Daeboreum
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Daeboreum (대보름; literally "Great Full Moon") is a
Korea Korea ( ko, 한국, or , ) is a peninsular region in East Asia. Since 1945, it has been divided at or near the 38th parallel, with North Korea (Democratic People's Republic of Korea) comprising its northern half and South Korea (Republic o ...
n holiday that celebrates the first
full moon The full moon is the lunar phase when the Moon appears fully illuminated from Earth's perspective. This occurs when Earth is located between the Sun and the Moon (when the ecliptic coordinate system, ecliptic longitudes of the Sun and Moon opp ...
of the new year of the lunar
Korean calendar The traditional Korean calendar or Dangun calendar () is a lunisolar calendar. Dates are calculated from Korea's meridian (135th meridian east in modern time for South Korea), and observances and festivals are based in Korean culture. Koreans m ...
which is the Korean version of the First Full Moon Festival. This holiday is accompanied by many traditions.


Origins

The record about the origin of Daeboreum is recorded in the book Samguk-yusa (in Korean: 삼국유사), where it says that a crow led the 21st King of
Silla Silla or Shilla (57 BCE – 935 CE) ( , Old Korean: Syera, Old Japanese: Siraki2) was a Korean kingdom located on the southern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula. Silla, along with Baekje and Goguryeo, formed the Three Kingdoms of K ...
, Soji to shoot the
geomungo The geomungo (also spelled ''komungo'' or ''kŏmun'go'') or ''hyeongeum'' (literally "black zither", also spelled ''hyongum'' or ''hyŏn'gŭm'') is a traditional Korean plucked zither with both bridges and frets. ''Geomungo'' is a representative ...
(a Korean instrument) case, which was actually where a monk and the royal concubine were committing adultery. After this happening, on the first day of the pig, rat and horse years, people had behaved prudently, and also the 15th of January was called 'Ohgiil' (in Korean: 오기일, in
Hanja Hanja (Hangul: ; Hanja: , ), alternatively known as Hancha, are Chinese characters () used in the writing of Korean. Hanja was used as early as the Gojoseon period, the first ever Korean kingdom. (, ) refers to Sino-Korean vocabulary, wh ...
:烏忌日) and offered sacrifice to heaven this day. Also the origins of Daeboreum can be recognized by some customs listed in books, such as Samguk-sagi (in Korean: 삼국사기) and Silla-bongi (in Korean: 신라본기, in
Hanja Hanja (Hangul: ; Hanja: , ), alternatively known as Hancha, are Chinese characters () used in the writing of Korean. Hanja was used as early as the Gojoseon period, the first ever Korean kingdom. (, ) refers to Sino-Korean vocabulary, wh ...
:新羅本記), describing of lantern lighting. The lantern lighting custom in Daeboreum was inherited constantly-
Annals of the Joseon Dynasty The ''Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty'' (also known as the ''Annals of the Joseon Dynasty'' or the ''True Record of the Joseon Dynasty''; ko, 조선왕조실록 and ) are the annual records of Joseon, the last royal house to rule ...
, the book of Taejong, 13th year has the record about the same custom clearly.


Traditions

*
Bureom In Korea, bureom () is a collection of various kinds of nuts such as peanuts, walnuts, pine nuts, chestnuts, and gingko nuts. It is popular and traditional to eat during the Daeboreum (literally: "Great Full Moon"), a Korean holiday that celebra ...
(Korean: 부럼깨기): People crack nuts with their teeth, believing that this will keep one's teeth healthy for the year. * Dalmaji (Korean: 달맞이): In the countryside, people climb mountains, braving cold weather, trying to catch the first rise of the moon. It is said that the first person to see the moon rise will have good luck all year or a wish will be granted. * Jwibulnori (Korean: 쥐불놀이): A traditional game that is played the night before Daeboreum. They burn the dry grass on ridges between rice fields while children whirl around cans full of holes, through which charcoal fire blaze. These cans fertilize the fields and get rid of harmful worms that destroy the new crops. * Gisaebae (Korean: 기새배): It is a ceremony that farmer's bands in each towns gather together and greet each other in pecking order. Also a competition is held between the bands. * Bangsaeng (Korean: 방생): On the night before Daeboreum, the ladies bought jellyfish and put them on the river and wished good luck for the year. * Stealing Bokto (Korean: 복토훔치기): People took some mud from the houses of the rich and covered it on their walls on the night before Daeboreum, wishing they would be wealthy, too. * Yongaltteugi (Korean: 용알뜨기): The night before Daeboreum, people wait until a rooster cries and then draw water from a well. It is believed that the one who fetched water first, there will have a good rice harvest that year. * Daribalgi (Korean: 다리밟기): It is told that people walked on the bridges all night long, believing that if the step on a bridge, their legs will be strong. It is believed they would be healthy during all twelve months if they step on twelve bridges. * Deowipalgi (Korean: 더위팔기): When Someone see a person in the morning, he or she hurries to call his or her name to say "Buy my heat". It is believed that one would escape the scorching heat that summer. * Gaeboreumsoegi (Korean: 개보름쇠기): People do not feed their dogs believing that dogs will crock up and be infested with flies if they are fed during the coming summer. * Mogitbul (Korean: 모깃불): At the dawn of Daeboreum, people put a straw fire on their yard to eliminate mosquitos and other insects.


Food

The traditional foods of Daeboreum have a lot of connections with superstition. * People drink cold 'Guibargi Wine' in the morning, believing one will only hear good news all year round and will hear better. * The nutcracking that is described in the book, has been widely spread not only in Korea but also in China and Japan, and it is being performed on New Year's Day, too. * There is also a custom of eating ''
ogokbap ''Ogok-bap'' * () or five-grain rice is a ''bap'' made of glutinous rice mixed with proso millet, sorghum, black beans, and red beans. It is one of the most representative dishes of ''Daeboreum'', the first full moon of the year in the Kore ...
'' (오곡밥 or ''chalbap'', 찰밥) and ''
yakbap ''Yaksik'' or ''yakbap'' (literally "medicinal food" or "medicinal rice") is a sweet Korean dish made by steaming glutinous rice, and mixing with chestnuts, jujubes, and pine nuts. It is seasoned with honey or brown sugar, sesame oil, soy sauce, ...
'' (약밥) around Daeboreum. Yakbap is made by steaming glutinous rice and mixing jujube, chestnut, pine nuts, oil, honey, and soy sauce together. In South
Jeolla Province Jeolla Province (, ) was one of the historical Eight Provinces of Korea during the Kingdom of Joseon in today Southwestern Korea. It consisted of the modern South Korean provinces of North Jeolla, South Jeolla and Gwangju Metropolitan City as wel ...
(전라남도), people steamed it with a '
siru ''Siru'' () is an earthenware steamer used to steam grain or grain flour dishes such as ''tteok'' (rice cakes). Gallery Si-lu (side2).jpg, A Bronze Age ''siru'' See also * List of cooking vessels * Bamboo steamer * ''Siru-tteok Si ...
' (시루) steamer and gave it to the castellan, so it is called 'castellan rice' or 'siru rice'. * People eat a lot of dinner early on the 14th and early on the morning of the 15th, which means to be diligent throughout the year. Also it is said that it is better to eat the food of the neighbors. This is called hometown rice (세성받이밥). If you make dinner late, you may lose a dinner to the invited neighbors, so people made an early dinner and invite the neighbors from 2 pm. Also in <
Dongguksesigi Dongguksesigi (동국세시기,東國歲時記) is a book explaining the traditional customs of the year in Korea, written during the Joseon Dynasty Joseon (; ; Middle Korean: 됴ᇢ〯션〮 Dyǒw syéon or 됴ᇢ〯션〯 Dyǒw syěon), offi ...
(in Korean: 동국세시기)>, it is described about a similar tradition of 'Baekgaban' in
Jeollanam-do South Jeolla Province (; ''Jeollanam-do''; ), also known as Jeonnam, is a province of South Korea. South Jeolla has a population of 1,902,324 (2014) and has a geographic area of located in the Honam region at the southwestern tip of the Korean ...
– children go to get rice in the morning from the neighbors in Daeboreum.
Gyeongnam South Gyeongsang Province ( ko, 경상남도, translit=Gyeongsangnam-do, ) is a province in the southeast of South Korea. The provincial capital is at Changwon. It is adjacent to the major metropolitan center and port of Busan. The UNESCO Worl ...
has the same tradition. They believe it is good for their health. * There is a tradition of eating a selection of certain seasoned vegetables referred to as ''boreum
namul Namul ( ko, 나물) refers to either a variety of edible grass or leaves or seasoned herbal dishes made of them. Wild greens are called ''san-namul'' (, "mountain namul"), and spring vegetables are called ''bom-namul'' (, "spring namul"). On t ...
'' (보름 나물, or ''mugeun namul'' 묵은 나물) as well as ''bokssam'' (복쌈): Dishes made from dried vegetables, left over from the previous year (e.g. pumpkin leaves, radish greens, eggplant, mushrooms, ferns) are believed to enable one to cope with the heat in the next summer, when eaten on Daeboreum. Eating ''bokssam'', which is rice wrapped in leafy vegetables, is supposed to bring luck (''bok'', 복, 福). * In
Jeollanam-do South Jeolla Province (; ''Jeollanam-do''; ), also known as Jeonnam, is a province of South Korea. South Jeolla has a population of 1,902,324 (2014) and has a geographic area of located in the Honam region at the southwestern tip of the Korean ...
, the barley rice is put into a bowl with herbs and placed on a straw or a wall to give to the crow. There is a similar report in
Jeonbuk North Jeolla Province (; ''Jeollabuk-do''), also known as Jeonbuk, is a province of South Korea. North Jeolla has a population of 1,869,711 (2015) and has a geographic area of 8,067 km2 (3,115 sq mi) located in the Honam region in the southwest ...
and Chungbuk. The crow is now an ominous bird, but in the past, it was a sacred bird, also a symbol of the sun. 'crow's sacrifice' and 'crow's rice' are described in
Samguk Yusa ''Samguk yusa'' () or ''Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms'' is a collection of legends, folktales and historical accounts relating to the Three Kingdoms of Korea (Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla), as well as to other periods and states before, duri ...
.


Gallery

Image:Korea-Daeboreumnal-Full Moon Festival-03.jpg Image:Korea-Daeboreumnal-Full Moon Festival-09.jpg Image:Korea-Daeboreumnal-Full Moon Festival-23.jpg Image:Korea-Daeboreumnal-Full Moon Festival-12.jpg


See also

* First Full Moon Festival **
Lantern Festival The Lantern Festival ( zh, t=元宵節, s=元宵节, first=t, hp=Yuánxiāo jié), also called Shangyuan Festival ( zh, t=上元節, s=上元节, first=t, hp=Shàngyuán jié), is a Chinese traditional festival celebrated on the fifteenth d ...
, in China **
Koshōgatsu The is an annual festival with its own customs. Since 1873, the official Japanese New Year has been celebrated according to the Gregorian calendar, on January 1 of each year, . However, some traditional events of the Japanese New Year are par ...
, in Japan *
Chotrul Duchen Chötrul Düchen, also known as Chonga Choepa or the Butter Lamp Festival, is one of the four Buddhist festivals commemorating four events in the life of the Buddha, according to Tibetan traditions. Chötrul Düchen closely follows Losar, the ...
, a festival celebrated in Tibet as an Uposatha day and falls on or around the same day as Daeboreum *
Magha Puja Magha (māgha, माघ or maghā, मघा) may refer to: * Magha (month) (māgha, माघ), a month in the Hindu calendar * Magh (Bengali calendar), the same month in the Bengali calendar * Magha (poet) (māgha, माघ), an 8th-century San ...
, a festival celebrated in Thailand, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Cambodia and Laos on or around the same day as Daeboreum *
Public holidays in North Korea This is a list of public holidays in North Korea. See also the Korean calendar for a list of traditional holidays. , the North Korean calendar has 71 official public holidays, including Sundays. In the past, North Koreans relied on rations provide ...
*
Public holidays in South Korea Public holidays in South Korea each belong to one or more of three categories: *National day () *National flag raising day () *Public holiday () Each category has a different legal basis. All national days are also flag raising days. List of p ...


References


External links


First full moon festivals attract sightseers nationwide
{Dead link, date=November 2019 , bot=InternetArchiveBot , fix-attempted=yes at Ministry of Culture and Tourism of South Korea
2008 Jeongwol Daeboreum Fire Festival
at Korea Tourism Organization Buddhist holidays Cultural festivals in South Korea Folk festivals in South Korea Food and drink festivals in South Korea January observances February observances March observances Observances held on the full moon Observances set by the Korean calendar Public holidays in Korea Winter events in South Korea