Dryopithecini is an extinct tribe of Eurasian and African great apes that are believed to be close to the ancestry of
gorilla
Gorillas are herbivorous, predominantly ground-dwelling great apes that inhabit the tropical forests of equatorial Africa. The genus ''Gorilla'' is divided into two species: the eastern gorilla and the western gorilla, and either four or fi ...
s,
chimpanzee
The chimpanzee (''Pan troglodytes''), also known as simply the chimp, is a species of great ape native to the forest and savannah of tropical Africa. It has four confirmed subspecies and a fifth proposed subspecies. When its close relative th ...
s and
human
Humans (''Homo sapiens'') are the most abundant and widespread species of primate, characterized by bipedalism and exceptional cognitive skills due to a large and complex brain. This has enabled the development of advanced tools, culture, ...
s.
Members of this tribe are known as dryopithecines.
Taxonomy
* Tribe Dryopithecini
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** ''
Kenyapithecus
''Kenyapithecus wickeri'' is a fossil ape discovered by Louis Leakey in 1961 at a site called Fort Ternan in Kenya. The upper jaw and teeth were dated to 14 million years ago.
One theory states that ''Kenyapithecus'' may be the common ances ...
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*** ''Kenyapithecus wickeri''
**''
Danuvius''
*** ''Danuvius guggenmosi''
** ''
Ouranopithecus
''Ouranopithecus'' ("celestial ape" from Ancient Greek
οὐρανός (ouranós), "sky, heaven" + πίθηκος (píthēkos),"ape") is a genus of extinct Eurasian great ape represented by two species, ''Ouranopithecus macedoniensis'', a late M ...
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*** ''
Ouranopithecus macedoniensis
''Ouranopithecus macedoniensis'' is a prehistoric species of '' Ouranopithecus'' from the Late Miocene of Greece. See more detail at '' Ouranopithecus''.
This species is known from three localities in Northern Greece. The type location is Ravin ...
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*** ''
Ouranopithecus turkae
''Ouranopithecus turkae'' is a prehistoric species of '' Ouranopithecus'' from the Late Miocene of Turkey.
This is known from the Corakyerler locality, central Anatolia. It is known only from three cranial fossils. Dated faunal remains associat ...
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** ''
Otavipithecus
''Otavipithecus namibiensis'' is an extinct species of ape from the Miocene of Namibia. The fossils were discovered at the Berg Aukas mines in the foothills of the Otavi mountains, hence the generic name. The species was described in 1992 by G ...
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*** ''Otavipithecus namibiensis''
** ''
Oreopithecus
''Oreopithecus'' (from the Greek , and , , meaning "hill-ape") is an extinct genus of hominoid primate from the Miocene epoch whose fossils have been found in today's Tuscany and Sardinia in Italy. It existed nine to seven million years ago in ...
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*** ''Oreopithecus bambolii''
** ''
Nakalipithecus
''Nakalipithecus nakayamai'' is an extinct species of great ape from Nakali, Kenya, from about 9.9–9.8 million years ago during the Late Miocene. It is known from a right jawbone with 3 molars and from 11 isolated teeth, and the specimen is p ...
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*** ''Nakalipithecus nakayamai''
** ''
Anoiapithecus
''Anoiapithecus'' is an extinct ape genus thought to be closely related to '' Dryopithecus''. Both genera lived during the Miocene, approximately 12 million years ago. Fossil specimens named by Salvador Moyà-Solà are known from the deposits ...
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*** ''Anoiapithecus brevirostris''
** ''
Dryopithecus
''Dryopithecus'' is a genus of extinct great apes from the middle–late Miocene boundary of Europe 12.5 to 11.1 million years ago (mya). Since its discovery in 1856, the genus has been subject to taxonomic turmoil, with numerous new species b ...
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*** ''Dryopithecus wuduensis''
*** ''Dryopithecus fontani''
** ''
Hispanopithecus
''Hispanopithecus'' is a genus of apes that inhabited Europe during the Miocene epoch. It was first identified in a 1944 paper by J. F. Villalta and M. Crusafont in . Anthropologists disagree as to whether ''Hispanopithecus'' belongs to the subf ...
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*** ''Hispanopithecus laietanus''
*** ''Hispanopithecus crusafonti''
** ''
Neopithecus''
*** ''Neopithecus brancoi''
** ''
Pierolapithecus
''Pierolapithecus catalaunicus'' is an extinct species of primate which lived about 13 million years ago during the Miocene in what is now Hostalets de Pierola, Catalonia, Spain, giving it its scientific name. It is believed by some to be a comm ...
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*** ''Pierolapithecus catalaunicus''
** ''
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*** ''Rudapithecus hungaricus''
** ''
Samburupithecus
''Samburupithecus'' is an extinct primate that lived in Kenya during the middle to late Miocene. The one species in this genus, ''Samburupithecus kiptalami'', is known only from a maxilla fragment dated to discovered in 1982 and formally descri ...
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*** ''Samburupithecus kiptalami''
** ''
Udabnopithecus''
*** ''Udabnopithecus garedziensis''
** ''
Griphopithecus
''Griphopithecus'' is a prehistoric ape from the Miocene of Turkey and Central Europe.
Description
''Griphopithecus'' has been consistently grouped with stem hominoids. The material therefore indicates the range of hominoid locomotor anatomy i ...
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*** ''
Griphopithecus alpani
''Griphopithecus alpani'' is a species of prehistoric ape from the Miocene of Turkey
Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a transcontinental country located mainly on the ...
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*** ''
Griphopithecus suessi
''Griphopithecus suessi'' is a prehistoric species of kenyapith hominid from the Miocene of Austria and Slovakia, dated to approximately 15 million years ago. ''G. suessi'' is based on a single lower molar, with three other isolated teeth and two ...
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** ''
Graecopithecus
''Graecopithecus'' is an extinct species of hominid that lived in southeast Europe during the late Miocene around 7.2 million years ago. Originally identified by a single lower jaw bone bearing a molar tooth found in Pyrgos Vasilissis, Athens, ...
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*** ''Graecopithecus freybergi''
References
Prehistoric apes
Miocene first appearances
Miocene extinctions
Mammal tribes
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