The Earl or Mormaer of Lennox was the ruler of the region of the
Lennox in western Scotland. It was first created in the 12th century for
David of Scotland, Earl of Huntingdon
David of Scotland ( Medieval Gaelic: ''Dabíd'') (1152 – 17 June 1219) was a Scottish prince and 8th Earl of Huntingdon. He was, until 1198, heir to the Scottish throne.
Life
He was the youngest surviving son of Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl ...
and later held by the
Stewart dynasty
The House of Stuart, originally spelt Stewart, was a royal house of Scotland, England, Ireland and later Great Britain. The family name comes from the office of High Steward of Scotland, which had been held by the family progenitor Walter fit ...
.
Ancient earls
The first earl recorded is
Ailin I, sometimes called 'Alwin'. He is traditionally said to have been created Earl of Lennox by
King Malcolm IV in 1154, but this is likely too early a date. [Note: Other sources say Arkil (Arkyll) was the first mormaer. He fled Northumberland for Scotland about 1070 and was made Mormaer of Levenax by Malcolm. That title was in the 12th century changed to earl of Lennox.] The earldom may in fact have been created in the late twelfth century by William I of Scotland, King William the Lion for his brother David, Earl of Huntingdon, David, and after David gained the higher title Earl of Huntingdon, he resigned the Earldom of Lennox and it passed to Ailin.
Earl Ailin's parentage and background is unknown. His line continued as Earls of Lennox until the time of
Earl Duncan in the fifteenth century. Duncan's daughter
Isabella
Isabella may refer to:
People and fictional characters
* Isabella (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters
* Isabella (surname), including a list of people
Places
United States
* Isabella, Alabama, an unincorpor ...
married
Murdoch, son of
Robert, Duke of Albany
Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany (c. 1340 – 3 September 1420) was a member of the Scottish royal family who served as regent (at least partially) to three Scottish monarchs ( Robert II, Robert III, and James I). A ruthless politician, Albany ...
. Duncan hoped this marriage would improve the family's prospects, but it would in fact be their downfall. Duke Robert had infamously murdered
David
David (; , "beloved one") (traditional spelling), , ''Dāwūd''; grc-koi, Δαυΐδ, Dauíd; la, Davidus, David; gez , ዳዊት, ''Dawit''; xcl, Դաւիթ, ''Dawitʿ''; cu, Давíдъ, ''Davidŭ''; possibly meaning "beloved one". w ...
, the heir to the throne, and when David's brother
James
James is a common English language surname and given name:
*James (name), the typically masculine first name James
* James (surname), various people with the last name James
James or James City may also refer to:
People
* King James (disambiguati ...
became king, he wreaked his vengeance: almost the entire family were executed, including Earl Duncan, despite the fact he had had no part in the murder.
Isabella was imprisoned in
Tantallon Castle, but she escaped execution, and succeeded her father as Countess of Lennox. All four of her sons died in her lifetime: two from King James's retribution, and two from natural causes. She had several grandsons, but none of them were legitimate, and the earldom therefore died with her around the year 1457.
Stewart earls
![Arms of Stewart](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d3/Arms_of_Stewart.svg)
In 1473 the earldom was reclaimed by
Sir John Stewart of Darnley, who was the grandson of Elizabeth Lennox, daughter to Earl Duncan and sister to Countess Isabella. In 1565 his great-great-great-grandson
Henry, Lord Darnley
Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1546 – 10 February 1567), was an English nobleman who was the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the father of James VI of Scotland and I of England. Through his parents, he had claims to both the Scottis ...
married
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567.
The only surviving legitimate child of James V of S ...
. He would be murdered at
Kirk o' Field
The Collegiate Church of St Mary in the Fields (commonly known as Kirk o' Field) was a pre-Reformation collegiate church in Edinburgh, Scotland. Likely founded in the 13th century and secularised at the Reformation, the church's site is now covered ...
in 1567, and therefore on the death of his father
Earl Matthew, the earldom of Lennox passed to
James
James is a common English language surname and given name:
*James (name), the typically masculine first name James
* James (surname), various people with the last name James
James or James City may also refer to:
People
* King James (disambiguati ...
, the son of Henry and Mary. James would accede as King of Scots a few months later, and the title consequently merged with the Crown.
In 1572, the earldom was conferred upon King James's uncle
Charles. He did not long enjoy the title, for he died four years later at the age of twenty-one. It was next granted to the king's great-uncle
Robert
The name Robert is an ancient Germanic given name, from Proto-Germanic "fame" and "bright" (''Hrōþiberhtaz''). Compare Old Dutch ''Robrecht'' and Old High German ''Hrodebert'' (a compound of '' Hruod'' ( non, Hróðr) "fame, glory, honou ...
in 1578. This Robert, described as being "symple and of lyttle action or accomte", was persuaded to exchange the earldom of Lennox for the earldom of March, so that the king could give the former title to his friend and cousin
Esmé. In 1581, Esmé's earldom was raised to a dukedom, and his line continued as Dukes of Lennox until the time of his great-grandson
Charles, who died childless in 1672 after drowning at
Elsinore while on a diplomatic mission to the Danish government.
In 1675, the Dukedom of Lennox was conferred upon
Charles, bastard son of
King Charles II, along with the English
Dukedom of Richmond and several other titles. However, he would later sell his lands in the Lennox to the
Duke of Montrose
Duke of Montrose (named for Montrose, Angus) is a title that has been created twice in the Peerage of Scotland. The title was created anew in 1707, for James Graham, 4th Marquess of Montrose, great-grandson of famed James Graham, 1st Marquess ...
, meaning he became Duke of Lennox in name alone. This line survives today, and is currently headed by another
Charles. Despite being Stewarts, they used "Lennox" as their surname, which was changed to "Gordon-Lennox" in the 19th century after the fourth Duke married Lady Charlotte Gordon, sister and heiress to
George, Duke of Gordon.
List of earls and dukes of Lennox
Earls of Lennox (12th century)
*
David, Earl of Huntingdon
David of Scotland (Medieval Gaelic: ''Dabíd'') (1152 – 17 June 1219) was a Scottish prince and 8th Earl of Huntingdon. He was, until 1198, heir to the Scottish throne.
Life
He was the youngest surviving son of Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of ...
(died 1219)
irst known holder*
Ailin I, Earl of Lennox (d. ''c.'' 1200)
*
Ailin II, Earl of Lennox (d. 1217)
*
Maldouen, Earl of Lennox (d. 1250)
*
Malcolm I, Earl of Lennox (d. 1303)
*
Malcolm II, Earl of Lennox (d. 1333)
*
Donald, Earl of Lennox (d. 1365)
*
Margaret, Countess of Lennox (?) (resigned 1385)
*: m.
Walter of Faslane, descendant of the second Earl.
*
Duncan, Earl of Lennox (d. 1425)
*
Isabella, Countess of Lennox
Isabella of Lennox (d.1458) was the ruler of Lennox, from 1437–1458, and last in the line of Mormaers or native Scottish rulers. As the wife of Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of Albany (d.1425), she was also Duchess of Albany (1420–1425), but ...
(d. 1458)
*: m.
Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany
Murdoch Stewart, Duke of Albany ( gd, Muireadhach Stiubhart) (136224 May 1425) was a leading Scottish nobleman, the son of Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany, and the grandson of King Robert II of Scotland, who founded the Stewart dynasty. In 1389, h ...
The title became extinct ''c.'' 1459, as all four sons of Countess Isabella died without legitimate issue.
Earls of Lennox (2nd creation) (1488)
![Arms of Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Arms_of_Matthew_Stewart%2C_4th_Earl_of_Lennox.svg)
*
John Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox
John Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox (before 14308 July/11 September 1495) was known as Lord Darnley and later as the Earl of Lennox.
Family
Stewart was the son of Catherine Seton and Alan Stewart of Darnley, a direct descendant of Alexander Stew ...
(d. 1495);
*
Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox
Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox (14609 September 1513), was a prominent Scottish nobleman. Stewart was the son of John Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox, and Margaret Montgomerie, daughter of Alexander Montgomerie, 1st Lord Montgomerie. He died ...
(1488–1513), killed at the
Battle of Flodden
The Battle of Flodden, Flodden Field, or occasionally Branxton, (Brainston Moor) was a battle fought on 9 September 1513 during the War of the League of Cambrai between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of Scotland, resulting in an English ...
;
*
John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox
John Stewart, 3rd Earl of Lennox (4 September 1526, Linlithgow, West Lothian) was a prominent Scottish magnate. He was the son of Matthew Stewart, 2nd Earl of Lennox and Lady Elizabeth Hamilton, daughter of James Hamilton, 1st Lord Hamilton and ...
(d. 1526);
*
Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox
Matthew Stewart, 4th Earl of Lennox (21 September 1516 – 4 September 1571) was a leader of the Catholic nobility in Scotland. He was the paternal grandfather of King James VI of Scotland and I of England. He owned Temple Newsam in Yorkshire, ...
(1516–1571);
**
Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley
Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1546 – 10 February 1567), was an English nobleman who was the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the father of James VI of Scotland and I of England. Through his parents, he had claims to both the Scottis ...
(1545–1567), eldest son and heir apparent to the earldom who predeceased his father. He married his half-first cousin
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567.
The only surviving legitimate child of James V of S ...
, daughter and heiress of King James V of Scotland, by whom he was the father of King
James VI of Scotland and I of England
James VI and I (James Charles Stuart; 19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567 and King of England and Ireland as James I from the union of the Scottish and English crowns on 24 March 1603 until hi ...
(lived 1566–1625), who inherited the earldom on the death of his grandfather the 4th Earl, whereupon it merged with the Crown, but was re-created by the king for his uncle.
Earls of Lennox, third creation (''c.'' 1571)
*
Charles Stewart, Earl of Lennox (1555–1576), second son of the 4th Earl of the second creation.
Earls of Lennox, fourth creation (1578)
*
Robert Stewart, Earl of Lennox, "exchanged" for the
Earldom of March in 1580, second son of the third Earl of the second creation.
Earls of Lennox, fifth creation (1580)
*
Esmé Stewart, Earl of Lennox (1542–1583), grandson of the third Earl of the second creation through his third son John.
Dukes of Lennox, first creation (1581)
*
Esmé Stewart, Duke of Lennox (1542–1583)
*
Ludovic Stewart, Duke of Lennox and Richmond (1574–1623)
*
Esmé Stewart, Duke of Lennox (1579–1624)
*
James Stewart, Duke of Lennox and Richmond (1612–1655)
*
Esmé Stewart, Duke of Lennox and Richmond (1649–1660)
*
Charles Stewart, Duke of Lennox and Richmond (1639–1672) (''extinct'')
Dukes of Lennox, second creation (1675)
*
Charles Lennox, Duke of Lennox and Richmond (1672–1723)
*
Charles Lennox, Duke of Lennox and Richmond (1701–1750)
*
Charles Lennox, Duke of Lennox and Richmond (1736–1806)
*
Charles Lennox, Duke of Lennox and Richmond (1764–1819)
*
Charles Gordon-Lennox, Duke of Lennox and Richmond (1791–1860)
*
Charles Gordon-Lennox, Duke of Lennox, Richmond and Gordon (1818–1903)
*
Charles Gordon-Lennox, Duke of Lennox, Richmond and Gordon (1845–1928)
*
Charles Gordon-Lennox, Duke of Lennox, Richmond and Gordon (1870–1935)
*
Frederick Gordon-Lennox, Duke of Lennox, Richmond and Gordon (1904–1989)
*
Charles Gordon-Lennox, Duke of Lennox, Richmond and Gordon (1929–2017)
*
Charles Gordon-Lennox, Duke of Lennox, Richmond and Gordon (b. 1955)
Stewart family
Ludovic Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond, 2nd Duke of Lennox
Ludovic Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond, 2nd Duke of Lennox (1574–1624), was the eldest son and heir of
Esmé Stewart, 1st Duke of Lennox, 1st Earl of Lennox (1542–1583), a Roman Catholic French nobleman of Scottish ancestry who on his move to Scotland at the age of 37 became a favorite of the 13-year-old King James VI of Scotland (later James I of England), of whose father,
Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley
Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1546 – 10 February 1567), was an English nobleman who was the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the father of James VI of Scotland and I of England. Through his parents, he had claims to both the Scottis ...
, he was a first cousin. In 1579/80 Esmé Stewart was created Earl of Lennox,
Lord Darnley
Lord Darnley is a noble title associated with a Scottish Lordship of Parliament, first created in 1356 for the family of Stewart of Darnley and tracing a descent to the Dukedom of Richmond in England. The title's name refers to Darnley in Sco ...
, Aubigny and Dalkeith and in 1581 he was created
Duke of Lennox
The title Duke of Lennox has been created several times in the peerage of Scotland, for Clan Stewart of Darnley. The dukedom, named for the district of Lennox in Dumbarton, was first created in 1581, and had formerly been the Earldom of Lenno ...
,
Earl of Darnley
Earl of Darnley is a hereditary title that has been created three times, twice in the Peerage of Scotland and once in the Peerage of Ireland.
The first creation in the Scots Peerage came in 1580 in favour of Esme Stewart, 1st Earl of Lennox ...
,
Lord Aubigny, Dalkeith, Torboltoun and Aberdour.
The founder of the French branch of the Stewart family of
Darnley
Darnley is an area in south-west Glasgow, Scotland, on the A727 just west of Arden (the areas are separated by the M77 motorway although a footbridge connects them). Other nearby neighbourhoods are Priesthill to the north, Southpark Village t ...
in
Renfrewshire
Renfrewshire () ( sco, Renfrewshire; gd, Siorrachd Rinn Friù) is one of the 32 council areas of Scotland.
Located in the west central Lowlands, it is one of three council areas contained within the boundaries of the historic county of Re ...
, Scotland, was Sir
John Stewart of Darnley
Sir John Stewart of Darnley, 1st Comte d'Évreux, 1st Seigneur de Concressault, 1st Seigneur d'Aubigny (1429) was a Scottish nobleman and famous military commander who served as Constable of the Scottish Army in France, supporting the French ag ...
(c. 1380 – 1429), 1st Seigneur de Concressault, 1st Seigneur d'Aubigny, 1st
Comte d'Évreux, a famous warrior who commanded the Scottish army in France assisting the French King Charles VII to expel the invading English forces under King Henry V during the
Hundred Years War. He was much appreciated by the French king who showered him with honours and landed estates and granted him the "glorious privilege of quartering the royal arms of France with his paternal arms".
The residence of the Stewart family in France was the Château d'Aubigny,
Aubigny-sur-Nère
Aubigny-sur-Nère () is a town and commune in the Cher department in the administrative region of Centre-Val de Loire, France.
Geography
An area of forestry and farming surrounding a small light industrial town, situated in the valley of the r ...
, in the ancient county of
Berry.
King James I regarded all Esmé's family with great affection, and instructed his son King Charles I to do well by them. Charles faithfully fulfilled this obligation, and as a result the Lennox family had considerable influence at the Scottish and English Courts over the next two generations. In 1603 as well as being granted the reversion of Cobham Hall, he was also granted the possession of
Temple Newsam
Temple Newsam (historically Temple Newsham), () is a Tudor- Jacobean house in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England, with grounds landscaped by Capability Brown.
The estate lends its name to the Temple Newsam ward of Leeds City Council, in which i ...
Hall in Yorkshire, the birthplace of
Henry Stewart, Lord Darnley
Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley (1546 – 10 February 1567), was an English nobleman who was the second husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, and the father of James VI of Scotland and I of England. Through his parents, he had claims to both the Scottis ...
, father of King James I and first cousin of Ludovic's father. In 1613 Ludovic Stewart was created
Baron of Settrington (of Yorkshire) and
Earl of Richmond
The now-extinct title of Earl of Richmond was created many times in the Peerage of England. The earldom of Richmond was initially held by various Breton nobles; sometimes the holder was the Breton duke himself, including one member of the ca ...
(of Yorkshire) and in 1623
Earl of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne and
Duke of Richmond. He married three times but died on 16 February 1623/4, aged 50, without legitimate issue,
[Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1911] when all his titles, excepting those inherited from his father, became extinct. He was buried in
Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an historic, mainly Gothic church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the Unite ...
, in the ''Richmond Vault''
in the
Henry VII Chapel
The Henry VII Lady Chapel, now more often known just as the Henry VII Chapel, is a large Lady chapel at the far eastern end of Westminster Abbey, paid for by the will of King Henry VII. It is separated from the rest of the abbey by brass gates ...
(that king formerly having been
Earl of Richmond
The now-extinct title of Earl of Richmond was created many times in the Peerage of England. The earldom of Richmond was initially held by various Breton nobles; sometimes the holder was the Breton duke himself, including one member of the ca ...
) above which survives his magnificent black marble monument by
Hubert Le Sueur
Hubert Le Sueur (c. 1580 – 1658) was a French sculptor with the contemporaneous reputation of having trained in Giambologna's Florentine workshop. He assisted Giambologna's foreman, Pietro Tacca, in Paris, in finishing and erecting the equestria ...
with gilt-bronze recumbent effigies of himself and his wife.
Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox
Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox
Esmé Stewart, 3rd Duke of Lennox (157930 July 1624), KG, 7th Seigneur d'Aubigny, lord of the Manor of Cobham, Kent, was a Scottish nobleman and through their paternal lines was a second cousin of King James VI of Scotland and I of England. H ...
(1579–1624), younger brother and heir, who had succeeded his father as 7th Seigneur d'Aubigny (which French title was able to be passed directly to a younger son). He died on 30 July 1624 of spotted fever, just 5 months after his elder brother. He married
Katherine Clifton, 2nd Baroness Clifton
Katherine Clifton, 2nd Baroness Clifton (c. 1592 – buried 17 September 1637), was an English-born Scottish peer (later known as the Countess of March, then Duchess of Lennox and then Countess of Abercorn).
Birth and origins
Katherine was bo ...
(c. 1592 – 1637) of Leighton Bromswold, Huntingdonshire, as a consequence of which in 1619 he was created Baron Stuart of Leighton Bromswold and Earl of March. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.
James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond, 4th Duke of Lennox
James Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond, 4th Duke of Lennox (1612–1655), son and heir, a third cousin of King
Charles I Charles I may refer to:
Kings and emperors
* Charlemagne (742–814), numbered Charles I in the lists of Holy Roman Emperors and French kings
* Charles I of Anjou (1226–1285), also king of Albania, Jerusalem, Naples and Sicily
* Charles I of ...
. In 1624 King James I created the 12-year-old newly-fatherless James Stewart as
Duke of Richmond and in 1628, following the death of Frances Howard (Lady Cobham), he gained vacant possession of Cobham Hall, which became his main residence. He was a key member of
Royalist
A royalist supports a particular monarch as head of state for a particular kingdom, or of a particular dynastic claim. In the abstract, this position is royalism. It is distinct from monarchism, which advocates a monarchical system of governm ...
party in the
English Civil War
The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians (" Roundheads") and Royalists led by Charles I ("Cavaliers"), mainly over the manner of England's governance and issues of re ...
and in 1641–42 he served as
Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, which office was administered from nearby
Dover Castle
Dover Castle is a medieval castle in Dover, Kent, England and is Grade I listed. It was founded in the 11th century and has been described as the "Key to England" due to its defensive significance throughout history. Some sources say it is the ...
in Kent. He married
Mary Villiers, daughter of
George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham.
Esmé Stuart, 2nd Duke of Richmond, 5th Duke of Lennox
Esmé Stuart, 2nd Duke of Richmond, 5th Duke of Lennox (1649–1660) was the infant son the 1st Duke. On his father's death when he was aged 6, and following the defeat of the royalist faction in the Civil War, he and his mother went into exile in France, where he died of the smallpox aged 10 in 1660 (the year of the
Restoration of the Monarchy), when his titles passed to his first cousin
Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond, 6th Duke of Lennox. He was buried in
Westminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey, formally titled the Collegiate Church of Saint Peter at Westminster, is an historic, mainly Gothic church in the City of Westminster, London, England, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is one of the Unite ...
, where survives his monument, a black obelisk surmounted by an urn containing his heart.
Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond, 6th Duke of Lennox
Charles Stewart, 3rd Duke of Richmond, 6th Duke of Lennox (1639–1672) was the only son of
George Stewart, 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny
Lord George Stewart (or Stuart), 9th Seigneur d'Aubigny (17 July 1618 – 23 October 1642) was an Anglo-Scottish nobleman of French descent and a third cousin of King Charles I of England. He supported that king during the Civil War as a Royali ...
(1618–1642) (a younger brother of the 1st & 4th Duke), by his wife
Katherine Howard
Catherine Howard ( – 13 February 1542), also spelled Katheryn Howard, was Queen of England from 1540 until 1542 as the fifth wife of Henry VIII. She was the daughter of Lord Edmund Howard and Joyce Culpeper, a cousin to Anne Boleyn (the ...
, a daughter of
Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk
Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, (13 August 15843 June 1640) was an English nobleman and politician.
Born at the family estate of Saffron Walden, he was the son of Thomas Howard, 1st Earl of Suffolk, by his second wife, Catherine Kny ...
. He was appointed joint
Lord Lieutenant of Kent
This is a list of people who have served as Lord-Lieutenant of Kent. Since 1746, all Lords Lieutenant have also been Custos Rotulorum of Kent.
Lords Lieutenant of Kent
* Sir Thomas Cheney 1551–?
*William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham 3 July 1585 – ...
and
Vice-Admiral of Kent. With the Civil War over and the Stuart monarchy restored, he re-built the central block at Cobham Hall, between 1662 and 1672, to the design of the architect Peter Mills.
His "Gilt Hall" of 1672 (with marble wall decorations added in the 18th c. by
James Wyatt
James Wyatt (3 August 1746 – 4 September 1813) was an English architect, a rival of Robert Adam in the neoclassical and neo-Gothic styles. He was elected to the Royal Academy in 1785 and was its president from 1805 to 1806.
Early life
W ...
) was considered by King George IV to be the finest room in England.
He married three times but died childless.
Family tree
See also
*
Duke of Lennox
The title Duke of Lennox has been created several times in the peerage of Scotland, for Clan Stewart of Darnley. The dukedom, named for the district of Lennox in Dumbarton, was first created in 1581, and had formerly been the Earldom of Lenno ...
*
Seigneur d'Aubigny
Duke of Aubigny (french: Duc d'Aubigny) is a title that was created in the Peerage of France in 1684. It was granted by King Louis XIV of France to Louise de Kérouaille, the last mistress of King Charles II of England, and to descend to Charles ...
*
Earl of Richmond
The now-extinct title of Earl of Richmond was created many times in the Peerage of England. The earldom of Richmond was initially held by various Breton nobles; sometimes the holder was the Breton duke himself, including one member of the ca ...
References
* Anderson, John, "The Celtic Earls of Lennox" in Sir James Paul (ed.) ''
The Scots Peerage
''The Scots Peerage'' is a nine-volume book series of the Scottish nobility compiled and edited by Sir James Balfour Paul, published in Edinburgh from 1904 to 1914. The full title is ''The Scots Peerage: Founded on Wood's Edition of Sir Rober ...
'' Vol. 5, (Edinburgh, 1909), pp. 324–343
* Steuart, A., "Stewart, Duke of Lennox" in Sir James Paul (ed.) ''The Scots Peerage'' Vol. 5, (Edinburgh, 1909), pp. 344–362
* Grant, Francis, "Lennox, Duke of Lennox" in Sir James Paul (ed.) ''The Scots Peerage'' Vol. 5, (Edinburgh, 1909), pp. 363–371
* Brown, Michael, "Earldom and Kindred: The Lennox and Its Earls, 1200–1458" in Steve Boardman and Alasdair Ross (eds.) ''The Exercise of Power in Medieval Scotland, c.1200–1500'', (Dublin/Portland, 2003), pp. 201–224
* Neville, Cynthia J., ''Native Lordship in Medieval Scotland: The Earldoms of Strathearn and Lennox, c. 1140–1365'', (Portland & Dublin, 2005)
Further reading
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Lennox
Earldoms in the Peerage of Scotland
West Dunbartonshire
East Dunbartonshire
Noble titles created in 1184
Noble titles created in 1488
Noble titles created in 1572
Noble titles created in 1578
Noble titles created in 1580
Vale of Leven