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Dolores Korman Sloviter (September 5, 1932 – October 12, 2022) was a
United States circuit judge In the United States, federal judges are judges who serve on courts established under Article Three of the U.S. Constitution. They include the chief justice and the associate justices of the U.S. Supreme Court, the circuit judges of the U.S. ...
of the
United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (in case citations, 3d Cir.) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts for the following districts: * District of Delaware * District of New Jersey * Ea ...
. Beginning in April 2016, she stopped hearing cases or matters before the court.https://howappealing.abovethelaw.com/wp-content/uploads/pdf/CTA3-PRESSRELEASE-4-4-16.pdf Sloviter died on October 12, 2022, at the age of 90.


Education and career

Born to a Jewish-American family in 1932 in
Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...
,
Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...
, Sloviter attended
Philadelphia High School for Girls The Philadelphia High School for Girls, also known as Girls' High, is a public college preparatory magnet high school for girls in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As its name suggests, the school's enrollment is all female. Established in 1848, it ...
. She graduated from
Temple University Temple University (Temple or TU) is a public state-related research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1884 by the Baptist minister Russell Conwell and his congregation Grace Baptist Church of Philadelphia then called Ba ...
in 1953 with a bachelor's degree and received her
Bachelor of Laws Bachelor of Laws ( la, Legum Baccalaureus; LL.B.) is an undergraduate law degree in the United Kingdom and most common law jurisdictions. Bachelor of Laws is also the name of the law degree awarded by universities in the People's Republic of Chi ...
in 1956 from the
University of Pennsylvania Law School The University of Pennsylvania Carey Law School (also known as Penn Law or Penn Carey Law) is the law school of the University of Pennsylvania, a private research university in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It is among the most selective and olde ...
, where she served as a Comments Editor of the ''
University of Pennsylvania Law Review The ''University of Pennsylvania Law Review'' is a law review published by an organization of second and third year J.D. students at the University of Pennsylvania Law School. It is the oldest law journal in the United States, having been publishe ...
''. She was a
law clerk A law clerk or a judicial clerk is a person, generally someone who provides direct counsel and assistance to a lawyer or judge by researching issues and drafting legal opinions for cases before the court. Judicial clerks often play significant ...
for the City of Philadelphia Law Department in 1955. Sloviter was in private law practice in Philadelphia until she became an Associate Professor of law at
Temple University Beasley School of Law The Temple University James E. Beasley School of Law is the law school of Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It was founded in 1895 and enrolls about 530 students. Student body Admission for fall 2019 entering class was highly compe ...
in 1972 and a Professor of Law at Temple in 1974, serving until 1979.


Federal judicial service

Sloviter was nominated by President
Jimmy Carter James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 39th president of the United States from 1977 to 1981. A member of the Democratic Party (United States), Democratic Party, he previously served as th ...
on April 4, 1979, to the
United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit The United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit (in case citations, 3d Cir.) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the district courts for the following districts: * District of Delaware * District of New Jersey * Ea ...
, to a new seat created by 92 Stat. 1629. She was confirmed by the
United States Senate The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress, with the House of Representatives being the lower chamber. Together they compose the national bicameral legislature of the United States. The composition and pow ...
on June 19, 1979, and received her commission on June 21, 1979, becoming the first woman to serve on the Third Circuit and the fourth woman to serve on a United States Court of Appeals. She served as Chief Judge from 1991 to 1998. Sloviter took
senior status Senior status is a form of semi-retirement for United States federal judges. To qualify, a judge in the Federal judiciary of the United States, federal court system must be at least 65 years old, and the sum of the judge's age and years of servi ...
on June 21, 2013, the 34th anniversary of her appointment to the bench. Although Sloviter had been eligible to take senior status for some time, she long opted not to do so, preferring instead to remain an "active" judge, with a full caseload and full voting rights. On April 4, 2016, then-Chief Judge
Theodore McKee Theodore Alexander McKee (born June 5, 1947, in Rochester, New York) is a Senior United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit. He previously served on the Philadelphia Court of Common Pleas in the First ...
announced that Judge Sloviter would assume "inactive status" and stop hearing cases due to a serious medical condition, but she would remain active within the court's committees. Sloviter died on October 12, 2022, at the age of 90.


Notable case

In 1996, Sloviter was a member of a three-judge panel of the
Eastern District of Pennsylvania The United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania (in case citations, E.D. Pa.) is one of the original 13 federal judiciary districts created by the Judiciary Act of 1789. It originally sat in Independence Hall in Phil ...
which heard a challenge to the
Communications Decency Act The Communications Decency Act of 1996 (CDA) was the United States Congress's first notable attempt to regulate pornographic material on the Internet. In the 1997 landmark case ''Reno v. ACLU'', the United States Supreme Court unanimously struck ...
, Title V of the
Telecommunications Act of 1996 The Telecommunications Act of 1996 is a United States federal law enacted by the 104th United States Congress on January 3, 1996, and signed into law on February 8, 1996, by President Bill Clinton. It primarily amended Chapter 5 of Title 47 of t ...
, on grounds that it abridged the free speech provisions of the
First Amendment First or 1st is the ordinal form of the number one (#1). First or 1st may also refer to: *World record, specifically the first instance of a particular achievement Arts and media Music * 1$T, American rapper, singer-songwriter, DJ, and rec ...
. On June 12, 1996, their decision blocked enforcement of the act, ruling that it was unconstitutional, in addition to being unworkable and impractical from a technical standpoint. The "Findings of Fact" document — written for the case by Judges Sloviter,
Ronald L. Buckwalter Ronald Lawrence Buckwalter (born December 11, 1936) is an inactive Senior status, senior United States federal judge, United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. Education and career ...
, and Stewart R. Dalzell — was posted on the Internet and cited as a lucid introduction to the Internet and related software. The
U.S. Supreme Court The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest court in the federal judiciary of the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all U.S. federal court cases, and over state court cases that involve a point o ...
upheld their ruling on June 18, 1997.


Book

In 2007, one of her former clerks,
Saira Rao Saira Sameera Rao (born June 12, 1974) is an American political activist, author, publisher, and former Wall Street lawyer and television producer. She is the co-founder of Race2Dinner, In This Together Media, and Haven, and came to greater prom ...
, published a book commonly assumed to be based on the author's experience working for Sloviter.


References


Sources

* * Lewis, Peter H. "Personal Computers: An Internet Primer by 3 Newbies". ''The New York Times''. June 18, 1996. p. C11.


External links

*
Transcript of Interview with Professor Judge Dolores Sloviter
Catharine Krieps, University of Pennsylvania Law School, April 2, 1999 * {{DEFAULTSORT:Sloviter, Dolores 1932 births 2022 deaths 20th-century American judges 20th-century American lawyers 20th-century American women judges 20th-century American women lawyers 21st-century American judges 21st-century American women judges 21st-century women judges Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit Lawyers from Philadelphia Philadelphia High School for Girls alumni Temple University alumni Temple University faculty United States court of appeals judges appointed by Jimmy Carter University of Pennsylvania Law School alumni