''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. Some ''Didemnum'' species, including ''

Didemnum vexillum ''Didemnum vexillum'' is a species of Colony (biology), colonial tunicate in the family (biology), family Didemnidae. It is commonly called sea vomit, marine vomit, pancake batter tunicate, or carpet sea squirt. It is thought to be native to J ...

'' and '' Didemnum perlucidem'' are considered

invasive species An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species ad ...

. In early 2006, ''Didemnum vexillum'' was found covering a 230 km² area of cobble habitat in Georges Bank off the coast of New England, and is classified as an invasive species of greatest concern in coastal areas throughout Europe, New Zealand, and North America. ''Didemnum'' sp. invasions have also been recorded in Canada, the Mediterranean, and the Netherlands. Species in this genus can be found in tropical or temperate regions. Some tropical species such as ''

Didemnum molle ''Didemnum molle'' is a species of colonial tunicate in the family Didemnidae. It is commonly known as the tall urn ascidian, the green barrel sea squirt or the green reef sea-squirt. It is native to the Red Sea and the tropical waters of the ...

'' have photosynthetic algae in their tunics.

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus ''Didemnum'': *'' Didemnum abradatum'' *''

Didemnum ahu ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum albidum'' *'' Didemnum albopunctatum'' *'' Didemnum algasedens'' *'' Didemnum amethysteum'' *'' Didemnum amourouxi'' *'' Didemnum apersum'' *''

Didemnum apuroto ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...

'' *'' Didemnum arancium'' *'' Didemnum aratore'' *''

Didemnum asterix ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *''

Didemnum astrum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...

'' *''

Didemnum augusti ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...

'' *''

Didemnum aurantiacum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...

'' *''

Didemnum aurantium ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...

'' *''

Didemnum aures ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...

'' *''

Didemnum bentarti ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...

'' *''

Didemnum beringense ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...

'' *''

Didemnum biglans ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...

'' *''

Didemnum biglutinum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...

'' *''

Didemnum bimasculum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...

'' *'' Didemnum bisectatum'' *'' Didemnum brevioris'' *'' Didemnum caesium'' *'' Didemnum calliginosum'' *'' Didemnum candidum'' *'' Didemnum captivum'' *'' Didemnum carnulentum'' *'' Didemnum carpenteri'' *'' Didemnum caudiculatum'' *'' Didemnum cerebrale'' *''

Didemnum chartaceum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family (biology), family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or ...

'' *''

Didemnum chilense ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *''

Didemnum cilicium ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum cineraceum'' *'' Didemnum clavum'' *'' Didemnum coccineum'' *'' Didemnum commune'' *'' Didemnum complexum'' *'' Didemnum conchyliatum'' *'' Didemnum congregatum'' *'' Didemnum contortum'' *'' Didemnum coralliforme'' *'' Didemnum coriaceum'' *''

Didemnum corium ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum crescente'' *'' Didemnum cuculliferum'' *'' Didemnum cygnuus'' *'' Didemnum dealbatum'' *'' Didemnum delectum'' *'' Didemnum densum'' *''

Didemnum dicolla ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family (biology), family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or ...

'' *'' Didemnum diffundum'' *'' Didemnum digestum'' *'' Didemnum diversum'' *'' Didemnum dolium'' *'' Didemnum domesticum'' *'' Didemnum drachi'' *''

Didemnum duplicatum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum ectensum'' *'' Didemnum edmondsoni'' *'' Didemnum edwardsi'' *''

Didemnum effusium ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum elikapekae'' *'' Didemnum elongatum'' *''

Didemnum epikelp ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum etiolum'' *'' Didemnum extensum'' *'' Didemnum fibriae'' *''

Didemnum filiforme ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum flagellatum'' *'' Didemnum flammacolor'' *'' Didemnum flavoviride'' *''

Didemnum fragile ''Didemnum fragile'' is a species of Tunicate, sea squirt in the family Didemnidae. Research ''Didemnum fragile'' is of medical interest as it contains shishijimicin molecules, which have been seen to have potent anti-tumor activity in HeLa ce ...

'' *'' Didemnum fragum'' *'' Didemnum fucatum'' *''

Didemnum fulgens ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum fuscum'' *'' Didemnum galacteum'' *'' Didemnum gayanae'' *'' Didemnum gemmiparum'' *'' Didemnum gigas'' *'' Didemnum gintonicum'' *'' Didemnum globiferum'' *'' Didemnum grande'' *'' Didemnum granulatum'' *'' Didemnum granulosum'' *'' Didemnum guttatum'' *'' Didemnum halimedae'' *'' Didemnum helgolandicum'' *'' Didemnum herba'' *'' Didemnum hiopaa'' *'' Didemnum immundum'' *'' Didemnum inaequilobatum'' *'' Didemnum inauratum'' *'' Didemnum incanum'' *'' Didemnum inveteratum'' *''

Didemnum japonicum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family (biology), family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or ...

'' *'' Didemnum jedanense'' *'' Didemnum jeffreysi'' *'' Didemnum jucundum'' *'' Didemnum karlae'' *'' Didemnum kelleri'' *'' Didemnum kurilense'' *''

Didemnum lacertosum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum lacustre'' *'' Didemnum lahillei'' *'' Didemnum lambertae'' *'' Didemnum lambitum'' *'' Didemnum leopardi'' *'' Didemnum leopardum'' *'' Didemnum levitas'' *'' Didemnum ligulum'' *'' Didemnum lillipution'' *'' Didemnum linatum'' *'' Didemnum linguiferum'' *'' Didemnum lissoclinum'' *'' Didemnum lithostrotum'' *'' Didemnum longigaster'' *'' Didemnum lutarium'' *'' Didemnum macrosiphonium'' *'' Didemnum macrospiculatum'' *'' Didemnum maculatum'' *'' Didemnum maculosum'' *'' Didemnum madagascariense'' *'' Didemnum madeleinae'' *'' Didemnum magnetae'' *'' Didemnum mantile'' *''

Didemnum megaductus ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum megasterix'' *'' Didemnum mekeald'' *''

Didemnum membranaceum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum mesembrinum'' *'' Didemnum microthoracicum'' *'' Didemnum millari'' *'' Didemnum minisculum'' *'' Didemnum minispirale'' *'' Didemnum misakiense'' *''

'' *'' Didemnum monile'' *'' Didemnum montosum'' *'' Didemnum moseleyi'' *'' Didemnum multiampullae'' *'' Didemnum multispirale'' *''

Didemnum mutabile ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum nambucciensis'' *'' Didemnum neglectum'' *'' Didemnum nekozita'' *'' Didemnum nigricans'' *''

Didemnum nigrum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family (biology), family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or ...

'' *'' Didemnum nivale'' *'' Didemnum nocturnum'' *'' Didemnum oblitum'' *'' Didemnum obscurum'' *'' Didemnum ossium'' *'' Didemnum paa'' *'' Didemnum pacificum'' *'' Didemnum papillatum'' *'' Didemnum parancium'' *'' Didemnum parau'' *'' Didemnum pardum'' *'' Didemnum partitum'' *'' Didemnum parvum'' *'' Didemnum patulum'' *'' Didemnum pecten'' *'' Didemnum pellucidum'' *'' Didemnum perlucidum'' *'' Didemnum perplexum'' *'' Didemnum perspicuum'' *'' Didemnum peyrefittense'' *'' Didemnum pica'' *'' Didemnum pitipiri'' *'' Didemnum plebeium'' *'' Didemnum poecilomorpha'' *'' Didemnum polare'' *'' Didemnum precocinum'' *'' Didemnum protectum'' *''

Didemnum psammatodes ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum pseudobiglans'' *'' Didemnum pseudofulgens'' *'' Didemnum pseudovexillum'' *'' Didemnum quincunciale'' *'' Didemnum recurvatum'' *'' Didemnum risirense'' *'' Didemnum roberti'' *'' Didemnum rochai'' *''

Didemnum rodriguesi ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family (biology), family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or ...

'' *''

Didemnum romssae ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum roseum'' *''

Didemnum rota ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *''

Didemnum rottnesti ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum rubeum'' *'' Didemnum sachalinense'' *'' Didemnum sanakiensis'' *'' Didemnum santaelenae'' *'' Didemnum scopi'' *'' Didemnum semifuscum'' *'' Didemnum siphonale'' *''

Didemnum sordidum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *''

Didemnum spadix ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum speciosum'' *'' Didemnum sphaericum'' *'' Didemnum spongioides'' *'' Didemnum spumante'' *'' Didemnum spumosum'' *'' Didemnum stercoratum'' *'' Didemnum stilense'' *'' Didemnum stragulum'' *'' Didemnum studeri'' *'' Didemnum subflavum'' *'' Didemnum subtile'' *'' Didemnum sucosum'' *'' Didemnum tabulatum'' *''

Didemnum tantulum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum tapetum'' *'' Didemnum tenue'' *'' Didemnum ternerratum'' *'' Didemnum tetrahedrum'' *'' Didemnum theca'' *'' Didemnum thomsoni'' *'' Didemnum tigrinoides'' *''

Didemnum toafene ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *''

Didemnum tonga ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies ...

'' *'' Didemnum torresii'' *'' Didemnum tortile'' *'' Didemnum translucidum'' *'' Didemnum transparentum'' *'' Didemnum trispirale'' *'' Didemnum tuberatum'' *'' Didemnum tumulatum'' *'' Didemnum usitatum'' *'' Didemnum uturoa'' *''

Didemnum vahatuio ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family (biology), family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or ...

'' *'' Didemnum valgum'' *'' Didemnum vanderhorsti'' *''

Didemnum velans ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family (biology), family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or ...

'' *'' Didemnum velum'' *'' Didemnum verdantum'' *'' Didemnum vermiforme'' *'' Didemnum vesica'' *'' Didemnum vesperi'' *''

'' *'' Didemnum via'' *'' Didemnum viride'' *'' Didemnum vulgare'' *'' Didemnum yolky''

References

* (USGS) National Geologic Studies of

Benthic The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. The name comes from ancient Greek, βένθος (bénthos), meaning "t ...

Habitats In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species habitat can be seen as the physical ...

, Northeastern United States has a Marine Nuisance Species page dedicated to this genus Enterogona Tunicate genera Taxa named by Marie Jules César Savigny {{tunicata-stub