''Discosia'' is a
genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...
of
plant pathogen
Plant pathology (also phytopathology) is the scientific study of diseases in plants caused by pathogens (infectious organisms) and environmental conditions (physiological factors). Organisms that cause infectious disease include fungi, oomyc ...
s in the family ''
Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by
Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the genus (Nag Raj 1993; Tanaka et al. 2011).
[ Later, when ''Sphaeria artocreas'' was transferred to the genus and combined under ''Discosia artocreas'' , the latter was chosen as lectotype of the genus (Fries 1849; Vanev 1991).
Vanev (1991, 1992a, b, c, d) made a detailed taxonomic revision of the genus. On the basis of the location of the conidial septa and appendages, he delimited six sections (Vanev 1991), and to clarify the status of the genus he designated its lectotype as ''Discosia artocreas'' (Vanev 1992a).
In 2015, Senanayake, Indunil C.; Maharachchikumbura, Sajeewa S. N. et al. (2015) moved the genus to its own family ''Discosiaceae'' .]saprobes
Saprotrophic nutrition or lysotrophic nutrition is a process of chemoheterotrophic extracellular digestion involved in the processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter. It occurs in saprotrophs, and is most often associated with fungi (f ...
(processing of decayed (dead or waste) organic matter) or parasites of vascular plants,[
]
Hosts
''Discosia rhododendricola'' sp.nov, ''Neopestalotiopsis rhododendricola
''Neopestalotiopsis'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family Sporocadaceae.
The genus was published by Maharachch., K.D. Hyde & Crous in Studies in Mycology vol.79 on page 135 in 2014.
The type species is ''Neopestalotiopsis protearum'' .
...
'' sp.nov and '' Diaporthe nobilis'' were new asexual fungal species found in 2022 on Rhododendron
''Rhododendron'' (; from Ancient Greek ''rhódon'' "rose" and ''déndron'' "tree") is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are nati ...
spp. in Kunming
Kunming (; ), also known as Yunnan-Fu, is the capital and largest city of Yunnan province, China. It is the political, economic, communications and cultural centre of the province as well as the seat of the provincial government. The headquar ...
, Yunnan Province
Yunnan , () is a landlocked province in the southwest of the People's Republic of China. The province spans approximately and has a population of 48.3 million (as of 2018). The capital of the province is Kunming. The province borders the C ...
in China.Rhododendron arboreum
''Rhododendron arboreum'', the tree rhododendron, is an evergreen shrub or small tree with a showy display of bright red flowers. It is found in Bhutan, China, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Pakistan and Thailand. It is the national flower of ...
'' and ''Rhododendron campulatum
''Rhododendron'' (; from Ancient Greek ''rhódon'' "rose" and ''déndron'' "tree") is a very large genus of about 1,024 species of woody plants in the heath family (Ericaceae). They can be either evergreen or deciduous. Most species are nativ ...
'') as leaf spots on dead and living leaves in Mexico, Europe, India and Japan. ''Discosia vagans'' was found on fallen leaves and dead stems on various rhododendron species in Italy and India.[
In Poland species of Discosia were found on 12 host plants including '']Anemone nemorosa
''Anemonoides nemorosa'' (syn. ''Anemone nemorosa''), the wood anemone, is an early-spring flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae, native to Europe. Other common names include windflower, European thimbleweed, and smell fox, an all ...
, ''Galium odoratum
''Galium odoratum'', the sweet woodruff or sweetscented bedstraw, is a flowering perennial plant in the family Rubiaceae, native to much of Europe from Spain and Ireland to Russia, as well as Western Siberia, Turkey, Iran, the Caucasus, China an ...
'' , ''Gymnocarpium dryopteris
''Gymnocarpium dryopteris'', the western oakfern, common oak fern , oak fern, or northern oak fern, is a deciduous fern of the family Cystopteridaceae. It is widespread across much of North America and Eurasia. It has been found in Canada, the ...
'' , ''Moehringia trinervia
''Moehringia trinervia'', commonly known as apetalous sandwort or three-nerved sandwort, is a herbaceous plant of the family Caryophyllaceae. A native of Eurasia, it has been introduced into North America.
Description
Three-nerved sandwort is ...
'' , ''Mycelis muralis
''Lactuca muralis'', the wall lettuce, is a perennial flowering plant in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae, also referred to as ''Mycelis muralis''.Parnell, J. and Curtis, T. 2012. ''Webb's An Irish Flora''. Cork University Press ...
'' , ''Oxalis acetosella
''Oxalis acetosella'', the wood sorrel or common wood sorrel, is a rhizomatous flowering plant in the family ''Oxalidaceae'', common in most of Europe and parts of Asia. The specific epithet ''acetosella'' refers to its sour taste. The common na ...
'' , '' Tilia cordata'' and '' Viola reichenbachiana'' [ ''Discosia artocreas'' has been found in America on '' Cercis canadensis'', '' Magnolia glauca'' and '' Aralia spinosa''.][M.C. Cooke (Editor) ] In Alabama
(We dare defend our rights)
, anthem = "Alabama (state song), Alabama"
, image_map = Alabama in United States.svg
, seat = Montgomery, Alabama, Montgomery
, LargestCity = Huntsville, Alabama, Huntsville
, LargestCounty = Baldwin County, Al ...
, USA species ''Discosia artocreas'' was found on ''Prunus serotina
''Prunus serotina'', commonly called black cherry,World Economic Plants: A Standard Reference, Second Edition'. CRC Press; 19 April 2016. . p. 833–. wild black cherry, rum cherry, or mountain black cherry, is a deciduous tree or shrub of the g ...
'' and '' Acer rubrum''.[
''Discosia italica'' and ''Discosia fagi'' were found on the dead leaves of '' Fagus sylvatica'' in Italy.]Cryptococcus neoformans
''Cryptococcus neoformans'' is an encapsulated yeast belonging to the class Tremellomycetes and an obligate aerobe that can live in both plants and animals. Its teleomorph is a filamentous fungus, formerly referred to ''Filobasidiella neoformans' ...
''.
Distribution
It has a wide scattered cosmopolitan distribution
In biogeography, cosmopolitan distribution is the term for the range of a taxon that extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. Such a taxon, usually a species, is said to exhibit cosmopolitanism or cosmopolitism. The ext ...
,[Charles Theodore Mohr ] Mexico,[David F. Farr, H. Bartolome Esteban and Mary E. Palm ] Europe, (including Italy
Italy ( it, Italia ), officially the Italian Republic, ) or the Republic of Italy, is a country in Southern Europe. It is located in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, and its territory largely coincides with the homonymous geographical re ...
,Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
,[) ]India
India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...
,[ ]Japan
Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of Japan, while extending from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north ...
,[ ]Thailand
Thailand ( ), historically known as Siam () and officially the Kingdom of Thailand, is a country in Southeast Asia, located at the centre of the Indochinese Peninsula, spanning , with a population of almost 70 million. The country is bo ...
,China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...
,[ and New Zealand.]
Species
As accepted by Species Fungorum;Discosia alboferruginea
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia aquatica
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia artocreas
''Discosia artocreas'' is an ascomycete fungus that is a plant pathogen.
In Iceland, it has been reported from the host species ''Alchemilla alpina'', ''Betula pubescens'', ''Geum rivale'', '' Salix herbacea'' and ''Thalictrum alpinum
''Tha ...
''
*''Discosia arxii
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia baarnensis
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia biciliata
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia bombycina
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia brasiliensis
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*'' Discosia caffra''
*'' Discosia castaneae''
*''Discosia ceanothi
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia celtidis
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia eucalypticola
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia fagi
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
'' Discosia himalayensis
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia hiptages
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*'' Discosia italica'' Discosia jambolanae
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia jordanovii
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia julia
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia lauricola
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*'' Discosia ludwigii''
*'' Discosia macrozamiae''
*''Discosia maculiformis
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia neofraxinea
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia nobilis
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*'' Discosia novae-zelandiae''
*''Discosia petrakii
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia pini
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia pleurochaeta
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia poikilomera
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia poonensis
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia pseudoartocreas
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia pseudoceanothi
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia pseudopleurochaeta
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia pyri
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*'' Discosia querci''
*''Discosia ravennica
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
'' Discosia rosae
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia rubi
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
'' Discosia strobilina
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*'' Discosia subramanianii''
*'' Discosia syzygii''
*''Discosia tamarindi
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia tenzingii
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia tillandsiae
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*''Discosia tricellularis
''Discosia'' is a genus of plant pathogens in the family '' Sporocadaceae''.
It was published by Marie-Anne Libert in 1837.
The genus was re-studied by Subramanian and Reddy (1974), who designated ''Discosia strobilina'' as lectotype for the g ...
''
*'' Discosia vagans''
*'' Discosia yakushimensis''
Former species;
* ''D. alnea'' = '' Asteroma alneum'', Gnomoniaceae
Gnomoniaceae is a family of fungi in the order Diaporthales. The family was circumscribed by German botanist Heinrich Georg Winter in 1886.
Genera
As accepted by GBIF:
* '' Alnecium'' (2)
* '' Ambarignomonia'' (2)
* '' Anisogramma'' (6)
* ...
* ''D. artocreas'' f. ''camphorae'' = ''Discosia artocreas'',
* ''D. artocreas'' var. ''aceris'' = ''Discosia artocreas)'',
* ''D. artocreas'' var. ''betulae'' = ''Discosia artocreas)'',
* ''D. artocreas'' var. ''brasiliensis'' = ''Discosia brasiliensis'',
* ''D. artocreas'' var. ''camphorae'' = ''Discosia artocreas'',
* ''D. artocreas'' var. ''carpini'' = ''Discosia artocreas'',
* ''D. artocreas'' var. ''coryli'' = ''Discosia artocreas'',
* ''D. artocreas'' var. ''fagi'' = ''Discosia artocreas'',
* ''D. artocreas'' var. ''juglandis'' = ''Discosia artocreas'',
* ''D. artocreas'' var. ''mespili'' = ''Discosia artocreas'',
* ''D. artocreas'' var. ''platani'' = ''Discosia artocreas'',
* ''D. artocreas'' var. ''populi'' = ''Discosia artocreas'',
* ''D. artocreas'' var. ''quercina'' = ''Discosia artocreas'',
* ''D. artocreas'' var. ''sibirica'' = ''Discosia artocreas'',
* ''D. artocreas'' var. ''tremulae'' = ''Discosia artocreas'',
* ''D. artocreas'' var. ''ulmi'' = ''Discosia artocreas'',
* ''D. clypeata'' = ''Anthostomella clypeata
''Anthostomella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariaceae.
The ascomata are simple and contain only a single perithecium.
Species
Species include:
* ''Anthostomella limitata
''Anthostomella'' is a genus of fungi in the family Xylariacea ...
'', Xylariaceae
The Xylariaceae are a family of mostly small ascomycetous fungi. It is one of the most commonly encountered groups of ascomycetes and is found throughout the temperate and tropical regions of the world. They are typically found on wood, seeds, f ...
* ''D. clypeata'' f. ''rosae'' = ''Anthostomella clypeata'', Xylariaceae
* ''D. cynosbati'' = '' Seimatosporium rosae'', Sporocadaceae
* ''D. eucalypti'' = '' Immersidiscosia eucalypti'', Amphisphaeriaceae
The ''Amphisphaeriaceae'' are a family of fungi that is mainly found in parts of New Zealand, South America, Asia and parts of Europe. According to the 2007 Outline of Ascomycota, there are 41 genera placed within the family, although the positio ...
* ''D. grammita'' = '' Seimatosporium grammitum'', Sporocadaceae
* ''D. ignobilis'' = '' Seimatosporium ignobilis'', Sporocadaceae
* ''D. impressa'' = ''Diplocarpon impressum
''Diplocarpon'' is a genus of fungi in the family Drepanopezizaceae. The genus contains 6 species.
Species
*''Diplocarpon earlianum''
*''Diplocarpon hymenaeae''
*'' Diplocarpon impressum''
*'' Diplocarpon mali''
*''Diplocarpon mespili''
*''Di ...
'', Drepanopezizaceae
* ''D. minima'' = ''Mycoleptodiscus minimus
''Mycoleptodiscus'' is a genus of fungus, fungi in the family Magnaporthaceae. These fungi are Endophyte, endophytic, meaning that they do not harm the host plant and are probably in a Mutualism (biology), mutualistic relationship with it.
Spec ...
'', Magnaporthaceae
The Magnaporthaceae are a family of fungi in the order Magnaporthales. It was circumscribed by Paul F. Cannon in 1994 for a group of grass-associated fungi centered on ''Magnaporthe'' (''Nakataea''). Magnaporthaceae have a harpophora-like asexual ...
* ''D. passerinii'' = '' Seimatosporium tostum'', Sporocadaceae
* ''D. punicae'' = ''Monochaetia punicae
''Monochaetia'' is a genus of fungi in the family Sporocadaceae. Species in the genus are typically plant parasites and saprobes, and cause leaf spot diseases on various hosts.
The genus ''Monochaetia'' was introduced by Allescher in 1902, it ...
'', Amphisphaeriaceae
References
{{Taxonbar, from=Q10474164
Amphisphaeriales
Taxa described in 1837