Dorothy Toplitzky Blum (February 21, 1924 – October 1980) was an American

computer scientist A computer scientist is a person who is trained in the academic study of computer science. Computer scientists typically work on the theoretical side of computation, as opposed to the hardware side on which computer engineers mainly focus (al ...

and cryptanalyst. She worked for the National Security Agency and its predecessors from 1944 until her death in 1980.

Early life

Dorothy Toplitzky was born in 1924 in New York City to Austro-Hungarian immigrant parents.

Career

After graduating from

Brooklyn College Brooklyn College is a public university in Brooklyn, Brooklyn, New York. It is part of the City University of New York system and enrolls about 15,000 undergraduate and 2,800 graduate students on a 35-acre campus. Being New York City's first publ ...

in 1944, she joined the cryptologic unit of the U.S. Army. This unit focused on

cryptanalysis Cryptanalysis (from the Greek ''kryptós'', "hidden", and ''analýein'', "to analyze") refers to the process of analyzing information systems in order to understand hidden aspects of the systems. Cryptanalysis is used to breach cryptographic sec ...

, the study of analyzing information systems to gain access to hidden aspects of systems, in this case, the Axis powers' encrypted messages. After World War II, she worked for the United States Armed Forces Security Agency and later the National Security Agency (NSA). During her time at the NSA in the 1950s, Blum was tasked with "keep ngabreast of the latest advances in the field of computing" and recommended computer technologies that could be adapted for

and communications intelligence. This included her use of the FORTRAN programing language beginning three years before its public release in 1957. She wrote computer software for the NSA and spearheaded the effort to teach NSA employees to write cryptanalytic programs. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, Blum continued to work in the field of computer science, helping to design the NSA's computer systems and automate processes. In 1972, she became the chief of the NSA Computer Operations Organization (C7), the only woman at the time in the organization's management hierarchy. She was appointed chief of Plans and Project Development Organization (T4) in the Telecommunications and Computer Services Organization in 1977. She was also involved in the Women in NSA (WIN) group.

Legacy

Blum died from cancer in October 1980, aged 56. An internal award at the NSA - the Dorothy T Blum Award for excellence in employee personal and professional development - was named after her. In 2004, she was inducted into the NSA Hall of Honor. An official NSA biography states that, in her 36-year career, Blum "significantly changed the way NSA did cryptanalysis." She was also elected one of the top 100 "most outstanding women in the federal government."

Personal life

In 1950, she married NSA mathematician Joseph Blum, and they later had a son, David Blum.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Blum, Dorothy 1924 births 1980 deaths Scientists from New York City American computer scientists American women computer scientists National Security Agency people American people of Austrian descent American people of Hungarian descent Brooklyn College alumni 20th-century American scientists 20th-century American women scientists