Visakhapatnam , image_alt = , image_caption = From top, left to right: Visakhapatnam aerial view, Vizag seaport, Simhachalam Temple, Aerial view of Rushikonda Beach, Beach road, Novotel, Novotel Visakhapatnam, INS Kursura (S20), INS ...

is the largest city of

Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh (, abbr. AP) is a state in the south-eastern coastal region of India. It is the seventh-largest state by area covering an area of and tenth-most populous state with 49,386,799 inhabitants. It is bordered by Telangana to the ...

. Visakhapatnam has a

GDP Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold (not resold) in a specific time period by countries. Due to its complex and subjective nature this measure is ofte ...

of $43.5 billion. It is the 9th richest city in India. Fishing industry, road–rail connectivity, many heavy industries like Hindustan Petroleum,

Visakhapatnam Steel Plant Visakhapatnam Steel Plant is the integrated steel plants of Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited in Visakhapatnam. Founded in 1971, the plant focuses on producing value-added steel, producing 5.773 million tonnes of hot metal, 5.272 million tonnes o ...

Hindustan Shipyard Hindustan Shipyard Limited (HSL) is a shipyard located in Visakhapatnam on the east coast of India. History Founded as the ''Scindia Shipyard'', it was built by industrialist Walchand Hirachand as a part of The Scindia Steam Navigation Compa ...

, Visakhapatnam Port Trust, National Thermal Power,

Bharat Heavy Electricals Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is an Indian central public sector undertaking. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Heavy Industries, Government of India. It is based in New Delhi, India. Established in 1956, BHEL is India ...

, BARC,

Naval Science and Technological Laboratory The Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL) is an Indian defence laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), located in Visakhapatnam. Its main function is the research and development of underwater weapons ...

Naval Dockyard A naval base, navy base, or military port is a military base, where warships and naval ships are docked when they have no mission at sea or need to restock. Ships may also undergo repairs. Some naval bases are temporary homes to aircraft that u ...

Dredging Corporation of India Dredging Corporation of India Limited, or DCI, is an Indian dredging company which does dredging for Indian seaports exclusively. It occasionally dredges at foreign seaports in countries such as Sri Lanka, Taiwan and Dubai. It is mainly involve ...

, Strategic Petroleum Reserve, NMDC,

CONCOR Concor Holdings (Proprietary) Limited. is a South African construction and mining services company. It is active throughout Southern Africa, involved in mining, civil engineering, building and road projects. Concor returned as an independent br ...

Andhra Pradesh Medtech Zone Andhra Pradesh MedTech Zone(AMTZ) is a medical technology park with Common Manufacturing Facilities & Common Scientific Facilities that include specialized laboratories, warehousing and testing centers such as the Center for Electromagnetic comp ...

etc.. Private sector like

Coromandel International Coromandel International Limited is an Indian corporation founded in the early 1960s by IMC and Chevron Companies of USA and EID Parry, headquartered in Hyderabad, Telangana, India. Originally named Coromandel Fertilisers, the company is in the ...

, Ferro Alloys Corporation, Gangavaram Port, etc., are the factors that made the city into an industrial hub, from a small hamlet. Tourism also plays an important role in generating revenue, with numerous tourist destinations in and around the city. Blessed with a

natural harbour A harbor (American English), harbour (British English; see spelling differences), or haven is a sheltered body of water where ships, boats, and barges can be docked. The term ''harbor'' is often used interchangeably with ''port'', which is a ...

and one of the largest ports of India, sea trade was made possible with other countries which also boosts the economy. The service sector contributes for 55 per cent of the total GDP of Visakhapatnam, while 35 per cent comes from the industrial sector and 10 per cent from agricultural and allied sectors.

Fisheries

Fishing Fishing is the activity of trying to catch fish. Fish are often caught as wildlife from the natural environment, but may also be caught from stocked bodies of water such as ponds, canals, park wetlands and reservoirs. Fishing techniques inclu ...

is a major occupation in Visakhapatnam, as many fishermen depend on fishing for their livelihood. The fishing harbour at

Visakhapatnam Port Visakhapatnam Port is one of 13 major ports in India and the only major port of Andhra Pradesh. It is India's third largest state-owned port by volume of cargo handled and largest on the Eastern Coast. It is located midway between the Chennai a ...

is one of the biggest in the coastal corridor of Andhra Pradesh and also exports seafood such as

Tuna A tuna is a saltwater fish that belongs to the tribe Thunnini, a subgrouping of the Scombridae (mackerel) family. The Thunnini comprise 15 species across five genera, the sizes of which vary greatly, ranging from the bullet tuna (max length: ...

. Fish preserving by drying, processing and curing activities takes place at the harbour. The dried fish is sent to markets in

Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu (; , TN) is a States and union territories of India, state in southern India. It is the List of states and union territories of India by area, tenth largest Indian state by area and the List of states and union territories of India ...

Karnataka Karnataka (; ISO: , , also known as Karunāḍu) is a state in the southwestern region of India. It was formed on 1 November 1956, with the passage of the States Reorganisation Act. Originally known as Mysore State , it was renamed ''Karnat ...

, and

Orissa Odisha (English: , ), formerly Orissa ( the official name until 2011), is an Indian state located in Eastern India. It is the 8th largest state by area, and the 11th largest by population. The state has the third largest population of Sch ...

, and also exported to

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

Singapore Singapore (), officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign island country and city-state in maritime Southeast Asia. It lies about one degree of latitude () north of the equator, off the southern tip of the Malay Peninsula, borde ...

Burma Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...

and others. Ice factories in and outside the

Fishing Harbour Visakhapatnam Visakhapatnam Fishing Harbour is a harbour in Visakhapatnam. It opened in 1976 beside Visakhapatnam Port. The harbour spreads over 26 hectares. It is operated by the Visakhapatnam Port Trust. Its capacity is 700 mechanised boats and 300 beach ...

can produce tonnes of ice, catering to the needs of the fishermen and also provides industrial employment.

Ports

Visakhapatnam Port is one of the largest cargo handling ports in

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

. It can accommodate 150,000 DWT vessels and draft up to . The port during 2013–14 period, handled

tonnes The tonne ( or ; symbol: t) is a unit of mass equal to 1000 kilograms. It is a non-SI unit accepted for use with SI. It is also referred to as a metric ton to distinguish it from the non-metric units of the short ton ( United States ...

of cargo and also a cape size vessel in the outer harbour. Neighboring ports, current projects, decline in iron ore exports, Gangavaram Port, lead to loss of cargo to Visakhapatnam Port. A crores modernisation and expansion program of the port is underway, to increase the capacity to 130 million tonnes by 2016–17. Products moved through the port include petroleum, steel, minerals, and foods. The inauguration of the Gangavaram Port, located 15 km away from the Visakhapatnam Port, has led to a significant diversion of traffic away from Visakhapatnam. It has the capacity of accommodating ocean liners of 200,000–250,000 DWT. The Visakhapatnam Port Trust plans to develop a satellite port at

Bheemunipatnam Bheemunipatnam (also known as Bheemili), is a suburb of Visakhapatnam, India. The town was named after Bhima, a character in the Hindu epic Mahabharata. It formerly administered under the Bheemunipatnam municipality, but merged into GVMC in 2017. ...

to reduce the traffic.

SEZs and industrial parks

Panoramic view of Vizag Industrial area from Yarada hill

There are

special economic zones A special economic zone (SEZ) is an area in which the business and trade laws are different from the rest of the country. SEZs are located within a country's national borders, and their aims include increasing trade balance, employment, increas ...

(SEZs) and industrial corridors such as

Visakhapatnam Special Economic Zone Visakhapatnam Special Economic Zone (VSEZ), also called the Andhra Pradesh First Economic Zone, is one of the central government special economic zones in India. VSEZ is located in Duvvada, 20 km away from the Visakhapatnam. History The zo ...

(VSEZ), APSEZ, APIIC, Aganumpudi Industrial Park, Visakha Dairy, JNPC,

Pharmaceuticals

Jawaharlal Nehru Pharma City (Ramky Pharma City (India) Limited) is a

Public Private Partnership In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the ''Öffentlichkei ...

between

Government of Andhra Pradesh Government of Andhra Pradesh, abbreviated as, GOAP, or, Andhra Government, is the Subnational administrative division, subnational government for the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is an elected government with 175 Member of the Legislative ...

and Ramky Group. It is a

special purpose entity A special-purpose entity (SPE; or, in Europe and India, special-purpose vehicle/SPV; or, in some cases in each EU jurisdiction, FVC, financial vehicle corporation) is a legal entity (usually a limited company of some type or, sometimes, a limited ...

, setup for the manufacturing of bulk drugs and pharmaceuticals. It is the first industrial township in India, spread over an extent of with 102 companies and 8698 employees, presently in operational. PharmaZell of Germany and Eisai Pharma of Japan, French collaboration with SNF Ltd, joint US venture Aptuit Laurus Labs and US multinational company Hospira Healthcare Private Limited (a Pfizer Company) are major companies in the pharma city.

Heavy industries

Hindustan shipyard Stamp of India - 1965 - Colnect 371666 - 1 - National Maritime Day

The defense administered Hindustan Shipyard Limited, built the first ship of

in 1948, which was named as ''Jala Usha'' and also built 167 various size of ships. The ports and shipyard in the city led to the establishment of several large scale industries such as,

GAIL Gail may refer to: People *Gail (given name), list of notable people with the given name Surname * Jean-Baptiste Gail (1755–1829), French Hellenist scholar * Max Gail (born 1943), American actor * Sophie Gail (1775–1819), French singer and ...

, HPCL,

BHEL Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is an Indian central public sector undertaking. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Heavy Industries, Government of India. It is based in New Delhi, India. Established in 1956, BHEL is India ...

Hindustan Zinc Hindustan Zinc Limited (HZL) is an Indian integrated mining and resources producer of zinc, lead, silver and cadmium. It is a subsidiary of Vedanta Limited. Earlier it was a Central Public Sector Undertaking, sold by Government of India to Ved ...

, Coromandel Fertilizers, Reliance and Brandix etc, and industries headquartered in Visakhapatnam are RINL,

, etc. Steel plant Visakhapatnam Steel Plant, whose corporate entity RINL is the second largest state-run steel industry. The capacity of the plant has been upgraded to 6.3MT, and it covers an area of . It is planned to become a 20MT plant in the future, the largest plant in a single location. The plant had revenues of for 2011–2012 and has about 17,800 employees.

Software industry

The

ITES ''Ites'' is a genus of longhorn beetles of the subfamily Lamiinae,Biolib.cz - ''Ites''
Retrieved on 8 September 20 ...

and IT sector is growing at its pace in the city of Visakhapatnam, the generated revenue from these sectors are a boon to the economy. The IT special economic zone and incubation center exists at Rushikonda Hills, of the city. There are many national and multi–national IT/ITes and banking firms such as

Mahindra Satyam Mahindra Satyam (formerly Satyam Computer Services Limited) was an Indian information technology (IT) services company based in Hyderabad, India, offering software development, system maintenance, packaged software integration and engineering ...

Pulsus Group Pulsus Group is a health informatics and digital marketing company and publisher of scientific, technical, and medical literature. It was formed in 1984, primarily to publish peer-reviewed medical journals. , Pulsus published 98 hybrid and full ...

Wipro Wipro Limited (formerly, Western India Palm Refined Oils Limited) is an Indian multinational corporation that provides information technology, consulting and business process services. Thierry Delaporte is serving as CEO and managing director ...

Kenexa Kenexa, an IBM Company, provides employment and retention services. This includes recruitment process outsourcing onboarding tools, employee assessment, abilities assessment for employment candidates (Kenexa Prove It); and Kenexa Interview B ...

Infotech Information technology (IT) is the use of computers to create, process, store, retrieve, and exchange all kinds of data . and information. IT forms part of information and communications technology (ICT). An information technology system (I ...

, IBM,

Sutherland Sutherland ( gd, Cataibh) is a historic county, registration county and lieutenancy area in the Highlands of Scotland. Its county town is Dornoch. Sutherland borders Caithness and Moray Firth to the east, Ross-shire and Cromartyshire (later ...

, and

HSBC HSBC Holdings plc is a British multinational universal bank and financial services holding company. It is the largest bank in Europe by total assets ahead of BNP Paribas, with US$2.953 trillion as of December 2021. In 2021, HSBC had $10.8 tri ...

etc. Software exports from Visakhapatnam have increased by nearly 90% each year. The IT exports from the city for 2012 were 1,200 crore and 16,000 people were employed. According to data released by the state IT department for the financial year 2012–13, IT industry registered an impressive in IT/ITeS revenues, that generated , an increase of 20%, compared to the previous financial year. The same year saw an increase in employment, generated by the IT/ITeS industry, with 16,988 jobs as compared to 16,000 in 2011–12 period. The Information Technology Investment Region (ITIR) project, planned by the

, may generate employment to approximately, up to IT professionals and also the it can generate revenue for the economy, of up to .

Minerals and resources

Visakhapatnam and its surrounding areas are having mineral deposits of

quartzite Quartzite is a hard, non- foliated metamorphic rock which was originally pure quartz sandstone.Essentials of Geology, 3rd Edition, Stephen Marshak, p 182 Sandstone is converted into quartzite through heating and pressure usually related to tect ...

bauxite Bauxite is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Bauxite consists mostly of the aluminium minerals gibbsite (Al(OH)3), boehmite (γ-AlO(OH)) and diaspore (α-AlO(O ...

graphite Graphite () is a crystalline form of the element carbon. It consists of stacked layers of graphene. Graphite occurs naturally and is the most stable form of carbon under standard conditions. Synthetic and natural graphite are consumed on large ...

manganese Manganese is a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard, brittle, silvery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron. Manganese is a transition metal with a multifaceted array of industrial alloy use ...

titanium Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Found in nature only as an oxide, it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength, resistant to corrosion in ...

silica sand Sand casting, also known as sand molded casting, is a metal casting process characterized by using sand as the mold material. The term "sand casting" can also refer to an object produced via the sand casting process. Sand castings are produced i ...

and 1,000 MT of

reserves. The

Iron ore Iron ores are rocks and minerals from which metallic iron can be economically extracted. The ores are usually rich in iron oxides and vary in color from dark grey, bright yellow, or deep purple to rusty red. The iron is usually found in the fo ...

and other minerals, from the neighbouring states are transported through rail and road to Visakhapatnam. These minerals are exported through sea to other countries.

Ilmenite Ilmenite is a titanium-iron oxide mineral with the idealized formula . It is a weakly magnetic black or steel-gray solid. Ilmenite is the most important ore of titanium and the main source of titanium dioxide, which is used in paints, printing ...

is used for extraction of titanium and

Monazite Monazite is a primarily reddish-brown phosphate mineral that contains rare-earth elements. Due to variability in composition, monazite is considered a group of minerals. The most common species of the group is monazite-(Ce), that is, the cerium- ...

for extraction of

thorium Thorium is a weakly radioactive metallic chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. Thorium is silvery and tarnishes black when it is exposed to air, forming thorium dioxide; it is moderately soft and malleable and has a high me ...

are found at

Ferroalloy Ferroalloy refers to various alloys of iron with a high proportion of one or more other elements such as manganese (Mn), aluminium (Al), or silicon (Si). They are used in the production of steels and alloys. The alloys impart distinctive qualitie ...

plants,

Aluminium Aluminium (aluminum in American and Canadian English) is a chemical element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than those of other common metals, at approximately one third that of steel. I ...

refineries (such as Anrak Aluminium and Jindal Aluminium) are developing, due to the close proximity of manganese and bauxite. vizagindustries

Petro corridor Visakhapatnam holds

crude oil Petroleum, also known as crude oil, or simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations. The name ''petroleum'' covers both naturally occurring unprocessed crude ...

reserves with Hindustan Petroleum Corporation

Refinery A refinery is a production facility composed of a group of chemical engineering unit processes and unit operations refining certain materials or converting raw material into products of value. Types of refineries Different types of refineries ...

IOC The International Olympic Committee (IOC; french: link=no, Comité international olympique, ''CIO'') is a non-governmental sports organisation based in Lausanne, Switzerland. It is constituted in the form of an association under the Swiss ...

and BPCL have their bottling units in the city. Visakhapatnam is a part of the Visakhapatnam–Kakinada Petroleum, Chemicals and Petrochemicals Investment Region (VK PCPIR), proposed between Visakhapatnam and

Kakinada Kakinada (List of renamed places in India, formerly called Kakinandiwada, Coringa, and Cocanada; ) is the List of cities in Andhra Pradesh by population, sixth largest city of the States and union territories of India, Indian state of Andhra P ...

. Power plants

Simhadri Super Thermal Power Plant Simhadri Super Thermal Power Plant is a coal-fired power plant located in the outskirts of Visakhapatnam city in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The power plant is one of the coal fired power plants of National Thermal Power Corporation, N ...

is a coal-based power plant under the ownership of

NTPC Limited NTPC Limited, formerly known as National Thermal Power Corporation Limited, is an Indian central public sector undertaking under the ownership of the Ministry of Power, Government of India which is engaged in generation of electricity and ...

. It has a capacity of 2000 MW with 4 units of 500 MW each. Hindujas has begun construction of a 1,040 MW coal-based thermal power plant in Visakhapatnam district with two 520 MW units.

References

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