Didemnum Beringense
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''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial
tunicate A tunicate is a marine invertebrate animal, a member of the subphylum Tunicata (). It is part of the Chordata, a phylum which includes all animals with dorsal nerve cords and notochords (including vertebrates). The subphylum was at one time ca ...
s in the
family Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
Didemnidae Didemnidae, or Didemnidæ, is a family of colonial tunicates in the order Enterogona. These marine animals are found in shallow water on the seabed. Members of this family have small zooids that form encrusting colonies. The body of each zooid i ...
. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. Some ''Didemnum'' species, including '' Didemnum vexillum'' and '' Didemnum perlucidem'' are considered
invasive species An invasive species otherwise known as an alien is an introduced organism that becomes overpopulated and harms its new environment. Although most introduced species are neutral or beneficial with respect to other species, invasive species ad ...
. In early 2006, ''Didemnum vexillum'' was found covering a 230 km2 area of cobble habitat in Georges Bank off the coast of New England, and is classified as an invasive species of greatest concern in coastal areas throughout Europe, New Zealand, and North America. ''Didemnum'' sp. invasions have also been recorded in Canada, the Mediterranean, and the Netherlands. Species in this genus can be found in tropical or temperate regions. Some tropical species such as '' Didemnum molle'' have photosynthetic algae in their tunics.


Species

The following species are recognised in the genus ''Didemnum'': *'' Didemnum abradatum'' *'' Didemnum ahu'' *'' Didemnum albidum'' *'' Didemnum albopunctatum'' *'' Didemnum algasedens'' *'' Didemnum amethysteum'' *'' Didemnum amourouxi'' *'' Didemnum apersum'' *''
Didemnum apuroto ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...
'' *'' Didemnum arancium'' *'' Didemnum aratore'' *'' Didemnum asterix'' *'' Didemnum astrum'' *'' Didemnum augusti'' *'' Didemnum aurantiacum'' *'' Didemnum aurantium'' *'' Didemnum aures'' *'' Didemnum bentarti'' *'' Didemnum beringense'' *''
Didemnum biglans ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...
'' *''
Didemnum biglutinum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...
'' *''
Didemnum bimasculum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...
'' *''
Didemnum bisectatum ''Didemnum'' is a genus of colonial tunicates in the family Didemnidae. It is the most speciose genus in the didemnid family. Species in this genus often have small calcareous spicules embedded in the tunic and form irregular or lobed colonies. S ...
'' *'' Didemnum brevioris'' *'' Didemnum caesium'' *'' Didemnum calliginosum'' *'' Didemnum candidum'' *'' Didemnum captivum'' *'' Didemnum carnulentum'' *'' Didemnum carpenteri'' *'' Didemnum caudiculatum'' *'' Didemnum cerebrale'' *'' Didemnum chartaceum'' *'' Didemnum chilense'' *'' Didemnum cilicium'' *'' Didemnum cineraceum'' *'' Didemnum clavum'' *'' Didemnum coccineum'' *'' Didemnum commune'' *'' Didemnum complexum'' *'' Didemnum conchyliatum'' *'' Didemnum congregatum'' *'' Didemnum contortum'' *'' Didemnum coralliforme'' *'' Didemnum coriaceum'' *'' Didemnum corium'' *'' Didemnum crescente'' *'' Didemnum cuculliferum'' *'' Didemnum cygnuus'' *'' Didemnum dealbatum'' *'' Didemnum delectum'' *'' Didemnum densum'' *'' Didemnum dicolla'' *'' Didemnum diffundum'' *'' Didemnum digestum'' *'' Didemnum diversum'' *'' Didemnum dolium'' *'' Didemnum domesticum'' *'' Didemnum drachi'' *'' Didemnum duplicatum'' *'' Didemnum ectensum'' *'' Didemnum edmondsoni'' *'' Didemnum edwardsi'' *'' Didemnum effusium'' *'' Didemnum elikapekae'' *'' Didemnum elongatum'' *'' Didemnum epikelp'' *'' Didemnum etiolum'' *'' Didemnum extensum'' *'' Didemnum fibriae'' *'' Didemnum filiforme'' *'' Didemnum flagellatum'' *'' Didemnum flammacolor'' *'' Didemnum flavoviride'' *'' Didemnum fragile'' *'' Didemnum fragum'' *'' Didemnum fucatum'' *'' Didemnum fulgens'' *'' Didemnum fuscum'' *'' Didemnum galacteum'' *'' Didemnum gayanae'' *'' Didemnum gemmiparum'' *'' Didemnum gigas'' *'' Didemnum gintonicum'' *'' Didemnum globiferum'' *'' Didemnum grande'' *'' Didemnum granulatum'' *'' Didemnum granulosum'' *'' Didemnum guttatum'' *'' Didemnum halimedae'' *'' Didemnum helgolandicum'' *'' Didemnum herba'' *'' Didemnum hiopaa'' *'' Didemnum immundum'' *'' Didemnum inaequilobatum'' *'' Didemnum inauratum'' *'' Didemnum incanum'' *'' Didemnum inveteratum'' *'' Didemnum japonicum'' *'' Didemnum jedanense'' *'' Didemnum jeffreysi'' *'' Didemnum jucundum'' *'' Didemnum karlae'' *'' Didemnum kelleri'' *'' Didemnum kurilense'' *'' Didemnum lacertosum'' *'' Didemnum lacustre'' *'' Didemnum lahillei'' *'' Didemnum lambertae'' *'' Didemnum lambitum'' *'' Didemnum leopardi'' *'' Didemnum leopardum'' *'' Didemnum levitas'' *'' Didemnum ligulum'' *'' Didemnum lillipution'' *'' Didemnum linatum'' *'' Didemnum linguiferum'' *'' Didemnum lissoclinum'' *'' Didemnum lithostrotum'' *'' Didemnum longigaster'' *'' Didemnum lutarium'' *'' Didemnum macrosiphonium'' *'' Didemnum macrospiculatum'' *'' Didemnum maculatum'' *'' Didemnum maculosum'' *'' Didemnum madagascariense'' *'' Didemnum madeleinae'' *'' Didemnum magnetae'' *'' Didemnum mantile'' *'' Didemnum megaductus'' *'' Didemnum megasterix'' *'' Didemnum mekeald'' *'' Didemnum membranaceum'' *'' Didemnum mesembrinum'' *'' Didemnum microthoracicum'' *'' Didemnum millari'' *'' Didemnum minisculum'' *'' Didemnum minispirale'' *'' Didemnum misakiense'' *'' Didemnum molle'' *'' Didemnum monile'' *'' Didemnum montosum'' *'' Didemnum moseleyi'' *'' Didemnum multiampullae'' *'' Didemnum multispirale'' *'' Didemnum mutabile'' *'' Didemnum nambucciensis'' *'' Didemnum neglectum'' *'' Didemnum nekozita'' *'' Didemnum nigricans'' *'' Didemnum nigrum'' *'' Didemnum nivale'' *'' Didemnum nocturnum'' *'' Didemnum oblitum'' *'' Didemnum obscurum'' *'' Didemnum ossium'' *'' Didemnum paa'' *'' Didemnum pacificum'' *'' Didemnum papillatum'' *'' Didemnum parancium'' *'' Didemnum parau'' *'' Didemnum pardum'' *'' Didemnum partitum'' *'' Didemnum parvum'' *'' Didemnum patulum'' *'' Didemnum pecten'' *'' Didemnum pellucidum'' *'' Didemnum perlucidum'' *'' Didemnum perplexum'' *'' Didemnum perspicuum'' *'' Didemnum peyrefittense'' *'' Didemnum pica'' *'' Didemnum pitipiri'' *'' Didemnum plebeium'' *'' Didemnum poecilomorpha'' *'' Didemnum polare'' *'' Didemnum precocinum'' *'' Didemnum protectum'' *'' Didemnum psammatodes'' *'' Didemnum pseudobiglans'' *'' Didemnum pseudofulgens'' *'' Didemnum pseudovexillum'' *'' Didemnum quincunciale'' *'' Didemnum recurvatum'' *'' Didemnum risirense'' *'' Didemnum roberti'' *'' Didemnum rochai'' *'' Didemnum rodriguesi'' *'' Didemnum romssae'' *'' Didemnum roseum'' *'' Didemnum rota'' *'' Didemnum rottnesti'' *'' Didemnum rubeum'' *'' Didemnum sachalinense'' *'' Didemnum sanakiensis'' *'' Didemnum santaelenae'' *'' Didemnum scopi'' *'' Didemnum semifuscum'' *'' Didemnum siphonale'' *'' Didemnum sordidum'' *'' Didemnum spadix'' *'' Didemnum speciosum'' *'' Didemnum sphaericum'' *'' Didemnum spongioides'' *'' Didemnum spumante'' *'' Didemnum spumosum'' *'' Didemnum stercoratum'' *'' Didemnum stilense'' *'' Didemnum stragulum'' *'' Didemnum studeri'' *'' Didemnum subflavum'' *'' Didemnum subtile'' *'' Didemnum sucosum'' *'' Didemnum tabulatum'' *'' Didemnum tantulum'' *'' Didemnum tapetum'' *'' Didemnum tenue'' *'' Didemnum ternerratum'' *'' Didemnum tetrahedrum'' *'' Didemnum theca'' *'' Didemnum thomsoni'' *'' Didemnum tigrinoides'' *'' Didemnum toafene'' *'' Didemnum tonga'' *'' Didemnum torresii'' *'' Didemnum tortile'' *'' Didemnum translucidum'' *'' Didemnum transparentum'' *'' Didemnum trispirale'' *'' Didemnum tuberatum'' *'' Didemnum tumulatum'' *'' Didemnum usitatum'' *'' Didemnum uturoa'' *'' Didemnum vahatuio'' *'' Didemnum valgum'' *'' Didemnum vanderhorsti'' *'' Didemnum velans'' *'' Didemnum velum'' *'' Didemnum verdantum'' *'' Didemnum vermiforme'' *'' Didemnum vesica'' *'' Didemnum vesperi'' *'' Didemnum vexillum'' *'' Didemnum via'' *'' Didemnum viride'' *'' Didemnum vulgare'' *'' Didemnum yolky''


References

* (USGS) National Geologic Studies of
Benthic The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean, lake, or stream, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers. The name comes from ancient Greek, βένθος (bénthos), meaning "t ...
Habitats In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species. A species habitat can be seen as the physical ...
, Northeastern United States has a Marine Nuisance Species page dedicated to this genus Enterogona Tunicate genera Taxa named by Marie Jules César Savigny {{tunicata-stub