'' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of

flowering plant Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae (), commonly called angiosperms. The term "angiosperm" is derived from the Greek words ('container, vessel') and ('seed'), and refers to those plants t ...

s and the type genus of family

Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae is a family of 16 genera and about 695 known species of mainly tropical lowland rainforest trees. The family name, from the type genus ''Dipterocarpus'', is derived from Greek (''di'' = two, ''pteron'' = wing and ''karpos'' = fru ...

. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known for timber, but less acknowledged for use in traditional herbal medicine. The genus has about 70 species, occurring in

South Asia South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethno-cultural terms. The region consists of the countries of Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka.;;;;; ...

and

Southeast Asia Southeast Asia, also spelled South East Asia and South-East Asia, and also known as Southeastern Asia, South-eastern Asia or SEA, is the geographical south-eastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of mainland ...

, from

Sri Lanka Sri Lanka (, ; si, ශ්‍රී ලංකා, Śrī Laṅkā, translit-std=ISO (); ta, இலங்கை, Ilaṅkai, translit-std=ISO ()), formerly known as Ceylon and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an ...

and

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, seventh-largest country by area, the List of countries and dependencies by population, second-most populous ...

to the

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

. It is an important component of dipterocarp forests. Its generic name comes from

Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...

and means "two-winged fruits". The greatest diversity of ''Dipterocarpus'' species occurs on

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and e ...

, with many

endemic Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found else ...

to the island. The oldest fossil of the genus, and Dipterocarpaceae, is from the latest Cretaceous (

Maastrichtian The Maastrichtian () is, in the ICS geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series, the Cretaceous Period or System, and of the Mesozoic Era or Erathem. It spanned the inte ...

)

Intertrappean Beds The Intertrappean Beds are a Late Cretaceous geologic formation in India. The beds are found as interbeds between Deccan Traps layers. Indeterminate theropod and pterosaur remains have been recovered from the formation, as well as dinosaur eggs. ...

of India.

Uses

The genus is of considerable importance as timber trees, sold under the trade name Keruing, although not as important as ''

Shorea Fruit of a ''Shorea'' species ''Shorea'' is a genus of about 196 species of mainly rainforest trees in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The genus is named after Sir John Shore, the governor-general of the British East India Company, 1793–1798. T ...

'' species. ''D. turbinatus'', gurjan, is a major commercial timber species found in the Andaman islands. Gurjan wood is very important for making plywood.

Selected species

Species include: *''

Dipterocarpus acutangulus ''Dipterocarpus acutangulus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name ''acutangulus'' is derived from Latin (''angulus'' = angle, ''acutus'' = sharp) and refers to the ribs of the fruit calyx tube. It is native to p ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus alatus ''Dipterocarpus alatus'' ( th, ยางนา, , ; Khmer: ''chhë tiël ba:y, chhë tiël tük, chhë tiël thom''DY PHON Pauline, 2000, Plants Used In Cambodia, self-published, printed by Imprimerie Olympic, Phnom Penh or ឈើទាល (''ch ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus applanatus ''Dipterocarpus applanatus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is endemic to Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus baudii ''Dipterocarpus baudii'' is the accepted name of a tropical forest tree species in the family Dipterocarpaceae; there are no known subspecies. Description This emergent tree species grows up to 40 m high, with obovate-elliptic leaves up to 250& ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus borneensis ''Dipterocarpus borneensis'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is native to Borneo, Sumatra and Java. ''Dipterocarpus borneensis'' grows as a large tree reaching up to in height. It primarily occurs in lowland heath forest ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus bourdillonii ''Dipterocarpus bourdillonii'' is a species of large tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae endemic to the Western Ghats principally in the state of Kerala in India. It is a Critically Endangered species according to the '' IUCN Red List of Threa ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus caudatus ''Dipterocarpus caudatus'' is a species of plant in the evergreen or semi-evergreen family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name is derived from Latin (' = tailed) and refers to the narrow acumen of the leaf apex. It is an emergent tree, up to 50 ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus caudiferus ''Dipterocarpus caudiferus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, endemic to Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southea ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus chartaceus '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known fo ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus cinereus '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known fo ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus concavus '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known for ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus condorensis '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known fo ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus confertus'' *'' Dipterocarpus conformis'' *'' Dipterocarpus coriaceus'' *'' Dipterocarpus cornutus'' *'' Dipterocarpus costatus'' *'' Dipterocarpus costulatus'' *'' Dipterocarpus crinitus'' *'' Dipterocarpus cuspidatus'' *''

Dipterocarpus dyeri ''Dipterocarpus dyeri'' ( Khmer: ''rôyiëng, chhë tiël pruhs, chhë tiël th'nô:r'',DY PHON Pauline, 2000, Plants Used in Cambodia, self-published, printed by Imprimerie Olympic, Phnom Penh local name Kompong Thom: ''chhieutiel chgor'', nam ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus elongatus'' *''

Dipterocarpus eurynchus ''Dipterocarpus eurynchus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The tree is found in Borneo (except Sabah), Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and the Philippines. This species occurs in mixed dipterocarp forest Dipterocarpaceae i ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus fagineus'' *'' Dipterocarpus fusiformis'' *'' Dipterocarpus geniculatus'' *''

Dipterocarpus glabrigemmatus ''Dipterocarpus glabrigemmatus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The tree is endemic to Borneo (Kalimantan and Sarawak). Range and habitat ''Dipterocarpus glabrigemmatus'' is known from five locations in Sarawak state of Mal ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus glandulosus'' *''

Dipterocarpus globosus ''Dipterocarpus globosus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae endemic to Brunei, Sarawak Sarawak (; ) is a state of Malaysia. The largest among the 13 states, with an area almost equal to that of Peninsular Malaysia, Sar ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus gracilis ''Dipterocarpus gracilis'' (Tagalog: ''panao'') is a critically endangered species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, native to South Asia and Southeast Asia. The species is found in Kalimantan, Bangladesh, India (the Andaman and Nicobar I ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus grandiflorus ''Dipterocarpus grandiflorus'' is a species of flowering plant in the Dipterocarpaceae family. It is an endangered medium hardwood tree in South-East Asia and India. Its wood is used to produce good quality charcoal, paper pulp, and timber sold u ...

'', the wood is sold as ''keruing'' timber *'' Dipterocarpus hasseltii'' *'' Dipterocarpus hispidus'' *''

Dipterocarpus humeratus ''Dipterocarpus humeratus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The species name ''humeratus'' is derived from Latin (' = shoulder) and refers to the articulated petiole. ''D. humeratus'' is an emergent tree, up to 50 m t ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus indicus'' *'' Dipterocarpus insignis'' *''

Dipterocarpus intricatus ''Dipterocarpus intricatus'' ( Khmer: ''tra:ch(ត្រាច), tra:ch sa, tra:ch snaèng, tra:ch sra:'',DY PHON Pauline, 2000, ''Plants Used in Cambodia'', self-published, printed by Imprimerie Olympic, Phnom Penh Thai: ''yang-krat'') is a sp ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus kerrii'', the wood is sold as ''keruing'' timber *'' Dipterocarpus kunstleri'' *''

Dipterocarpus lamellatus ''Dipterocarpus lamellatus'' is a tropical rainforest tree endemic to Borneo. It is known from the Beaufort Hills, the Siangau Forest Reserve and Labuan in SW Sabah and Ladan Hills in the Tutong district of Brunei Brunei ( , ), formall ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus littoralis'' *''

Dipterocarpus lowii ''Dipterocarpus lowii'' is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. Description ''Dipterocarpus lowii'' grows as a large tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is chocolate-brown. The fruits are roundish, up to long. Distri ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus megacarpus '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known for ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus mundus'' *'' Dipterocarpus nudus'' *'' Dipterocarpus oblongifolius'' *''

Dipterocarpus obtusifolius ''Dipterocarpus obtusifolius'' is a common species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae found throughout Southeast Asia, including Andaman Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.DY PHON Pauline, 2000, ''Plants Used In Cambodia'' ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus ochraceus'' *''

Dipterocarpus orbicularis '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known for ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus pachyphyllus ''Dipterocarpus pachyphyllus'' is a tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. The specific epithet ''pachyphyllus'' means "thick leaves". Description ''Dipterocarpus pachyphyllus'' grows as a tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Its bar ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus palembanicus'' *'' Dipterocarpus perakensis'' *'' Dipterocarpud pseudocornutus'' *''

Dipterocarpus retusus ''Dipterocarpus retusus'', commonly known as hollong, is a large tree and perhaps the best known species in the genus ''Dipterocarpus''. It is native to China, Vietnam, Philippines, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, and India.DY PHON ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus rigidus ''Dipterocarpus rigidus'' grows as a large tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Bark is rust-brown. The fruits are roundish, up to in diameter. Habitat is mixed dipterocarp forest on low hills near coasts. ''D. rigidus'' is fo ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus rotundifolius '' D. retusus'' in Köhler ''Dipterocarpus'' is a genus of flowering plants and the type genus of family Dipterocarpaceae. ''Dipterocarpus'' is the third-largest and most diverse genus among the Dipterocarpaceae. The species are well known fo ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus sarawakensis ''Dipterocarpus sarawakensis'', locally called the Sarawak keruing, is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, found in peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. It is locally common on leached sandy soils on low coastal hills. The species was ...

'', locally called the Sarawak ''keruing'' *''

Dipterocarpus semivestitus ''Dipterocarpus semivestitus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, occurring in Kalimantan and peninsular Malaysia. This tree is almost always found in lowland forest on swampy land. It is very close to extinction. References

'' *'' Dipterocarpus stellatus'' *''

Dipterocarpus sublamellatus ''Dipterocarpus sublamellatus'' grows as a large tree up to tall, with a trunk diameter of up to . Bark is orange-brown. The fruits are round, up to in diameter. It is found in a variety of now vulnerable habitats from sea-level to elevation. ...

'' *'' Dipterocarpus tempehes'' *''

Dipterocarpus tuberculatus ''Dipterocarpus tuberculatus'' ( Khmer ''khlông'',DY PHON Pauline, 2000, Plants Used in Cambodia, self-published, printed by Imprimerie Olympic, Phnom Penh Indian English ''gurjuntree''Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India, 1952 ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus turbinatus ''Dipterocarpus turbinatus'' ( Khmer ;DY PHON Pauline, 2000, Plants Used In Cambodia, self-published, printed by Imprimerie Olympic, Phnom Penh India ''gurjan'', ''gurjun'', ''gurgina''; Tagalog ; Chinese ; available at Efloras.org Malay lan ...

'', the wood is sold as ''keruing ''timber *''

Dipterocarpus validus ''Dipterocarpus validus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, endemic to Kalimantan, Sabah and the Philippines. The species is common in both primary and secondary forest, often occurring along rivers and in freshwater swamps. It ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus verrucosus ''Dipterocarpus verrucosus'' is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae. It is native to Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand. The species locally common on ridges in mixed dipterocarp forest. Its ''Dipterocarp timber classification, ...

'' *''

Dipterocarpus zeylanicus ''Dipterocarpus zeylanicus'', commonly known as හොර - Hora in Sinhalese and සරල - Sarala or කිරිපලු - Kiripalu, is a species of ''Dipterocarpus'' that is endemic to Sri Lanka. A closely related Indian species is ''Dipt ...

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q232722 Malvales genera