Elinand, also known as Elinard, was
prince of Galilee
The principality of Galilee was one of the four major seigneuries of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, according to 13th-century commentator John of Ibelin, grandson of Balian. The direct holdings of the principality centred around Tiberias, i ...
from 1143 or 1144 to around 1149. His parentage is unknown. He succeeded
William I of Bures
William of Bures (died before the spring of 1144, or around 1157) was Prince of Galilee from 1119 or 1120 to his death. He was descended from a French noble family which held estates near Paris. William and his brother, Godfrey, were listed among ...
who either had died, or been forced into exile. Elinand was one of the main supporters of
Melisende of Jerusalem.
Mu'in ad-Din Unur
Mu'in ad-Din Unur al-Atabeki ( tr, Muiniddin Üner; died August 28, 1149) was a Seljuk Turkish ruler of Damascus in the mid-12th century.
Origins
Mu'in ad-Din was originally a Mamluk in the army of Toghtekin, the founder of the Burid Dynasty of ...
, the ruler of Damascus, bribed him during the
siege of Damascus in 1148, according to gossips spreading in the crusaders' camp.
Origins
According to a widespread scholarly theory, Elinand was related to
William I of Bures
William of Bures (died before the spring of 1144, or around 1157) was Prince of Galilee from 1119 or 1120 to his death. He was descended from a French noble family which held estates near Paris. William and his brother, Godfrey, were listed among ...
, who received the
Principality of Galilee
The principality of Galilee was one of the four major seigneuries of the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, according to 13th-century commentator John of Ibelin, grandson of Balian. The direct holdings of the principality centred around Tiberias, i ...
from
Baldwin II of Jerusalem
Baldwin II, also known as Baldwin of Bourcq or Bourg (; – 21August 1131), was Count of Edessa from 1100 to 1118, and King of Jerusalem from 1118 until his death. He accompanied his cousins Godfrey of Bouillon and Baldwin of Boulogne to the ...
in 1119 or 1120. Historian Martin Rheinheimer associates Elinand with Elias, who was William I's nephew. William I referred to Elias and his brother, William, as his heirs in 1126. Rheinheimer also says, the brothers were the sons of William I's brother, Godfrey. Godfrey was killed during a plundering raid in the spring of 1119.
Hans Eberhard Mayer
Hans Eberhard Mayer (born 2 February 1932 in Nuremberg) is a German medieval historian, specializing in the Crusades.
Career
Hans Eberhard Mayer is an international expert on the history of the Crusades. He is currently the Professor of Medieval a ...
refutes the association of Elinand with William I's nephew, emphasizing that the Biblical name,
Elias
Elias is the Greek equivalent of Elijah ( he, אֵלִיָּהוּ ''ʾĒlīyyāhū''; Syriac: ܐܠܝܐ ''Eliyā''; Arabic: الیاس Ilyās/Elyās), a prophet in the Northern Kingdom of Israel in the 9th century BC, mentioned in several holy ...
, cannot be identical with the
Germanic Elinand. Historian Malcolm Barber identifies Elinand as William I's second son.
Mayer underlines that nothing proves that Elinand was William I's kinsman. Mayer also notes, Elinand's otherwise rare name is well-documented in the region of
Saint-Omer
Saint-Omer (; vls, Sint-Omaars) is a commune and sub-prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais department in France.
It is west-northwest of Lille on the railway to Calais, and is located in the Artois province. The town is named after Saint Audomar, ...
and
Fauquembergues
Fauquembergues (; vls, Valkenberg; pcd, Fauquimbergue) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France. First mentioned in 961 as "in monten qui dicitur Falcoberg", the place later in 1124 was called ''Fal ...
in the 12th century. He concludes that Elinand was most probably a member of the Saint-Omer family, and thus he was related to the second Prince of Galilee,
Hugh of Fauquembergues
Hugh of Fauquembergues, also known as Hugh of St Omer, Hugh of Falkenberg, or Hugh of Falchenberg ( la, Hugo de Falchenberch; died in 1105 or 1106) was Prince of Galilee from 1101 to his death. He was Lord of Fauquembergues before joining the F ...
. He tentatively identifies Elinand's father with Hosto of Fauquembergues, who was castellan of Saint-Omer in the late 1120s, although no document evidences that Hosto fathered children.
Prince of Galilee
The circumstances of Elinand's emergence to power are unknown. Rheinheimer says, Elinand inherited the principality of Galilee (also known as the lordship of Tiberias) from William I in 1144. Mayer argues, Elinand seized Galilee with the support of
Melisende of Jerusalem, who had forced William I into exile after the death of her husband,
Fulk, King of Jerusalem. Elinand became one of Melisende's main supporters.
Imad ad-Din Zengi
Imad al-Din Zengi ( ar, عماد الدین زنكي; – 14 September 1146), also romanized as Zangi, Zengui, Zenki, and Zanki, was a Turkmen atabeg, who ruled Mosul, Aleppo, Hama, and, later, Edessa. He was the namesake of the Zengid dyna ...
laid siege to
Edessa
Edessa (; grc, Ἔδεσσα, Édessa) was an ancient city (''polis'') in Upper Mesopotamia, founded during the Hellenistic period by King Seleucus I Nicator (), founder of the Seleucid Empire. It later became capital of the Kingdom of Osroene ...
in late November 1144. Along with
Manasses of Hierges
Manasses of Hierges was an important crusader and constable of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. He was lord of Ramla from 1150 to 1152.
Biography Early years
He was the son of Hodierna of Rethel and Héribrand II of Hierges; Hodierna was daughter of ...
and
Philip of Milly
Philip of Milly, also known as Philip of Nablus ( la, Philippus Neapolitanus; c. 1120 – April 3, 1171), was a baron in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the seventh Grand Master of the Knights Templar. He briefly employed the troubadour Peire Bremo ...
, Eliland was appointed by Melisende to lead a relieve army to the town. They did not reach Edessa, because its defenders surrendered before the end of the year. Barber proposes that they most probably went to
Antioch
Antioch on the Orontes (; grc-gre, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου, ''Antiókheia hē epì Oróntou'', Learned ; also Syrian Antioch) grc-koi, Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου; or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπ ...
and participated in Raymond of Antioch's unsuccessful counter-offensive in early 1145.
Eliland attended the assembly of the commanders of the
Second Crusade
The Second Crusade (1145–1149) was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the forces of Zengi. The county had been founded during the First Crusa ...
at Acre on 24 June 1148. The commanders decided to attack Damascus. The
siege of Damascus began on 23 July, but four days later the crusaders abandoned the siege and returned to the kingdom. According to gossips which had started to spread among the crusaders during the siege,
Mu'in ad-Din Unur
Mu'in ad-Din Unur al-Atabeki ( tr, Muiniddin Üner; died August 28, 1149) was a Seljuk Turkish ruler of Damascus in the mid-12th century.
Origins
Mu'in ad-Din was originally a Mamluk in the army of Toghtekin, the founder of the Burid Dynasty of ...
, the ruler of Damascus, bribed Elinand. Shortly thereafter, Elinand either died, or forfeited Galilee.
Family
A royal charter referred to Ermengarde of Ibelin (a sister of
Hugh of Ibelin
Hugh of Ibelin (c. 1132 – 1169/1171) was an important noble in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and was Lord of Ramla from 1152-1169.
Hugh was the eldest son of Barisan of Ibelin and Helvis of Ramla. He was old enough to witness charters in 1148, ...
) as Lady of Tiberias in 1155. Rheinheimer, Sylvia Schein and other historians write that Ermengarde was Elinand's wife. They also say that Elinand's successor,
William II, and William's heir,
Eschiva, were their children. On the other hand, Mayer and Peter W. Edbury propose that Ermengarde of Ibelin was the wife of William I of Bures. Mayer also says that Elinand was succeeded by William I's nephew, Simon of Bures.
References
Sources
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Bures, Elinard de
Crusaders
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The best known of these Crusades are those to the Holy Land in the period between 1095 and 1291 that were in ...
1148 deaths
French princes
Elinard
Year of birth unknown
12th-century French people