The title Earl of Carnwath is a title in the

Peerage of Scotland The Peerage of Scotland ( gd, Moraireachd na h-Alba, sco, Peerage o Scotland) is one of the five divisions of peerages in the United Kingdom and for those peers created by the King of Scots before 1707. Following that year's Treaty of Union, ...

, created together with the subsidiary title of Lord Dalzell and Liberton, on 21 April 1639 for Robert Dalzell, 2nd Lord Dalzell. His father, Sir Robert Dalzell, had been raised to the

Peerage A peerage is a legal system historically comprising various hereditary titles (and sometimes non-hereditary titles) in a number of countries, and composed of assorted noble ranks. Peerages include: Australia * Australian peers Belgium * Belgi ...

as a

Lord of Parliament A Lord of Parliament ( sco, Laird o Pairlament) was the holder of the lowest form of peerage, entitled as of right to take part in sessions of the pre-Union Parliament of Scotland. Since that Union in 1707, it has been the lowest rank of the P ...

when he was created Lord Dalzell on 18 September 1628, also in the Peerage of Scotland. The titles refer to

Carnwath Carnwath (Gaelic: ''A' Chathair Nuadh''; English: "New Fort") is a moorland village on the southern edge of the Pentland Hills of South Lanarkshire, Scotland. The village lies about south of both Edinburgh and Glasgow. It is bounded by the Nort ...

Lanarkshire Lanarkshire, also called the County of Lanark ( gd, Siorrachd Lannraig; sco, Lanrikshire), is a historic county, lieutenancy area and registration county in the central Lowlands of Scotland. Lanarkshire is the most populous county in Scotlan ...

, and Liberton in

Edinburgh Edinburgh ( ; gd, Dùn Èideann ) is the capital city of Scotland and one of its 32 Council areas of Scotland, council areas. Historically part of the county of Midlothian (interchangeably Edinburghshire before 1921), it is located in Lothian ...

. The surname of ''Dalzell'' is pronounced .

Earldom of Carnwath

The titles have a

remainder In mathematics, the remainder is the amount "left over" after performing some computation. In arithmetic, the remainder is the integer "left over" after dividing one integer by another to produce an integer quotient (integer division). In algebr ...

to heirs male whatsoever bearing the name and arms of Dalzell. This means that they can pass to the senior male heir, whoever that is, outside of the line descending from the first holder the title, should that line become extinct. There is not the usual requirement that the heir be of the body of the original holder. The senior heir male is merely required to be of the

bloodline Heredity, also called inheritance or biological inheritance, is the passing on of traits from parents to their offspring; either through asexual reproduction or sexual reproduction, the offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic inform ...

and have the surname and

arms Arms or ARMS may refer to: *Arm or arms, the upper limbs of the body Arm, Arms, or ARMS may also refer to: People * Ida A. T. Arms (1856–1931), American missionary-educator, temperance leader Coat of arms or weapons *Armaments or weapons **Fi ...

of Dalzell. Succession by this special remainder was first to occur on the death of the fourth Earl in 1702, when the line of the first Earl became extinct. The Earldom was, therefore, able to pass through

collateral succession An order of succession or right of succession is the line of individuals necessitated to hold a high office when it becomes vacated such as head of state or an honour such as a title of nobility.Sir Robert Dalzell, 3rd Baronet, the senior heir of the first Lord and a collateral heir of the first Earl being the great-grandson of the first Earl's brother. But for this special remainder, he would have inherited only the Lordship, and the Earldom would have then become extinct.

Family history

The original

seat A seat is a place to sit. The term may encompass additional features, such as back, armrest, head restraint but also headquarters in a wider sense. Types of seat The following are examples of different kinds of seat: * Armchair (furniture), ...

of the Earls of Carnwath was at

Dalzell House Dalzell House ( ) is a historic house in Motherwell, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. It is located to the south of the town, on the north bank of the River Clyde. At its core is a 15th-century tower house, with extensive additions built during th ...

Motherwell Motherwell ( sco, Mitherwall, gd, Tobar na Màthar) is a town and former burgh in North Lanarkshire, Scotland, United Kingdom, south east of Glasgow. It has a population of around 32,120. Historically in the parish of Dalziel and part of Lanarks ...

North Lanarkshire North Lanarkshire ( sco, North Lanrikshire; gd, Siorrachd Lannraig a Tuath) is one of 32 council areas of Scotland. It borders the northeast of the City of Glasgow and contains many of Glasgow's suburbs and commuter towns and villages. It also ...

. This formed part of the larger Carnwath Estate including the

barony Barony may refer to: * Barony, the peerage, office of, or territory held by a baron * Barony, the title and land held in fealty by a feudal baron * Barony (county division), a type of administrative or geographical division in parts of the British ...

of Dalzell, which had been held by the family since the fourteenth century. This was to be sold by the

third Third or 3rd may refer to: Numbers * 3rd, the ordinal form of the cardinal number 3 * , a fraction of one third * Second#Sexagesimal divisions of calendar time and day, 1⁄60 of a ''second'', or 1⁄3600 of a ''minute'' Places * 3rd Street (d ...

and fourth Earls to help pay the fines of their father and grandfather for their part in supporting the

Royalist A royalist supports a particular monarch as head of state for a particular kingdom, or of a particular dynastic claim. In the abstract, this position is royalism. It is distinct from monarchism, which advocates a monarchical system of governme ...

side during the

English Civil War The English Civil War (1642–1651) was a series of civil wars and political machinations between Parliamentarians (" Roundheads") and Royalists led by Charles I ("Cavaliers"), mainly over the manner of England's governance and issues of re ...

. It was to be bought by Sir George Lockart, and the Hamilton family, later Barons Hamilton of Dalzell. In 1643 the first Earl was accused by the

Convention of the Scottish Estate The Convention of Estates of Scotland was a sister institution to the Scottish Parliament which sat from the early sixteenth century. Initially it was only attended by the clergy and nobles, but the burgh commissioners were later added. The Conve ...

of betraying them to the

King King is the title given to a male monarch in a variety of contexts. The female equivalent is queen, which title is also given to the consort of a king. *In the context of prehistory, antiquity and contemporary indigenous peoples, the tit ...

during the Civil War. He was fined £10,000 and his titles were forfeited and he was sentenced to death by an Act of the Scottish Parliament on 25 February 1645. This Act also provided "that his lawful son Gavin, Lord Dalzell, shall enjoy not only all the estates but the title of Earl as if his father were dead". His death sentence was not to be carried out, nor was the forfeiture of the titles recognised in Royalist circles. The first Earl went on to fight with King

Charles I Charles I may refer to: Kings and emperors * Charlemagne (742–814), numbered Charles I in the lists of Holy Roman Emperors and French kings * Charles I of Anjou (1226–1285), also king of Albania, Jerusalem, Naples and Sicily * Charles I of ...

at the

battle of Naseby The Battle of Naseby took place on 14 June 1645 during the First English Civil War, near the village of Naseby in Northamptonshire. The Parliamentarian New Model Army, commanded by Sir Thomas Fairfax and Oliver Cromwell, destroyed the main R ...

on 14 June 1645, where the Earl received some blame for the loss of the battle. King Charles, attempting to rally his men, rode forward but as he did so, the Earl seized his bridle and pulled him back, fearing for the King's safety. Lord Carnwath's action was misinterpreted by the royalist soldiers as a signal to move back, leading to a collapse of their position. The military balance then tipped decisively in favour of Parliament. The first Earl's nephew, Robert Dalzell,

Member of Parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members of ...

for

Dumfries Dumfries ( ; sco, Dumfries; from gd, Dùn Phris ) is a market town and former royal burgh within the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland. It is located near the mouth of the River Nith into the Solway Firth about by road from the ...

, was created a

baronet A baronet ( or ; abbreviated Bart or Bt) or the female equivalent, a baronetess (, , or ; abbreviation Btss), is the holder of a baronetcy, a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown. The title of baronet is mentioned as early as the 14th ...

, of Glenae, Dumfries, on 11 April 1666, in the

Baronetage of Nova Scotia Baronets are a rank in the British aristocracy. The current Baronetage of the United Kingdom has replaced the earlier but existing Baronetages of England, Nova Scotia, Ireland, and Great Britain. Baronetage of England (1611–1705) King James I ...

. He was the son of

the Honourable ''The Honourable'' (British English) or ''The Honorable'' (American English; see spelling differences) (abbreviation: ''Hon.'', ''Hon'ble'', or variations) is an honorific style that is used as a prefix before the names or titles of certain ...

Sir John Dalzell, himself the younger son of the first

Lord Lord is an appellation for a person or deity who has authority, control, or power over others, acting as a master, chief, or ruler. The appellation can also denote certain persons who hold a title of the peerage in the United Kingdom, or ar ...

. The baronetcy was to pass from father to son, until the third Baronet succeeded as the fifth Earl of Carnwath in 1702 by virtue of the Earldom's special remainder, with the peerage titles then merging with the baronetcy. The fifth Earl was a Jacobite sympathiser and supported the

Earl of Mar There are currently two earldoms of Mar in the Peerage of Scotland, and the title has been created seven times. The first creation of the earldom is currently held by Margaret of Mar, 31st Countess of Mar, who is also clan chief of Clan Mar. The ...

in favour of James Stuart, the Old Pretender, in an unsuccessful rebellion in 1715 known as ''

the Fifteen The Jacobite rising of 1715 ( gd, Bliadhna Sheumais ; or 'the Fifteen') was the attempt by James Edward Stuart (the Old Pretender) to regain the thrones of England, Ireland and Scotland for the exiled Stuarts. At Braemar, Aberdeenshire, lo ...

'', or ''Lord Mar's Revolt''. For his role in the rebellion the Hanoverian government passed a Writ of Attainder for treason against Lord Carnwath in 1716. He was sentenced to death, with his titles and what then remained of the estates being forfeited. The death sentence was later to be remitted by virtue of the

Indemnity Act 1717 The Indemnity Act 1717 (4 Geo. I c. 15), also referred to as the Act of Grace and Free Pardon, is an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain. The Act was passed by both houses of parliament in July 1717, the last enactment of the session. Ph ...

. The attainder was reversed by Act of Parliament on 26 May 1826 in favour of his grandson,

Lieutenant-General Lieutenant general (Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries. The rank traces its origins to the Middle Ages, where the title of lieutenant general was held by the second-in-command on the ...

Robert Alexander Dalzell and the titles were restored to him. Several of the Earls are noteworthy in their own right. The eighth Earl was reported as being the youngest Earl in Britain in 1873 at the age of fourteen. Both the

eleventh In music or music theory, an eleventh is the note eleven scale degrees from the root of a chord and also the interval between the root and the eleventh. The interval can be also described as a compound fourth, spanning an octave plus a f ...

and thirteenth Earls were Scottish

Representative Peers In the United Kingdom, representative peers were those peers elected by the members of the Peerage of Scotland and the Peerage of Ireland to sit in the British House of Lords. Until 1999, all members of the Peerage of England held the right to ...

in the

House of Lords The House of Lords, also known as the House of Peers, is the Bicameralism, upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Membership is by Life peer, appointment, Hereditary peer, heredity or Lords Spiritual, official function. Like the ...

Arms

The Earl's

coat of arms A coat of arms is a heraldry, heraldic communication design, visual design on an escutcheon (heraldry), escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the latter two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central ele ...

is ''

sable The sable (''Martes zibellina'') is a species of marten, a small omnivorous mammal primarily inhabiting the forest environments of Russia, from the Ural Mountains throughout Siberia, and northern Mongolia. Its habitat also borders eastern Kaza ...

, a man's body proper'', i.e. the flesh-coloured silhouette of a man against a black background. The origin of this peculiar arms was written about by

Sir Robert Douglas, 6th Baronet Sir Robert Douglas of Glenbervie, 6th Baronet (1694 – 24 April 1770) was a notable genealogist responsible for one of the major works on Scottish families, ''The Baronage of Scotland''. Works No substantive Scottish peerage had appeared since ...

, in 1764:

Lords Dalzell (1628)

Robert Dalzell, 1st Lord Dalzell Robert Dalzell, 1st Lord Dalzell (c.1550−1636), known as Sir Robert Dalzell from 1602 to 1628, was a Scottish nobleman who raised to the Peerage as a Lord of Parliament in the Peerage of Scotland on 18 September 1628, by King Charles I. He wa ...

(died 1635 or 1636) * Robert Dalzell, 2nd Lord Dalzell (1611−1654) (created Earl of Carnwath and Lord Dalzell and Liberton in 1639)

Earls of Carnwath (1639)

:''

Courtesy title A courtesy title is a title that does not have legal significance but rather is used through custom or courtesy, particularly, in the context of nobility, the titles used by children of members of the nobility (cf. substantive title). In some co ...

for the

heir apparent An heir apparent, often shortened to heir, is a person who is first in an order of succession and cannot be displaced from inheriting by the birth of another person; a person who is first in the order of succession but can be displaced by the b ...

to the Earldom: Lord Dalzell or Lord Liberton, with the

substantive title A substantive title is a title of nobility or royalty acquired either by individual grant or inheritance. It is to be distinguished from a title shared among cadets, borne as a courtesy title by a peer's relatives, or acquired through marriage. ...

of Master of Carnwath'' *

Robert Dalzell, 1st Earl of Carnwath Robert Dalzell, 1st Earl of Carnwath, PC (1611 – 21 June 1654), known as Robert Dalzell, 2nd Lord Dalzell from 1636 to 1639, was a Scottish nobleman and Royalist supporter during the English Civil War. He married, firstly, Christian Douglas ...

(1611−1654), eldest son of the first Lord *

Gavin Dalzell, 2nd Earl of Carnwath Gavin Dalzell, 2nd Earl of Carnwath (1627−1674), styled by the courtesy title Lord Dalzell from 1639, was a Scottish nobleman and Royalist supporter during the English Civil War. He was the son of Robert Dalzell, 1st Earl of Carnwath and Christ ...

(1627−1674), eldest son of the first Earl *

James Dalzell, 3rd Earl of Carnwath James Dalzell, 3rd Earl of Carnwath (1648–1683) was a Scottish nobleman. He was the son of Gavin Dalzell, 2nd Earl of Carnwath and Margaret Carnegie. He was educated in 1659 at the University of Glasgow. He succeeded to his father's title of Ea ...

(1648−1683), eldest son of the second Earl *

John Dalzell, 4th Earl of Carnwath Lieutenant Colonel John Dalzell, 4th Earl of Carnwath (1649–1702) was a Scottish nobleman and soldier. He was the son of Gavin Dalzell, 2nd Earl of Carnwath and Margaret Carnegie. He succeeded to his brother's titles of Earl of Carnwath and ...

(1649−1702), youngest son of the second Earl * Robert Dalzell, 5th Earl of Carnwath (1687–1737), great-great-grandson of the first Lord, had succeeded as third Baronet in 1689, (titles forfeited by attainder 1716) :''But for the attainder, the descent would have included the following three individuals'': :*Alexander Dalzell (1721–1787), eldest son of the fifth Earl :*Robert Dalzell (1755–1808), eldest son of the above Alexander Dalzell :*John Dalzell (1795–1814), eldest son of the above Robert Dalzell :''Titles restored by Act of Parliament 26 May 1826'' * Robert Alexander Dalzell, 6th Earl of Carnwath (1768–1839), son of Robert Dalzell (1738–1788), youngest son of the fifth Earl * Thomas Henry Dalzell, 7th Earl of Carnwath (1797–1867), eldest son of the sixth Earl * Henry Arthur Hew Dalzell, 8th Earl of Carnwath (1858–1873), eldest son of the seventh Earl *

Arthur Alexander Dalzell, 9th Earl of Carnwath General Arthur Alexander Dalzell, 9th Earl of Carnwath (15 September 1799 – 28 April 1875) was a Scottish nobleman and soldier. He was the son of Robert Dalzell, 6th Earl of Carnwath, Robert Alexander Dalzell, 6th Earl of Carnwath and Andulusia ...

(1799–1875), younger son of the sixth Earl * Harry Burrard Dalzell, 10th Earl of Carnwath (1804–1887), younger son of the sixth Earl * Robert Harris Carnwath Dalzell, 11th Earl of Carnwath (1847–1910), eldest son of

Colonel Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...

Robert Dalzell (1816–1878), youngest son of the sixth Earl *

Ronald Arthur Dalzell, 12th Earl of Carnwath Ronald Arthur Dalzell, 12th Earl of Carnwath, (3 June 1883 – 15 July 1931), was the second but only surviving son of Robert Dalzell, 11th Earl of Carnwath. With the death of his elder brother in 1904, he became heir to his father's Earldom, and ...

(1883–1931), eldest son of the eleventh Earl *

Arthur Edward Dalzell, 13th Earl of Carnwath Brigadier-General Arthur Edward Dalzell, 13th Earl of Carnwath, CB (25 December 1851 – 9 March 1941) was a British Army officer and a Representative Peer of Scotland. Family Dalzell was born into an old Scottish family. He was the fourth of ...

(1851–1941), younger son of the above Colonel the Honourable Robert Dalzell (1816–1878), youngest son of the sixth Earl

Dalzell baronets, of Glenae (1666)

Sir Robert Dalzell, 1st Baronet Sir Robert Dalzell, 1st Baronet (1639−1686), was a Scottish politician. He was the son of the Honourable Sir John Dalzell and Agnes Nisbet. His paternal grandfather was Robert Dalzell, 1st Lord Dalzell. He married, firstly, Catherine Sandiland ...

(1639−1686), grandson of the first Lord Dalzell, through his father,

Sir John Dalzell (died 1669) *

Sir John Dalzell, 2nd Baronet Sir John Dalzell, 2nd Baronet (died 1689) was a Scottish politician. He was the son of Sir Robert Dalzell, 1st Baronet and Violet Riddell. He married Harriet Murray, daughter of Sir William Murray, 1st Baronet, of Stanhope on 16 June 1686. H ...

(died 1689), eldest son of the first Baronet * Sir Robert Dalzell, 3rd Baronet (1687–1737), eldest son of the second Baronet, succeeded as fifth Earl of Carnwath in 1702 :''See above for subsequent holders of the baronetcy''

Note

*In some publications, the numbering of the Earls is greater, as they have taken into account the above three people who were in succession but were unable to legally hold the title during the time it was under

attainder In English criminal law, attainder or attinctura was the metaphorical "stain" or "corruption of blood" which arose from being condemned for a serious capital crime (felony or treason). It entailed losing not only one's life, property and hereditar ...

, and in some earlier publications the first Lord is also incorrectly numbered as the first Earl. The above numbering for each Earl is consistent with the modern numbering used in the printing of the

Official Roll of the Baronetage The Official Roll of the Baronetage is an official list of baronets kept by the Lord Chancellor; an abridged version is published online by the Standing Council of the Baronetage. Any person who wishes to claim succession to a baronetcy must prod ...

in ''

The London Gazette ''The London Gazette'' is one of the official journals of record or government gazettes of the Government of the United Kingdom, and the most important among such official journals in the United Kingdom, in which certain statutory notices are ...

'' in 1915.

References

Bibliography

* * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Carnwath Earls of Carnwath 1639 establishments in Scotland Noble titles created in 1639