Daniel Anguiano Mangado (1882–1963) was a Spanish trade unionist and politician. As member of the

Spanish Socialist Workers' Party The Spanish Socialist Workers' Party ( es, Partido Socialista Obrero Español ; PSOE ) is a social-democraticThe PSOE is described as a social-democratic party by numerous sources: * * * * political party in Spain. The PSOE has been in gove ...

(PSOE) and the

Unión General de Trabajadores The Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT, General Union of Workers) is a major Spanish trade union, historically affiliated with the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). History The UGT was founded 12 August 1888 by Pablo Iglesias Posse ...

(UGT), he assumed a leading role in the 1917 general strike. An endorser of the PSOE's adhesion to the

Third International The Communist International (Comintern), also known as the Third International, was a Soviet-controlled international organization founded in 1919 that advocated world communism. The Comintern resolved at its Second Congress to "struggle by a ...

, he left the party to form the Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) in 1921.

Biography

Born on 11 December 1882 in Haro (province of Logroño), he left the province as a child. Installed in

Madrid Madrid ( , ) is the capital and most populous city of Spain. The city has almost 3.4 million inhabitants and a Madrid metropolitan area, metropolitan area population of approximately 6.7 million. It is the Largest cities of the Europ ...

after a time in Santander and Catarroja due to the vicissitudes of his father's job as railway worker, Anguiano—previously a member of the Federal Republican Party— became a member of the

(PSOE) in 1905 or 1908. A member of the

(UGT) since 1907, he replaced at the helm of the UGT's railway union in 1914. Anguiano was elected as Madrid municipal councillor in representation of the district of Hospital at the . Anguiano promoted an initiative passed at the 12th UGT Congress in May 1916 intending to promote a campaign based on demonstrations and protests to force the Government of Spain to pass legislation in order to mitigate the social-economical crisis. The same congress agreed on the opening of negotiations with the rival and anarchist

Confederación Nacional del Trabajo The Confederación Nacional del Trabajo ( en, National Confederation of Labor; CNT) is a Spanish confederation of anarcho-syndicalist Anarcho-syndicalism is a political philosophy and anarchist school of thought that views revolutionar ...

(CNT). points out that despite being admired because of his character, Anguiano enjoyed little oratorical skills. He was initiated as freemason in August 1917. Trade unionists in the penitentiary of Cartagena

Trade unionists in the penitentiary of Cartagena

As representative of the UGT, Anguiano formed along fellow Socialists

Francisco Largo Caballero Francisco Largo Caballero (15 October 1869 – 23 March 1946) was a Spanish politician and trade unionist. He was one of the historic leaders of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) and of the Workers' General Union (UGT). In 1936 and 19 ...

(UGT) and

Julián Besteiro Julián Besteiro Fernández (21 September 1870 – 27 September 1940) was a Spanish socialist politician, elected to the Cortes Generales and in 1931 as Speaker of the Constituent Cortes of the Spanish Republic. He also was elected several times ...

and Andrés Saborit (PSOE representatives) the managing committee of the . Captured along the rest of the managing committee, he was trialed in

drumhead court-martial A drumhead court-martial is a court-martial held in the field to hear urgent charges of offences committed in action. The term sometimes has connotations of summary offence, summary justice. The term is said to originate from the use of a drum as ...

on charges of military sedition and generic rebellion with the prosecutor asking for life imprisonment and permanent inhabilitation. He was declared guilty of the charges in 4 October, and transferred to the Cartagena Prison on 20 October 1917. While still imprisoned, he earned a seat to the

Congress of Deputies The Congress of Deputies ( es, link=no, Congreso de los Diputados, italic=unset) is the lower house of the Cortes Generales, Spain's legislative branch. The Congress meets in the Palace of the Parliament () in Madrid. It has 350 members elect ...

at the February 1918 general election in representation of the Valencia constituency, running under the banner of the ''Alianza de las Izquierdas'' platform. was the other member of the platform elected in the constituency. He had previously rejected the pardon, but took possession of his seat thanks to the May 1918

amnesty Amnesty (from the Ancient Greek ἀμνηστία, ''amnestia'', "forgetfulness, passing over") is defined as "A pardon extended by the government to a group or class of people, usually for a political offense; the act of a sovereign power offici ...

. Durante his travel to the conference of the Second International celebrated in

Rotterdam Rotterdam ( , , , lit. ''The Dam on the River Rotte'') is the second largest city and municipality in the Netherlands. It is in the province of South Holland, part of the North Sea mouth of the Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta, via the ''"Ne ...

in 1920, he was surprised by the Dutch police in possession of a letter asking the Comintern for funding to deliver propaganda of the Third International in Spain, and was subsequently arrested. He took part along

Fernando de los Ríos Fernando de los Ríos Urruti (8 December 1879 – 31 May 1949) was a Spanish professor of Political Law and Socialist politician who was in turn Minister of Justice, Minister of Education and Foreign Minister between 1931 and 1933 in the early yea ...

of the entourage sent to Russia by the PSOE in 1920 to assess the prospect of the party's adhesion to the Communist International, meeting

Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov. ( 1870 – 21 January 1924), better known as Vladimir Lenin,. was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1 ...

. In his ensuing briefing Anguiano delivered a rather positive report, bar some reservation (in contrast to the starkly negative report by de los Ríos), on the state of affairs of Soviet Russia. Anguiano therefore defended the joining of the PSOE to the Third International at the PSOE Extraordinary Congress in 1921. After the rejection of the majority of the party membership to accept the

Twenty-one Conditions The Twenty-one Conditions, officially the Conditions of Admission to the Communist International, refer to the conditions, most of which were suggested by Vladimir Lenin, to the adhesion of the socialist parties to the Third International (Comintern ...

and join the Communist International, Anguiano led a split of the party, the Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE), soon merged with another ''tercerista'' split, the

Spanish Communist Party The Spanish Communist Party (in es, Partido Comunista Español), was the first communist party in Spain, formed out of the Federación de Juventudes Socialistas (Federation of Socialist Youth, youth wing of Spanish Socialist Workers' Party). Th ...

, to form the

Communist Party of Spain The Communist Party of Spain ( es, Partido Comunista de España; PCE) is a Marxist-Leninist party that, since 1986, has been part of the United Left coalition, which is part of Unidas Podemos. It currently has two of its politicians serving a ...

(PCE) in November 1921. Anguiano soon left the PCE's managing board. He was preemptively jailed again from November 1928 to March 1929, accused of the charge of "conspiration for rebellion", after a plot prepared by September 1928 against the

dictatorship of Primo de Rivera General Miguel Primo de Rivera's dictatorship over Spain began with a coup on 13 September 1923 and ended with his resignation on 28 January 1930. It took place during the wider reign of King Alfonso XIII. In establishing his dictatorship, ...

. He was probed after Vicente Costales paid the 10,000 pesetas the bail was set at. After his second spell in jail, he returned to the UGT and the PSOE, and worked for Radio Ibérica and CAMPSA. An exile from the

Francoist regime Francoist Spain ( es, España franquista), or the Francoist dictatorship (), was the period of Spanish history between 1939 and 1975, when Francisco Franco ruled Spain after the Spanish Civil War with the title . After his death in 1975, Spai ...

, Anguiano successively lived in

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area ...

Santo Domingo , total_type = Total , population_density_km2 = auto , timezone = AST (UTC −4) , area_code_type = Area codes , area_code = 809, 829, 849 , postal_code_type = Postal codes , postal_code = 10100–10699 ( Distrito Nacional) , webs ...

Cuba Cuba ( , ), officially the Republic of Cuba ( es, República de Cuba, links=no ), is an island country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Cuba is located where the northern Caribbea ...

Hungary Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Pannonian Basin, Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the ...

and

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

, dying in

Mexico City Mexico City ( es, link=no, Ciudad de México, ; abbr.: CDMX; Nahuatl: ''Altepetl Mexico'') is the capital city, capital and primate city, largest city of Mexico, and the List of North American cities by population, most populous city in North Amer ...

on 12 August 1963.

References

;Informational notes ;Citations ;Bibliography * * * * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Anguiano, Daniel Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Spanish Restoration Madrid city councillors Unión General de Trabajadores members Spanish Freemasons Spanish Socialist Workers' Party politicians Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in the Dominican Republic Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Cuba Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Mexico Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in France Spanish politicians convicted of crimes Communist Party of Spain politicians Spanish political party founders