts power weakened, and order was restored to Kyoto. Also around this time, the Emperor's authority began to show its weakness. On 9 April 1371, he abdicated in favor of his son, who became

. He continued to rule as

Cloistered Emperor A is the term for a Japanese emperor who had abdicated and entered the Buddhist monastic community by receiving the '' Pravrajya'' rite. The term can also be shortened to . Cloistered emperors sometimes acted as ''Daijō Tennō'' (retired emperor ...

until he died of illness on 12 March 1374. He is enshrined with other emperors at the imperial tomb called ''Fukakusa no kita no misasagi'' (深草北陵) in

Fushimi-ku, Kyoto is one of the eleven Wards of Kyoto, wards in the Municipalities of Japan, city of Kyoto, in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. Famous places in Fushimi include the Fushimi Inari Jinja (shrine), Shrine, with thousands of torii lining the paths up and down ...

Eras of Go-Kōgon's reign

The years of Go-Kōgon's reign are more specifically identified by more than one

era name A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin ''regnum'' meaning kingdom, rule. Regnal years considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year o ...

or ''

nengō The , also known as , is the first of the two elements that identify years in the Japanese era calendar scheme. The second element is a number which indicates the year number within the era (with the first year being ""), followed by the literal ...

''. :''Nanboku-chō'' Southern court *Eras as reckoned by legitimate Court (as determined by Meiji rescript) * ''

Shōhei was a Japanese era (年號, ''nengō'', lit. year name) of the Southern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Kōkoku and before Kentoku. This period spanned the years from December 1346 to July 1370. The Southern Court ...

'' (1346–1370) * ''

Kentoku Kentoku (建徳) was a Japanese era of the Southern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Shōhei and before Bunchū, lasting from July 1370 to April 1372.Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005). "''Kentoku''" i ''Japan encyclope ...

'' (1370–1372) :''Nanboku-chō'' Northern court *Eras as reckoned by pretender Court (as determined by Meiji rescript) * ''

Kannō , also sometimes romanized as Kan'ō, was a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after ''Jōwa'' and before '' Bunna''. This period spanned the years from Feb ...

'' (1350–1352) * ''

Bunna , also romanized as Bunwa, was a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after '' Kannō'' and before ''Enbun.'' This period spanned the years from September 1352 ...

'' (1352–1356) * ''

Embun ''Embun'' (Indonesian for ''Dewdrop'') is a 1952 film directed by D. Djajakusuma for Perfini in his directorial debut. Plot After the conclusion of the Indonesian National Revolution, Leman (AN Alcaff) and Barjo (Rd Ismail) go to the national ca ...

'' (1356–1361) * ''

Kōan A (; , ; ko, 화두, ; vi, công án) is a story, dialogue, question, or statement which is used in Zen practice to provoke the "great doubt" and to practice or test a student's progress in Zen. Etymology The Japanese term is the Sino-J ...

'' (1361–1362) * ''

Jōji was a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) of the Northern Court (Japan), Northern Court during the Nanboku-cho, Era of Northern and Southern Courts after Kōan (Muromachi period), ''Kōan'' and before Oan, ''Ōan''. This perio ...

'' (1362–1368) * ''

Ōan , also romanized as Ō-an, was a Japanese era name (年号, ''nengō'', lit. year name) of the Northern Court during the Era of Northern and Southern Courts after ''Jōji'' and before ''Eiwa.'' This period spanned the years from February 1368 th ...

'' (1368–1375)

Southern Court rivals

Emperor Go-Murakami (1328 – March 29, 1368) was the 97th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession, and a member of the Southern Court during the Nanboku-chō period of rival courts. He reigned from September 18, 1339, until March 29, 13 ...

Emperor Chōkei was the 98th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. He reigned from 1368 through 1383. His personal name was Yutanari (寛成) and his regal name roughly translates to "Long Celebration". Genealogy His father was E ...

Notes

References

* Ponsonby-Fane, Richard Arthur Brabazon. (1959)
''The Imperial House of Japan.''
Kyoto: Ponsonby Memorial Society. * Titsingh, Isaac, ed. (1834). iyun-sai_Rin-siyo/Hayashi_Gahō,_1652.html" ;"title="Hayashi_Gahō.html" ;"title="iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō">iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652">Hayashi_Gahō.html" ;"title="iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō">iyun-sai Rin-siyo/Hayashi Gahō, 1652 ''Nipon o daï itsi ran; ou
Annales des empereurs du Japon.''
Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. {{DEFAULTSORT:Go-Kogon, Emperor Japanese emperors Go-Kogon of Japan Go-Kogon of Japan Emperor Go-Kogon Emperor Go-Kogon Emperor Go-Kogon Emperor Go-Kogon 14th-century Japanese monarchs Japanese retired emperors

Genealogy

Events of Go-Kōgon's life

Eras of Go-Kōgon's reign

Southern Court rivals

See also

Notes

References