Direct Manipulation Animation
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Direct manipulation animation is one of the many forms of
stop motion Stop-motion (also known as stop frame animation) is an animated filmmaking and special effects technique in which objects are physically manipulated in small increments between individually photographed frames so that they will appear to exh ...
, but certainly blurring the distinction between stop motion and regular flat (drawing or "cel") animation. Direct manipulation is a simplified variation of graphic animation which involves the frame-by-frame altering (erasing or adding to) a single drawing or graphic image, while taking a frame of film or video as each small change is made, as close as the stop motion process gets to simply animating a series of drawings, but without actually changing to completely separate drawings or graphics for each frame of film, a more traditional process that most people associate with the generic "animation' term. Examples of direct-manipulation-animation are parts of J. Stuart Blackton's 1906 ''Humorous Phases of Funny Faces'' the chalk animation opening sequence of
Will Vinton William Gale Vinton (November 17, 1947 – October 4, 2018) was an American animator and filmmaker. Vinton was best known for his Claymation work, alongside creating iconic characters such as The California Raisins. He won an Academy Awards, Os ...
's ''Dinosaur'' (1980), and parts of Mike Jittlov's 1977 short film, ''Animato''.


See also

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12 basic principles of animation Disney's twelve basic principles of animation were introduced by the Disney animators Ollie Johnston and Frank Thomas in their 1981 book '' The Illusion of Life: Disney Animation''. The principles are based on the work of Disney animators fr ...


References


External links

Animation techniques Stop motion {{animation-stub