physics Physics is the scientific study of matter, its Elementary particle, fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. "Physical science is that department of knowledge whi ...

, dynamics or classical dynamics is the study of forces and their effect on

motion In physics, motion is when an object changes its position with respect to a reference point in a given time. Motion is mathematically described in terms of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, speed, and frame of reference to an o ...

. It is a branch of

classical mechanics Classical mechanics is a Theoretical physics, physical theory describing the motion of objects such as projectiles, parts of Machine (mechanical), machinery, spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies. The development of classical mechanics inv ...

, along with ''

statics Statics is the branch of classical mechanics that is concerned with the analysis of force and torque acting on a physical system that does not experience an acceleration, but rather is in mechanical equilibrium, equilibrium with its environment ...

'' and ''

kinematics In physics, kinematics studies the geometrical aspects of motion of physical objects independent of forces that set them in motion. Constrained motion such as linked machine parts are also described as kinematics. Kinematics is concerned with s ...

''. The ''fundamental principle of dynamics'' is linked to Newton's second law.

Subdivisions

Rigid bodies

Fluids

Applications

Classical dynamics finds many applications: * ''

Aerodynamics Aerodynamics () is the study of the motion of atmosphere of Earth, air, particularly when affected by a solid object, such as an airplane wing. It involves topics covered in the field of fluid dynamics and its subfield of gas dynamics, and is an ...

'', the study of the motion of air * '' Brownian dynamics'', the occurrence of Langevin dynamics in the motion of particles in solution * '' File dynamics'', stochastic motion of particles in a channel * ''

Flight dynamics Flight dynamics in aviation and spacecraft, is the study of the performance, stability, and control of vehicles flight, flying through the air or in outer space. It is concerned with how forces acting on the vehicle determine its velocity and at ...

'', the science of aircraft and spacecraft design * ''

Molecular dynamics Molecular dynamics (MD) is a computer simulation method for analyzing the Motion (physics), physical movements of atoms and molecules. The atoms and molecules are allowed to interact for a fixed period of time, giving a view of the dynamics ( ...

'', the study of motion on the molecular level * '' Langevin dynamics'', a mathematical model for stochastic dynamics * '' Orbital dynamics'', the study of the motion of rockets and spacecraft * '' Stellar dynamics'', a description of the collective motion of stars * '' Vehicle dynamics, the study of vehicles in motion

Generalizations

Non-classical dynamics include: * '' System dynamics'', the study of the behavior of complex systems * '' Quantum dynamics'' analogue of classical dynamics in a quantum physics context * ''

Quantum chromodynamics In theoretical physics, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the study of the strong interaction between quarks mediated by gluons. Quarks are fundamental particles that make up composite hadrons such as the proton, neutron and pion. QCD is a type of ...

'', a theory of the strong interaction (color force) * ''

Quantum electrodynamics In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the Theory of relativity, relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics. In essence, it describes how light and matter interact and is the first theory where full agreement between quant ...

'', a description of how matter and light interact * '' Relativistic dynamics'', a combination of relativistic and quantum concepts * ''

Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, Work (thermodynamics), work, and temperature, and their relation to energy, entropy, and the physical properties of matter and radiation. The behavior of these quantities is governed b ...

'', the study of the relationships between heat and mechanical energy

References