One of the many forms of
stop motion
Stop motion is an animated filmmaking technique in which objects are physically manipulated in small increments between individually photographed frames so that they will appear to exhibit independent motion or change when the series of frames i ...
, but certainly blurring the distinction between stop motion and regular flat (drawing or "cel") animation.
Direct manipulation is a simplified variation of
graphic animation Graphic animation is a variation of stop motion (and possibly more conceptually associated with traditional flat cel animation and paper drawing animation, but still technically qualifying as stop motion) consisting of the animation of photographs ...
which involves the frame-by-frame altering (erasing or adding to) a single drawing or graphic image, while taking a frame of film or video as each small change is made, as close as the stop motion process gets to simply animating a series of drawings, but without actually changing to completely separate drawings or graphics for each frame of film, a more traditional process that most people associate with the generic "animation' term.
Examples of direct-manipulation-animation are parts of J. Stuart Blackton's 1906 ''Humorous Phases of Funny Faces'' the chalk animation opening sequence of
Will Vinton
William Gale Vinton (November 17, 1947 – October 4, 2018) was an American animator and filmmaker. Vinton was best known for his Claymation work, alongside creating iconic characters such as The California Raisins. He won an Oscar for his work a ...
's ''Dinosaur'' (1980), and parts of
Mike Jittlov
Mike Jittlov (born June 8, 1948) is an American animator and the creator of short films and one feature-length film using forms of special effects animation, including stop-motion animation, rotoscoping, and pixilation. He is best known for the 19 ...
's 1977 short film, ''Animato''.
See also
*
12 basic principles of animation
External links
Animation techniques
Stop motion
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