Dani Wadada Nabudere

Dani Wadada Nabudere (15 December 1932 – 9 November 201

was an Ugandan academic, Pan-Africanist, lawyer, politician, author, political scientist, and development specialist. At the time of his passing, he was a professor at the Islamic University and executive director of the Marcus Garvey Pan-Afrikan Institute, Mbale, Uganda.

His political, intellectual and community work spanned over half a century of public activism. He was a speaker, mobilizer, and a prolific writer. Among his issues of engagement were food security, peace, knowledge heritages, Africa's contribution to humanizing the world, lifelong learning, cross-border solidarities, international political economy, Pan-Africanism, defense of the commons, cognitive justice, community sites of knowledge, restorative governance, economy, and justice.

Professor Nabudere was
Minister of Justice of Uganda in 1979 and Minister of Culture, Community Development, and Rehabilitation of Uganda in 1979–1980 in the UNLF Interim Government of Uganda. He was President of the African Association of Political Science from 1983 to 1985 and Vice-President of the International Political Science Association (IPSA) from 1985 to 1988. He was engaged in a collaborative arrangement with the University of South Africa in joint research projects under the umbrella theme of "Reclaiming the Future". ^{/sup> He was the founder and principal of the Marcus Garvey Pan-Afrikan Institute (MPAI), Mbale, Uganda. Over the last ten years of his life, Nabudere was working on setting up grassroots organizations to assist rural communities and raise their voices over issues that concern their lives. /sup>}

Biography

Early life

Dani Wadada Nabudere was born on 15December 1932, in Budadiri, Uganda, into a family of Bumayamba village, Buyobo.Parliamentary Debates (Hansard), Issue 6, Uganda. Parliament, Government Printer. Kampala, 2011. p.1916, Thursday, 10 November 2011.

https://www.parliament.go.ug/cmis/views/dea3dd9d-1a1e-41a5-82ab-e75033267734%253B1.0

Nabudere attended school in Bugisu and then graduated from Aggrey Memorial College, Bunamwaya. He became a postal clerk for several years, before applying to study law in the United Kingdom.Interview with Dani Nabudere: "Prison cut short Nabudere's honeymoon", "NEW SERIES: MY PRISON LIFE". The Observer (Uganda), 23 November 2006
Observer Website Archive
/ref>
In the early 1960s he traveled to England to study law, and received a Bachelor of Laws Degree in 1963, and was admitted as a Barrister at Law, at Lincoln's Inn, London.Wakholi, Peter. "Nabudere, Dani Wadada." In Dictionary of African Biography. : Oxford University Press, 2012. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001/acref-9780195382075-e-1485

In Ugandan Independence movement

Nabudere stepped onto the national political scene in the 1960s. As a student
in London in 1961, he was a member of the Executive Committee of the United Kingdom Uganda Students Association together with Yash Tandon,
Ateker Ejalu, Chango Machyo, and Edward Rugumayo, who were all later to play a significant role in the history of Uganda. UGASA was engaged in helping to raise the political consciousness of young Ugandans studying or working in the
UK and in Europe. One of the main activities of the organization was to lobby
British parliamentarians for Uganda's independence.http://www.newvision.co.ug/mobile/Detail.aspx?NewsID=629966&CatID=417

Activism under the Obote government

When he returned from the UK in 1964, he quickly began to fall out of favor with the Uganda People's Congress. The UPC was a radical nationalist party. Its then Secretary-General, John Kakonge, had broad communist leanings, and had a strong following among the youth wing of the party, among them, Nabudere. At the Gulu Conference of the party in 1964, the left wing was outmaneuvered by Milton Obote and the party mainstream leadership.
He was also, a Marxist socialist when the UPC government at the time was opposed to communism. In 1965 he was expelled from the party together with Kirunda Kivejinja, Jaberi Bidandi-Ssali, and Kintu Musoke. However, even after expulsion from the UPC, Nabudere remained an opponent of the Obote wing with
radical stances. Around the same time, Nabudere and Raiti Omongin had just formed the first Maoist Party in Uganda. During this period Nabudere had also played a critical role in the unification talks between Zanzibar and Tanganyika.

When Obote abolished political parties and declared a one-party state in 1969,
Nabudere fell victim to his continued party activism. Nabudere had earlier in
1963 formed a Mbale-based activists' group called the Uganda Vietnam Solidarity
Committee to campaign against American imperialism and aggression in Vietnam.

In September 1965, Nabudere was accused by a member of the Ugandan Parliament of organizing a "communist plot" to overthrow the government. In December 1969,
following an attempt on Obote's life at a UPC congress Nabudere (among others)
was arrested and placed in detention under the Emergency Laws. He was released
in late November 1970.

Under Idi Amin government

When Idi Amin took power in January 1971, a number
of Ugandans on the left decided to work with the Amin government, but
they were soon disillusioned, and beginning with Rugumayo a number of them
resigned from government in 1972. Nabudere was appointed by Idi Amin in 1971 as the East Africa Railways and Harbours chairman based in Nairobi, Kenya, but in 1974 protesting Amin's brutality he resigned and moved to Tanzania where he became one of the leaders of the anti-Amin resistance movement.

1970s: Dar Es Salaam Exile & ''The Debate''

As an academic, Nabudere was pivotal in at least three politically and pedagogically significant debates at the
University of Dar es Salaam in the late 1960s and the decade of the 1970s. These academic and popular debates were followed closely at the time, and were formative in an era of newly independent African states, where political leaders like Julius Nyerere, Kwame Nkrumah, or Sekou Touré, and academics like Nabudere, Mamdani, or Cheikh Anta Diop were all wrestling with advancing either particular forms of African Socialism, Marxism, Pan-African ideologies, or adapting western Development theory to African contexts.Tsomondo, M. S. (1975). From Pan-Africanism to Socialism: The Modernization of an African Liberation Ideology. Issue: A Journal of Opinion, 5(4), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.2307/1166523

The
first was about Tanzania, the direction it was going and how it might show the
way for the rest of Africa towards the ultimate goal of socialism. It was
mainly a debate among the Tanzanian radicals, sometimes joined in by others
from outside Tanzania such as Walter Rodney and Nabudere.Nursey-Bray, P. F. "Tanzania: The Development Debate." African Affairs 79, no. 314 (1980): 55–78. http://www.jstor.org/stable/721632.

The second was a debate mainly among the African members of the teaching staff of the University, in particular in the Faculty of Social Sciences, on how the prevailing pedagogy of their disciplines might be challenged and changed to reflect the African context and conditions.

The third was a debate among primarily the Ugandans on "the Hill" as Makerere University was called, and those living in exile in East Africa occasionally joined by others even outside East Africa.Yash Tandon. Talkback: Is govt finally giving in to policy reversal on liberalisation? Daily Monitor (Kampala, Uganda) 29 August 202
Daily Trust Website
/ref> It was partly inspired by Nabudere's book 'Imperialism and Revolution in Uganda' (1980) and its critique by Mahmood Mamdani, Harkishan Bhagat, and Karim Hirji. Later these discussions were reproduced as a book called 'The Dar es Salaam Debate on Class, State and Imperialism' (1982), which was edited by Yash Tandon, with a foreword by Mohammad Babu, the well-known Marxist revolutionary from Zanzibar.Tandon, Yash, ed. The Debate. University of Der es Salaam, Debate on Class, State, & Imperialism. With an Introduction by A.M. Babu. Tanzania Publishing House, 198
link
‘''The Debate''’ had intellectual, pedagogical and also political and strategic value for Uganda but also Africa and the third world. Omwony Ojwok. REVIEW OF THE DEBATE ON IMPERIALISM, STATE, CLASS AND THE NATIONAL QUESTION. University of Dar es Salaam, 1976-77
UMichigan Archive of UDS published original paper.
/ref> The
significance of this debate, latent when it was taking place, became clear in
the early months of 1979, as those same very issues took on a practical
political salience after Amin's invasion of Tanzania in December 1978. Tanzania repulsed the invasion but then President of Tanzania Julius Nyerere faced a dilemma. Should he proceed to
Kampala, with his army thus effectively becoming an "occupation force", or
should he try to forge a united Ugandan political front to take over the reins
of government? He opted for the latter. But to forge unity of contending forces
from Uganda proved a nightmar

The Gang of Four and the Ugandan National Liberation Front

In his recount of the period of the Uganda National Liberation Front (UNLF), the political organization around which Ugandan exiles united to topple Amin, Prof. Edward Rugumayo, who became chairman of UNLF's ruling council, says Nabudere played a central part in the formation of the liberation group. When the UNLF was established and a ruling body for it formed known as the National
Consultative Council (NCC), Nabudere was elected chairman of its political and
diplomatic committee. He became a key leader in the NCC, alongside Edward
Rugumayo, Yash Tandon, and Omwony Ojwok. They were collectively known as 'the Gang of Four',Mutibwa, Phares Mukasa. Uganda since independence: A story of unfulfilled hopes. Africa World Press, 1992. a reference to the Chinese Communist ruling faction called the Gang of Four of the Chinese Cultural Revolution

Under the UNLF interim government, Nabudere was twice appointed government minister: in 1979 he was Minister of Justice and from 1979–80, Minister of Culture, Community Development and Rehabilitation.

The first administration of the UNLF government under President Yusuf Lule lasted only six-eight days. In September 1979 he was ousted from power by a vote of no confidence moved in the transitional parliament, the NCC chaired by Edward Rugumayo, if democratically removed, and replaced by President Godfrey Binaisa. It was the Binaisa administration that was then removed from power by the Military Commission of the UNLF led by Paulo Muwanga and Yoweri Museveni, and probably backed by Tanzania.

The 1980s and post-NRM era

The 12 May 1980 army coup that overthrew Binaisa and placed Paulo Muwanga in power, Nabudere fled to exile, as did the other three members of the 'gang of four'.

In 1982 Nabudere moved to Helsingør in Denmark, teaching at a Folk High School. This was one of his most productive years as a scholar. He wrote the over 300-page manuscript called 'The Rise and Fall of Money Capital', which was published in 1990 under an organization called Africa in Transition, an organization founded by brothers Yash Tandon and Vikash Tandon. An analysis of money revising Marx, Engels, Hilferding, Rosa Luxemburg, and Keynes, all of whom came under Nabudere's critique. Nabudere carried out a historical analysis of the rise of money as money (as distinct from its evolution as capital), and made the prediction that money will eventually overcome capital
and then meet its own demise as an instrument of credit. This is what in fact
happened in the first decade of the 21st century, what came to be known in our
own times as "financialization of capital". Nabudere had already anticipated
this during his period of research and writing in Helsingør. Later, a summary of the book was published by Fahamu, titled, 'The Crash of International Finance-Capital and Its Implications for the Third World' (2009), to which Yash Tandon wrote a foreword.David Simon (2012) Remembering Dani Wadada Nabudere, Review of African Political Economy, 39:132, 343-344, DOI: 10.1080/03056244.2012.688646

Nabuderelived in exile until 1993 when President Museveni invited him back to the
country to be part of the Constituent Assembly (CA).

Upon Nabudere's return, he became a very outspoken critic of Museveni. Over the course of the CA, Nabudere many times led members of the Assembly on walkouts when they disagreed with the other CA members. He
also joined with Aggrey Awori to form the National Caucus for Democracy
(NCD), a CA-based pressure group

The MPAI and Afrikology

Nabudere founded the Marcus Garvey Pan-Afrikan Institute (MPAI) in Mbale, Uganda, the objective of which was to create a repository of knowledge on African science, philosophy, medicine and other indigenous African knowledge which he called "Afrikology".Osha, Sanya. Dani Nabudere's Afrikology: A Quest for African Holism. CODESRIA, 2018
full text
/ref> MPAI was later to evolve into a university, of which he was the first Chancellor-Designate.Nabudere, Dani W. "Towards the establishment of a Pan-African university: A strategic concept paper." African Journal of Political Science 8, no. 1 (2003): 1-30. https://pdfproc.lib.msu.edu/?file=/DMC/African+Journals/pdfs/political+science/volume8n1/ajps008001002.pdf

Death

After suffering from diabetes and high blood pressure, Nabudere passed away at his home in the early hours of 9 November 2011. He was survived by his wife and son among others.Prof. Nabudere is dead. The Daily Monitor (Kampala, Uganda). Wednesday November 09 2011
link
/ref>

Notable publications

Books

* The Political Economy of Imperialism, 1976, Tanzania Publishing House and Zed Press, London;
* Essays on the theory and practice of Imperialism, 1979, Onyx Press, London;
* Imperialism in East Africa, 1980, Zed Press, London (in two volumes);
* Imperialism and Revolution in Uganda, 1980, Onyx Press, London;
* The Crash of International Finance Capital and its implications for the Third World, SAPES Trust, 1989, Harare, Zimbabwe;
* Democracy and the One-Party State in Africa, Institut Für Afrika Kunde, Hamburg, Germany, 1989; Co-edited with P. Meynes;
* The Rise and Fall of Money Capital, 1990, Afrika in Trust, Harare/London;
* Uganda Referendum 2000: Winners and Losers, Monitor Publications, Kampala;
*Pan-Africanism and Integration in Africa, 2002, SAPES Publications, Harare, Zimbabwe, co-edited with Ibbo Mandaza;
* The Global Capitalist Crisis and the Way Forward for Africa, Kampala, 2009.
* The Crash of International Finance Capital and its implications for the Third World, Republished by Ufahamu, London, 2009.
*Afrikology, Philosophy, and Wholeness: An Epistemology, Africa Institute of South Africa, PRETORIA, February 2011.

Other Selected writings

Development theories, knowledge production and emancipatory practice
Chapter in 'The development decade? economic and social change in South Africa, 1994–2004', Vishnu Padayachee,
The Crash of International Finance-Capital and its Implications for the Third World

References

* Simon, D. (2012). "Remembering Dani Wadada NabudereDavid SimonDavid Simon." Retrieved August 2015, 2015, from http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83572.
* Ssemutooke, J. (2012). "Dani Nabudere, the constantly critical don." Retrieved August 2015, 2015, fro


* Tandon, Y. (2012). "Nabudere: An uncompromising revolutionary." Retrieved August 2015, 2015, from http://www.pambazuka.net/en/category.php/obituary/83570.
* Sserunjogi, E. M. (22 November 2011). "Professor Nabudere, Marxist father of Afrikanism dies." Retrieved August 2015, 2015, from https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035601/http://independent.co.ug/obituary/4-obituary/4914-prof-nabudere.

External links

*   International Journal of African Renaissance Studies. University of South Africa Press. pp. 6–34. 2 (1) 2007. ISSN: Print 1818-6874,

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nabudere, Dani Wadada
1932 births
2011 deaths
Islamic University in Uganda academics
20th-century Ugandan lawyers
Ugandan expatriates in the United Kingdom
Government ministers of Uganda
Ugandan socialists
Ugandan pan-Africanists
Ugandan Africanists
University of Dar es Salaam faculty
Makerere University academics
Ugandan expatriates in Tanzania
Ugandan expatriates in Denmark