Dennis Parnell Sullivan (born February 12, 1941) is an American
mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems.
Mathematicians are concerned with numbers, data, quantity, structure, space, models, and change.
History
On ...
known for his work in
algebraic topology
Algebraic topology is a branch of mathematics that uses tools from abstract algebra to study topological spaces. The basic goal is to find algebraic invariants that classify topological spaces up to homeomorphism, though usually most classify ...
,
geometric topology, and
dynamical systems. He holds the Albert Einstein Chair at the
City University of New York Graduate Center and is a
distinguished professor
Distinguished Professor is an academic title given to some top tenured professors in a university, school, or department. Some distinguished professors may have endowed chairs.
In the United States
Often specific to one institution, titles such ...
at
Stony Brook University.
Sullivan was awarded the
Wolf Prize in Mathematics in 2010 and the
Abel Prize in 2022.
Early life and education
Sullivan was born in
Port Huron, Michigan, on February 12, 1941.
[.] His family moved to
Houston soon afterwards.
He entered
Rice University to study
chemical engineering but switched his major to mathematics in his second year after encountering a particularly motivating mathematical theorem.
The change was prompted by a special case of the
uniformization theorem
In mathematics, the uniformization theorem says that every simply connected Riemann surface is conformally equivalent to one of three Riemann surfaces: the open unit disk, the complex plane, or the Riemann sphere. The theorem is a generalization ...
, according to which, in his own words:
He received his
Bachelor of Arts
Bachelor of arts (BA or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts degree course is generally completed in three or four year ...
degree from Rice in 1963.
He obtained his
Doctor of Philosophy
A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: or ') is the most common degree at the highest academic level awarded following a course of study. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. Because it is ...
from
Princeton University
Princeton University is a private research university in Princeton, New Jersey. Founded in 1746 in Elizabeth as the College of New Jersey, Princeton is the fourth-oldest institution of higher education in the United States and one of the ...
in 1966 with his thesis, ''Triangulating homotopy equivalences'', under the supervision of
William Browder.
Career
Sullivan worked at the
University of Warwick on a
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO, ; french: Organisation du traité de l'Atlantique nord, ), also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states – 28 European and two No ...
Fellowship from 1966 to 1967.
He was a
Miller Research Fellow at the
University of California, Berkeley
The University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley, Berkeley, Cal, or California) is a public land-grant research university in Berkeley, California. Established in 1868 as the University of California, it is the state's first land-grant u ...
from 1967 to 1969 and then a Sloan Fellow at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) is a private land-grant research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Established in 1861, MIT has played a key role in the development of modern technology and science, and is one of the ...
from 1969 to 1973.
He was a visiting scholar at the
Institute for Advanced Study
The Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), located in Princeton, New Jersey, in the United States, is an independent center for theoretical research and intellectual inquiry. It has served as the academic home of internationally preeminent schola ...
in 1967–1968, 1968–1970, and again in 1975.
Sullivan was an associate professor at
Paris-Sud University from 1973 to 1974, and then became a permanent professor at the
Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques
The Institut des hautes études scientifiques (IHÉS; English: Institute of Advanced Scientific Studies) is a French research institute supporting advanced research in mathematics and theoretical physics. It is located in Bures-sur-Yvette, jus ...
(IHÉS) in 1974.
In 1981, he became the Albert Einstein Chair in Science (Mathematics) at the
Graduate Center, City University of New York
The Graduate School and University Center of the City University of New York (CUNY Graduate Center) is a public research institution and post-graduate university in New York City. Serving as the principal doctorate-granting institution of the C ...
and reduced his duties at the IHÉS to a half-time appointment.
He joined the mathematics faculty at
Stony Brook University in 1996
and left the IHÉS the following year.
Sullivan was involved in the founding of the
Simons Center for Geometry and Physics and is a member of its board of trustees.
Research
Topology
Geometric topology
Along with Browder and his other students, Sullivan was an early adopter of
surgery theory
In mathematics, specifically in geometric topology, surgery theory is a collection of techniques used to produce one finite-dimensional manifold from another in a 'controlled' way, introduced by . Milnor called this technique ''surgery'', while And ...
, particularly for classifying high-dimensional
manifolds.
His thesis work was focused on the ''
Hauptvermutung
The ''Hauptvermutung'' of geometric topology is a now refuted conjecture asking whether any two triangulations of a triangulable space have subdivisions that are combinatorially equivalent, i.e. the subdivided triangulations are built up in the s ...
''.
In an influential set of notes in 1970, Sullivan put forward the radical concept that, within
homotopy theory, spaces could directly "be broken into boxes" (or
''localized''), a procedure hitherto applied to the algebraic constructs made from them.
The
Sullivan conjecture, proved in its original form by
Haynes Miller, states that the
classifying space
In mathematics, specifically in homotopy theory, a classifying space ''BG'' of a topological group ''G'' is the quotient of a weakly contractible space ''EG'' (i.e. a topological space all of whose homotopy groups are trivial) by a proper free ac ...
''BG'' of a
finite group ''G'' is sufficiently different from any finite
CW complex ''X'', that it maps to such an ''X'' only 'with difficulty'; in a more formal statement, the space of all mappings ''BG'' to ''X'', as
pointed space
In mathematics, a pointed space or based space is a topological space with a distinguished point, the basepoint. The distinguished point is just simply one particular point, picked out from the space, and given a name, such as x_0, that remains u ...
s and given the
compact-open topology In mathematics, the compact-open topology is a topology defined on the set of continuous maps between two topological spaces. The compact-open topology is one of the commonly used topologies on function spaces, and is applied in homotopy theory and ...
, is
weakly contractible.
Sullivan's conjecture was also first presented in his 1970 notes.
Sullivan and
Daniel Quillen
Daniel Gray "Dan" Quillen (June 22, 1940 – April 30, 2011) was an American mathematician. He is known for being the "prime architect" of higher algebraic ''K''-theory, for which he was awarded the Cole Prize in 1975 and the Fields Medal in 197 ...
(independently) created
rational homotopy theory in the late 1960s and 1970s.
It examines "rationalizations" of
simply connected topological spaces with
homotopy groups and
singular homology
In algebraic topology, singular homology refers to the study of a certain set of algebraic invariants of a topological space ''X'', the so-called homology groups H_n(X). Intuitively, singular homology counts, for each dimension ''n'', the ''n''- ...
groups
tensored with the
rational numbers, ignoring
torsion
Torsion may refer to:
Science
* Torsion (mechanics), the twisting of an object due to an applied torque
* Torsion of spacetime, the field used in Einstein–Cartan theory and
** Alternatives to general relativity
* Torsion angle, in chemistry
Bi ...
elements and simplifying certain calculations.
Kleinian groups
Sullivan and
William Thurston generalized
Lipman Bers
Lipman Bers ( Latvian: ''Lipmans Berss''; May 22, 1914 – October 29, 1993) was a Latvian-American mathematician, born in Riga, who created the theory of pseudoanalytic functions and worked on Riemann surfaces and Kleinian groups. He was also ...
'
density conjecture from singly degenerate Kleinian surface groups to all
finitely generated Kleinian group
In mathematics, a Kleinian group is a discrete subgroup of the group of orientation-preserving isometries of hyperbolic 3-space . The latter, identifiable with , is the quotient group of the 2 by 2 complex matrices of determinant 1 by their ...
s in the late 1970s and early 1980s.
The conjecture states that every finitely generated Kleinian group is an algebraic limit of
geometrically finite In geometry, a group of isometries of hyperbolic space is called geometrically finite if it has a well-behaved fundamental domain. A hyperbolic manifold is called geometrically finite if it can be described in terms of geometrically finite group ...
Kleinian groups, and was independently proven by Ohshika and Namazi–Souto in 2011 and 2012 respectively.
Conformal and quasiconformal mappings
The
Connes–Donaldson–Sullivan–Teleman index theorem is an extension of the
Atiyah–Singer index theorem to
quasiconformal
In mathematical complex analysis, a quasiconformal mapping, introduced by and named by , is a homeomorphism between plane domains which to first order takes small circles to small ellipses of bounded eccentricity.
Intuitively, let ''f'' : ''D ...
manifolds due to a joint paper by
Simon Donaldson
Sir Simon Kirwan Donaldson (born 20 August 1957) is an English mathematician known for his work on the topology of smooth (differentiable) four-dimensional manifolds, Donaldson–Thomas theory, and his contributions to Kähler geometry. H ...
and Sullivan in 1989 and a joint paper by
Alain Connes
Alain Connes (; born 1 April 1947) is a French mathematician, and a theoretical physicist, known for his contributions to the study of operator algebras and noncommutative geometry. He is a professor at the , , Ohio State University and Vand ...
, Sullivan, and Nicolae Teleman in 1994.
In 1987, Sullivan and
Burton Rodin proved Thurston's conjecture about the approximation
of the
Riemann map by
circle packings.
String topology
Sullivan and Moira Chas started the field of
string topology, which examines algebraic structures on the
homology of
free loop spaces.
They developed the Chas–Sullivan product to give a partial singular homology analogue of the
cup product from
singular cohomology
In mathematics, specifically in homology theory and algebraic topology, cohomology is a general term for a sequence of abelian groups, usually one associated with a topological space, often defined from a cochain complex. Cohomology can be viewed ...
.
String topology has been used in multiple proposals to construct
topological quantum field theories
In gauge theory and mathematical physics, a topological quantum field theory (or topological field theory or TQFT) is a quantum field theory which computes topological invariants.
Although TQFTs were invented by physicists, they are also of mathem ...
in mathematical physics.
Dynamical systems
In 1975, Sullivan and
Bill Parry introduced the topological
Parry–Sullivan invariant In mathematics, the Parry–Sullivan invariant (or Parry–Sullivan number) is a numerical quantity of interest in the study of incidence matrices in graph theory, and of certain one-dimensional dynamical systems. It provides a partial classificati ...
for flows in one-dimensional dynamical systems.
In 1985, Sullivan proved the
no-wandering-domain theorem.
This result was described by mathematician Anthony Philips as leading to a "revival of holomorphic dynamics after 60 years of stagnation."
Awards and honors
* 1971
Oswald Veblen Prize in Geometry
* 1981
Prix Élie Cartan,
French Academy of Sciences
* 1983 Member,
National Academy of Sciences
* 1991 Member,
American Academy of Arts and Sciences
* 1994
King Faisal International Prize for Science
* 2004
National Medal of Science
The National Medal of Science is an honor bestowed by the President of the United States to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of behavioral and social scienc ...
* 2006
Steele Prize for lifetime achievement
* 2010
Wolf Prize in Mathematics, for "his contributions to algebraic topology and conformal dynamics"
* 2012 Fellow of the
American Mathematical Society
The American Mathematical Society (AMS) is an association of professional mathematicians dedicated to the interests of mathematical research and scholarship, and serves the national and international community through its publications, meetings, ...
* 2014
Balzan Prize in Mathematics (pure or applied)
* 2022
Abel Prize
Personal life
Sullivan is married to fellow mathematician
Moira Chas.
See also
*
Assembly map
*
Double bubble conjecture
In the mathematical theory of minimal surfaces, the double bubble theorem states that the shape that encloses and separates two given volumes and has the minimum possible surface area is a ''standard double bubble'': three spherical surfaces meet ...
*
Flexible polyhedron
In geometry, a flexible polyhedron is a polyhedral surface without any boundary edges, whose shape can be continuously changed while keeping the shapes of all of its faces unchanged. The Cauchy rigidity theorem shows that in dimension 3 such ...
*
Formal manifold
*
Loch Ness monster surface
*
Normal invariant
*
Ring lemma
*
Rummler–Sullivan theorem
*
Ruziewicz problem
References
External links
*
*
Sullivan's homepage at CUNYSullivan's homepage at Stony Brook University Dennis Sullivan International Balzan Prize Foundation
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sullivan, Dennis
1941 births
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Abel Prize laureates
City University of New York faculty
Dynamical systems theorists
Graduate Center, CUNY faculty
Fellows of the American Mathematical Society
Homotopy theory
Living people
Mathematicians from Michigan
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
National Medal of Science laureates
Princeton University alumni
Recipients of the Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil)
Rice University alumni
Stony Brook University faculty
Topologists
Wolf Prize in Mathematics laureates