Dryandra Ser. Ilicinae

''Dryandra'' ser. ''Ilicinae'' is an obsolete series within the former genus ''Dryandra'' (now ''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra''). It was first published by Carl Meissner in 1856, but was discarded by George Bentham in 1870. It was reinstated with a new circumscription by Alex George in 1996, but was ultimately discarded again in 2007 when Austin Mast and Kevin Thiele sunk ''Dryandra'' into '' Banksia''.

According to Meissner

This taxon was first published by Meissner in his 1856 chapter on the Proteaceae in A. P. de Candolle's ''Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis''.. Meissner's arrangement followed that of Robert Brown in segregating a single species into the genus ''Hemiclidia'', and dividing the remaining species into three sections according to what were perceived to be variations in the number of seed separators. Meissner then further divided ''D.'' sect. ''Eudryandra'' into eight unranked groups signified by the symbol "§". The first of these, ''Dryandra § Ilicinae'', was defined as comprising four species with leaves resembling those of ''Ilex'' (Holly). The placement and circumscription of ''D.'' § ''Ilicinae'' in Meissner's arrangement thus looks like this:
:''Dryandra'' (now ''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra'')
:: ''D.'' sect. ''Eudryandra'' (8 series, 47 species, 7 varieties)
:::''D.'' § Ilicinae''
::::''D. praemorsa'' (now '' B. undata'')
:::::''D. praemorsa'' var. ''elongata'' (now ''B. undata'' var. ''undata'')
::::''D. quercifolia'' (now '' B. heliantha'')
::::''D. cuneata'' (now '' B. obovata'')
::::''D. floribunda'' (now ''B. sessilis'' var. ''sessilis'')
:::::''D. floribunda'' var. ''cordata'' (now ''B. sessilis'' var. ''cordata'')
::: ''D.'' § ''Runcinatae'' (5 species)
::: ''D.'' § ''Serratae'' (11 species, 3 varieties)
::: ''D.'' § ''Marginatae'' (7 species)
::: ''D.'' § ''Pectinatae'' (6 species)
::: ''D.'' § ''Decurrentes'' (11 species)
::: ''D.'' § ''Acrodontae'' (2 species)
::: ''D.'' § ''Haplophyllae'' (1 species)
:: ''D.'' sect. ''Diplophragma'' (2 species)
:: ''D.'' sect. ''Aphragma'' (4 species, 4 varieties)
:''Hemiclidia'' (1 species)

According to Bentham

Along with many of Meissner's infrageneric taxa, which were overly reliant on leaf characters, Bentham discarded ''D.'' § ''Ilicinae'' in his 1870 arrangement. The species that Meissner placed there were placed together in ''D.'' ser. ''Armatae'', except for ''D. floribunda'' (now ''Banksia sessilis'') which Bentham placed in ''D.'' ser. ''Floribundae''.

According to George

When Alex George published his revision of ''Dryandra'' in 1996, he recycled number of previously published infrageneral names, including Meissner's ''Ilicinae''. George gave it series rank and placed it within ''D.'' subg. ''Dryandra''. It was circumscribed as containing three species: ''D. praemorsa'' (now '' B. undata''), ''D. quercifolia'' (now '' B. heliantha'') and ''D. anatona'' (now '' B. anatona'').

George's placement and circumscription of ''D.'' ser. ''Ilicinae'', as amended in 1999 and 2005, may be summarised as follows:
:''Dryandra'' (now ''Banksia'' ser. ''Dryandra'')
:: ''D.'' subg. ''Dryandra''
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Floribundae'' (1 species, 4 varieties)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Armatae'' (21 species, 7 subspecies, 4 varieties)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Marginatae'' (1 species)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Folliculosae'' (1 species, 5 varieties)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Acrodontae'' (4 species, 2 varieties)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Capitellatae'' (2 species, 2 subspecies)
:::''D.'' ser. ''Ilicinae''
::::''D. praemorsa'' (now '' B. undata'')
:::::''D. praemorsa'' var. ''praemorsa'' (now ''B. undata'' var. ''undata'')
:::::''D. praemorsa'' var. ''splendens'' (now ''B. undata'' var. ''splendens'')
::::''D. quercifolia'' (now '' B. heliantha'')
::::''D. anatona'' (now '' B. anatona'')
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Dryandra'' (3 species, 2 subspecies)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Foliosae'' (3 species, 2 subspecies)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Decurrentes'' (1 species)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Tenuifoliae'' (2 species, 2 varieties)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Runcinatae'' (4 species, 7 subspecies)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Triangulares'' (3 species, 3 subspecies)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Aphragma'' (9 species, 3 subspecies)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Ionthocarpae'' (1 species, 2 subspecies)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Inusitatae'' (1 species)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Subulatae'' (1 species)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Gymnocephalae'' (11 species, 4 subspecies, 2 varieties)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Concinnae'' (3 species)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Obvallatae'' (7 species, 2 varieties)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Pectinatae'' (1 species)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Acuminatae'' (1 species)
::: ''D.'' ser. ''Niveae'' (7 species, 7 subspecies)
:: ''D.'' subg. ''Hemiclidia'' (2 species)
:: ''D.'' subg. ''Diplophragma'' (1 species)

Recent developments

Since 1998, Austin Mast has been publishing results of ongoing cladistic analyses of DNA sequence data for the subtribe Banksiinae. His analyses have provided compelling evidence of the paraphyly of '' Banksia'' with respect to ''Dryandra''; that is, it seems that ''Dryandra'' arose from within the ranks of ''Banksia''. Early in 2007, Mast and Kevin Thiele initiated a rearrangement of ''Banksia'' by sinking ''Dryandra'' into it as ''B.'' ser. ''Dryandra''. This transfer necessitated the setting aside of George's infrageneric arrangement of ''Dryandra''; thus ''D.'' ser. ''Armatae'' is no longer current. Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of ''Dryandra'' is complete.

References

External links

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{{DEFAULTSORT:Dryandra Ser. Ilicinae
*ser. Ilicinae
Historically recognized angiosperm taxa
Plant series
Taxa named by Carl Meissner