CRRC Dalian Co., Ltd. (), often abbreviated as DLoco, is a company located in Dalian, Liaoning Province, China, producing railway locomotives, multiple units and

diesel engine The diesel engine, named after Rudolf Diesel, is an internal combustion engine in which ignition of the fuel is caused by the elevated temperature of the air in the cylinder due to mechanical compression; thus, the diesel engine is a so-ca ...

s. The factory was established in 1899 during the period of construction of the

Chinese Eastern Railway The Chinese Eastern Railway or CER (, russian: Китайско-Восточная железная дорога, or , ''Kitaysko-Vostochnaya Zheleznaya Doroga'' or ''KVZhD''), is the historical name for a railway system in Northeast China (als ...

, as the Shahekou works, and was under Japanese control from 1905, and later part of the Manchukuo state. After the end of the Second World War the railway was under joint Chinese and Russian control until the 1950s when the Chinese Eastern Railroad and the city of Dalian were transferred to sole Chinese control. The factory was state owned, and controlled by the

Ministry of Railways A Ministry of Railways is a Cabinet department that exists or has existed in many Commonwealth states as well as others. It generally occurs in countries where railroad transportation is a particularly important part of the national infrastructur ...

until 2001 when LORIC (China National Railway Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry Corporation) was split into two groups (as part of

CNR Group China Northern Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry (Group) Corporation commonly known as CNR Group was a Chinese locomotive and rolling stock manufacturer, and later holding company of China CNR. CNR Group merged with CSR Group in 2015 to form CRRC ...

); it then became one of the constituent companies of listed company

China CNR China CNR Corporation Limited (CNR) was a primary manufacturer of locomotives and rolling stock for the Chinese market. The company has also exported to over 80 countries and regions, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, France, Hong Kong, Ne ...

, and after June 1, 2015,

CRRC CRRC Corporation Limited (known as CRRC) is a Chinese state-owned and publicly traded rolling stock manufacturer. It is the world's largest rolling stock manufacturer in terms of revenue, eclipsing its major competitors of Alstom and Siemens. I ...

, an unification of two listed companies that derived from 2001 split.

History

1899–1952

Dalian and the South Manchurian branch of the Chinese Eastern Railway

The locomotive factory in Dalian was founded in 1899,Sources:

contemporary with the construction of the southern branch of the

during the lease of the

Liaodong Peninsula The Liaodong Peninsula (also Liaotung Peninsula, ) is a peninsula in southern Liaoning province in Northeast China, and makes up the southwestern coastal half of the Liaodong region. It is located between the mouths of the Daliao River ...

from China to the

Russian Empire The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...

,The lease and railway construction rights were obtained in the

Li–Lobanov Treaty The Li–Lobanov Treaty or the Sino-Russian Secret Treaty (; russian: Союзный договор между Российской империей и Китаем ) was a secret and unequal treaty signed on June 3, 1896 in Moscow by foreign mini ...

of 1896 and to the development of Dalian as a port and town. In 1905, the "Shahekou Plant" came under Japanese control as a result of the

Treaty of Portsmouth A treaty is a formal, legally binding written agreement between actors in international law. It is usually made by and between sovereign states, but can include international organizations, individuals, business entities, and other legal pers ...

, and in 1906 the railway from Dalian to Changchun became part of the Japanese controlled

South Manchurian Railway The South Manchuria Railway ( ja, 南満州鉄道, translit=Minamimanshū Tetsudō; ), officially , Mantetsu ( ja, 満鉄, translit=Mantetsu) or Mantie () for short, was a large of the Empire of Japan whose primary function was the operatio ...

. In 1934 the factory together with

Kawasaki Heavy Industries (or simply Kawasaki) is a Japanese public multinational corporation manufacturer of motorcycles, engines, heavy equipment, aerospace and defense equipment, rolling stock and ships, headquartered in Chūō, Kobe and Minato, Tokyo, Japan. It is ...

, manufactured the '' Asia Express'' high speed steam train for the South Manchuria Railway. In 1945 at the end of the

Second World War World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...

the city came under Soviet Russian control. The ''Changchun Railway'' was jointly operated by China and Russia until 1952, when control was passed entirely to the Chinese government. Soviet Russian occupation ended in 1955.

1952–2000

In 1956 the company manufactured the China Railways HP prototype 2-10-2 steam locomotive. and in 1957, the first

China Railways JS Is China Railway JS Ford Motor Co. Locomotive Roster With Is The JS for Freight and Passenger Trains with 2-8-2 operated by the China Railway. is one of the National Coal Board steam locomotives used by China Railways built mostly by British Railw ...

class 2-8-2 locomotive, of which 1916 were built at different plants. as well as other steam locomotives. Diesel locomotives were developed and produced at the plant, a prototype diesel electric type "JuLong" () was produced in 1958 based on the Russian ТЭ10 locomotive and

Fairbanks-Morse Fairbanks, Morse and Company was an American manufacturing company in the late 19th and early 20th century. Originally a weighing scale manufacturer, it later diversified into pumps, engines, windmills, coffee grinders, radios, farm tractors, fee ...

FM38D opposed piston engine, which led to the DF class diesel electric locomotives entered production in 1964. The change from steam to diesel production began in 1965, and in 1969, the first of the China Railways DF4 class of locomotives was produced. The DF4 series of locomotive type became the main mainline diesel locomotive type in China, and developments were produced in the following decades; including the DF4B in 1984, the DF4D in 1996. In the 1980s the company began a decade long research partnership with Ricardo plc into increasing the power output and efficiency of its DL240 diesel engine products. In 1997 it began working with Southwest Research Institute (USA) on the design of a new locomotive diesel engine. The company first exported a mainline diesel locomotive in 1993 (to

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John Wells explai ...

), by the middle of the first decade of the 21st century the company had exported over 200 diesel locomotives. By 2000 the company was producing half of the China's internal supply of diesel locomotives, and manufactured 80% of the countries diesel locomotive exports.

2000–present

Dalian locomotive works' parent company, state-owned China National Railway Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry Corporation (LORIC), was split into the northern and southern groups in 2002; the locomotive works part of China Northern Locomotive & Rolling Stock Industry (Group) Corporation along with other rail vehicle manufacturers in China. The locomotive works was also incorporated as a limited company in 2003, known as CNR Group Dalian Locomotive & Rolling Stock () or just CNR Dalian. In the first decade of the 21st century the plant began producing two new mainline locomotive product types; the

China Railways HXD3 The HXD3 () is an electric locomotive built in Mainland China by Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company, CNR Dalian Locomotives. The locomotive is designed for hauling 5,000t freight trains on main lines. It was jointly developed by CNR Dal ...

electric locomotives in association with

Toshiba , commonly known as Toshiba and stylized as TOSHIBA, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Its diversified products and services include power, industrial and social infrastructure systems, ...

, a joint venture with Toshiba () was formed in 2002 to manufacture electric equipment for

rolling stock The term rolling stock in the rail transport industry refers to railway vehicles, including both powered and unpowered vehicles: for example, locomotives, freight and passenger cars (or coaches), and non-revenue cars. Passenger vehicles can ...

. Also in the 2000s the diesel electric locomotives

China Railways HXN3 The China Railway HXN3 (EMD classification JT56ACe) is a 6000 horsepower (4.5 MW) diesel-electric locomotive designed by Electro-Motive Diesel in the United States for export to China. All JT56ACe locomotives use AC traction motor technology an ...

were produced at Dalian in association with

GM EMD Progress Rail Locomotives, doing business as Electro-Motive Diesel (EMD), is an American manufacturer of diesel-electric locomotives, locomotive products and diesel engines for the rail industry. The company is owned by Caterpillar through its su ...

. As part of the

initial public offering An initial public offering (IPO) or stock launch is a public offering in which shares of a company are sold to institutional investors and usually also to retail (individual) investors. An IPO is typically underwritten by one or more investme ...

, the stake of CRN Dalian was transferred to an intermediate holding company

in 2008. In 2009 the company obtained its first export order to supply locomotives to a western country, an order for 20

New Zealand DL class locomotive The New Zealand DL class of diesel-electric locomotives was manufactured for KiwiRail by CRRC Dalian with engines from MTU. They are the most powerful diesel-electric locomotives in service in New Zealand. In 2009, an order for 20 locomotives ...

s. In 2009 the groundbreaking ceremony took place for a new plant in the Lüshun economic development zone ( Lushunkou District); the new facility was developed in conjunction with the municipal council of Dalian city. The facility, on a site, is designed to have a production of around 1000 locomotives, 1000 rail vehicles and 1000 diesel engines per year. The plant officially opened in August 2011, the first vehicles on the production line were metro passenger units for Line 2, Tianjin Metro. One of the company's latest export orders came in January 2015 from the Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority for 15 metro trains for the

Lagos Rail Mass Transit Lagos Rail Mass Transit is a rapid transit system being developed and under construction in Lagos State. The rail system is being managed by the Lagos Metropolitan Area Transport Authority (LAMATA). The railway equipment including electric powe ...

system in Nigeria, with an option for 14 more. This order came about following a failed acquisition of old H-series carriages retired from the

Toronto Subway The Toronto subway is a rapid transit system serving Toronto and the neighbouring city of Vaughan in Ontario, Canada, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). It is a multimodal rail network consisting of three heavy-capacity rail ...

. In the same year an order was placed for 14 eight car trains for Line 1 of the

Kolkata Metro The Kolkata Metro is a rapid transit system serving the city of Kolkata in West Bengal, India. , it has two operational lines, a line from Dakshineswar to Kavi Subhash and a line from Salt Lake Sector V to Sealdah, for a total of . Four ...

Products and services

The company's primary products are railway rolling stock and related parts; it has a production capacity of ~600 locomotives and 300 metro rail vehicles per year. * CKD8

Sister companies and organizations

Sharing the same registered address in the Shahekou District, CRRC Dalian Dali Railway Transportation Equipment Co., Ltd. () was found in 2007. The company was not listed and remained in the unlisted portion of

CRRC Group CRRC Group Corporation, known as CRRC Group, is a Chinese state-owned holding company, direct parent company of CRRC and 32 other subsidiaries; if including second-tier subsidiaries, the holding company is the head of 112 legal entities (as in 201 ...

. Another company, "Daqi company" or "Dalian Qiqihar Railway Rolling Stock Railway Transportation Equipment Co., Ltd." () by

CRRC Qiqihar Railway Rolling Stock CRRC Corporation Limited (known as CRRC) is a Chinese state-owned and publicly traded rolling stock manufacturer. It is the world's largest rolling stock manufacturer in terms of revenue, eclipsing its major competitors of Alstom and Siemens. ...

in 2007. The company was based in Lüshun Economic Development Zone of

Lüshunkou District Lüshunkou District (also Lyushunkou District; ) is a district of Dalian, Liaoning province, China. Also formerly called Lüshun City () or literally Lüshun Port (), it was formerly known as both Port Arthur (russian: Порт-Артур, transli ...

. In 2016 it was renamed to . It was part of

(via CRRC Qiqihar Railway Rolling Stock), the listed portion of CRRC Group.

Research, development and education

In 1956, ''Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Manufacturing School'' was established nearby on Huanghe Road, which became the ''Dalian Railway Institute'' () in 1958, and in 2004

Dalian Jiaotong University Dalian Jiaotong University () is a university in Dalian, Liaoning, China. It is under the supervision of the provincial government and previously the Ministry of Railways. It has its main campus near downtown Dalian and a smaller campus in the Da ...

(). Also located in Dalian, () was founded in 1922 by

South Manchuria Railway Company The South Manchuria Railway ( ja, 南満州鉄道, translit=Minamimanshū Tetsudō; ), officially , Mantetsu ( ja, 満鉄, translit=Mantetsu) or Mantie () for short, was a large of the Empire of Japan whose primary function was the operatio ...

as a closely associated institute of the railway and the locomotive works; the organisation was incorporated as a company and as a subsidiary of

in 2007. In 2001, another research institute, (), was founded. It was incorporated as a company in 2013.

Gallery

File:CKD8G-0006 01.jpg, A CKD8

diesel-electric locomotive A diesel locomotive is a type of railway locomotive in which the prime mover is a diesel engine. Several types of diesel locomotives have been developed, differing mainly in the means by which mechanical power is conveyed to the driving wheels ...

operating in

Argentina Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...

for

Trenes Argentinos Operadora Ferroviaria Sociedad del Estado (abbreviated SOFSE; trading name: Trenes Argentinos Operaciones) is an Argentine state-owned company created in 2008 to operate passenger services in Argentina. It is a subsidiary of the Ferrocarriles Ar ...

. File:South Manchuria Pashina 973.jpg, Pashina-class locomotive for ''Asia Express''; trial run in year 1934. File:China Railways Class DF4B.jpg, A DF4B Diesel Locomotive, serial number 2319.

Notes

References

External links

* Dalian Locomotive factory (entrance) * {{DEFAULTSORT:Dalian Locomotive and Rolling Stock Rail transport in Liaoning CRRC Group Ministry of Railways of China Manufacturing companies based in Dalian Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1899 Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 2003 Chinese companies established in 2003 Chinese brands Diesel engine manufacturers Locomotive engine manufacturers Engine manufacturers of China Chinese companies established in 1899