Adolf Marcus "Dolf" Joekes (5 May 1884 – 1 April 1962) was a Dutch politician and diplomat of the defunct

Free-thinking Democratic League The Free-thinking Democratic League ( nl, Vrijzinnig Democratische Bond, VDB) was a progressive liberal political party in the Netherlands. Established in 1901, it played a relatively large role in Dutch politics, supplying one Prime Minister, ...

(VDB) and later co-founder of the Labour Party (PvdA) and businessman. Joekes worked as a salesman for the Samarang–Joana Steam Tram Company and the Semarang-Cheribon Steam Tram Company in

Batavia Batavia may refer to: Historical places * Batavia (region), a land inhabited by the Batavian people during the Roman Empire, today part of the Netherlands * Batavia, Dutch East Indies, present-day Jakarta, the former capital of the Dutch East In ...

in the Dutch East Indies from 1910 until 1918 and a corporate director for the Dutch East Indies Railway Company from 1918 until 1920. Joekes worked as a civil servant for the

Ministry of Labour The Ministry of Labour ('' UK''), or Labor ('' US''), also known as the Department of Labour, or Labor, is a government department responsible for setting labour standards, labour dispute mechanisms, employment, workforce participation, training, a ...

as Director-General of the department for International Labour Laws, taking office on 18 May 1920. Joekes was elected as a Member of the House of Representatives after the election of 1925, taking office on 15 September 1925. Joekes also worked as a

Managing editor A managing editor (ME) is a senior member of a publication's management team. Typically, the managing editor reports directly to the editor-in-chief and oversees all aspects of the publication. United States In the United States, a managing edit ...

of the party newspaper ''De Vrijzinnig-Democraat'' from 10 December 1925 until 1 May 1941. After the election of 1933 the Leader of the Free-thinking Democratic League and

Parliamentary leader A parliamentary leader is a political title or a descriptive term used in various countries to designate the person leading a parliamentary group or caucus in a legislative body, whether it be a national or sub-national legislature. They are their ...

of the Free-thinking Democratic League in the House of Representatives

Henri Marchant Hendrik Pieter "Henri" Marchant (12 February 1869 - 12 May 1956) was a Dutch politician who co-founded the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) and served as a member of the House of Representatives from 1900 until 1933, after which he was Min ...

was appointed as Minister of Education, Arts and Sciences in the Cabinet Colijn II and selected Joekes as his successor as his Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives, taking office on 1 June 1933. In May 1935 Henri Marchant announced he was stepping down as Leader of the Free-thinking Democratic League and Minister of Education, Arts and Science. Henri Marchant resigned as Leader and Minister on 18 May 1935 and was succeeded as Leader by

Pieter Oud Pieter Jacobus Oud (5 December 1886 – 12 August 1968) was a Dutch politician of the defunct Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB) party and later co-founder of the Labour Party (PvdA) and the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD) ...

and that day Joekes was named as his Deputy. Following the election of 1937 Pieter Oud returned a Member of the House of Representatives but asked Joekes to remain as Parliamentary leader in the House of Representatives until 20 September 1937. In October 1938 Pieter Oud was nominated as Mayor of Rotterdam and he announced he was stepping down as Leader and Parliamentary leader and endorsed Joekes as his successor. Pieter Oud resigned as Leader and Parliamentary leader on 15 October 1938 with Joekes installed the same day. During

World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposing ...

Joekes continued to serve as a Member of House of Representatives but in reality the political influence of the House of Representative was marginalized. Joekes also served as Chairman of the Free-thinking Democratic League from 9 May 1941 until 13 April 1943 following the death of Marcus Slingenberg. In May 1942 Joekes was arrested and detained in the

ilag Ilag is an abbreviation of the German word ''Internierungslager''. They were internment camps established by the German Army in World War II to hold Allied civilians, caught in areas that were occupied by the German Army. They included United Stat ...

Sint-Michielsgestel Sint-Michielsgestel () is a village in the municipality of Sint-Michielsgestel, Netherlands. Geography The 120 km long river Dommel flows north from a well near Peer in Belgium. Just north of 's-Hertogenbosch it is joined by the Aa and ...

and was released in December 1942. In April 1943 Joekes was again arrested and was detained in the

s of Scheveningen,

Vught Vught () is a municipality and a town in the southern Netherlands, and lies just south of the industrial and administrative centre of 's-Hertogenbosch. Many commuters live in the municipality, and the town of Vught was once named "Best place to liv ...

and Haaren. In August 1943 Joekes was transferred to the Buchenwald concentration camp and was detained until its liberation on 4 April 1945. Following the end of

Queen Wilhelmina Wilhelmina (; Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Maria; 31 August 1880 – 28 November 1962) was Queen of the Netherlands from 1890 until her abdication in 1948. She reigned for nearly 58 years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World Wa ...

ordered a

Recall of Parliament A recall of Parliament is a parliamentary procedure involving an extraordinary sitting of a parliament, occurring outside the time when that parliament would usually meet, such as over a weekend, or when the parliament would normally be in recess. ...

and Joekes remained in the House of Representatives. On 9 February 1946 the Free-thinking Democratic League (VDB), the Social Democratic Workers' Party (SDAP) and the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) choose to merge to form the Labour Party (PvdA). Joekes was one of the co-founders and became one of the unofficial Deputy Leaders of the Labour Party. For the elections of 1946 and 1948 Joekes was one of the ''

Lijsttrekker In politics, a lead candidate (; , ) is the leader of a political party in an election to a legislative body. In parliamentary systems, it is often the party's nominee for the position of head of government. In open list electoral systems, it is ...

s'' (top candidates) of the Labour Party. After the election of 1948 a cabinet formation resulted in a coalition agreement between the Labour Party, the

Catholic People's Party The Catholic People's Party ( nl, Katholieke Volkspartij, KVP) was a Catholic Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The party was founded in 1945 as a continuation of the Roman Catholic State Party, which was a continuation of ...

(KVP), the

Christian Historical Union The Christian Historical Union ( nl, Christelijk-Historische Unie, CHU) was a Protestant Christian democratic political party in the Netherlands. The CHU is one of the predecessors of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA), into which it merged i ...

(CHU) and the

People's Party for Freedom and Democracy The People's Party for Freedom and Democracy ( nl, Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie ; VVD) is a conservative-liberal Andeweg, R. and G. Irwin ''Politics and Governance in the Netherlands'', Basingstoke (Palgrave) p.49 political party in ...

(VVD) which formed the Cabinet Drees–Van Schaik with Jokes appointed as Minister of Social Affairs, taking office on 7 August 1948. The Cabinet Drees–Van Schaik fell on 24 January 1951 and was replaced by the Cabinet Drees I with Joekes continuing as Minister of Social Affairs, taking office on 15 March 1951. On 15 September 1951 the

Ministry of Social Affairs A Ministry of Social Affairs or Department of Social Affairs is the common name for a government department found in states where the government is divided into ministries or departments. While there is some variation in the responsibilities of ...

was renamed as the

and Health. Following the election of 1952 Joekes returned as a Member of the House of Representatives on 23 July 1952. Per his request Joekes was not considered for ministerial post in the new cabinet. The Cabinet Drees I was replaced by the Cabinet Drees I on 2 September 1952. In October 1952 Joekes was nominated as a Member of the Council of State, serving from 1 November 1952 until 1 June 1960.

Decorations

References

External links

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Mr.dr. A.M. (Dolf) Joekes
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