David George Hogarth (23 May 1862 – 6 November 1927), also known as D. G. Hogarth, was a British
archaeologist and scholar associated with
T. E. Lawrence
Thomas Edward Lawrence (16 August 1888 – 19 May 1935) was a British archaeologist, army officer, diplomat, and writer who became renowned for his role in the Arab Revolt (1916–1918) and the Sinai and Palestine Campaign (1915–1918 ...
and
Arthur Evans
Sir Arthur John Evans (8 July 1851 – 11 July 1941) was a British archaeologist and pioneer in the study of Aegean civilization in the Bronze Age. He is most famous for unearthing the palace of Knossos on the Greek island of Crete. Based on ...
. He was Keeper of the
Ashmolean Museum, Oxford from 1909 to 1927.
Hogarth was commissioned into the
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve during the First World War, and served with the
Naval Intelligence Division. During 1916, he was the acting director of the
Arab Bureau
The Arab Bureau was a section of the Cairo Intelligence Department established in 1916 during the First World War, and closed in 1920, whose purpose was the collection and dissemination of propaganda and intelligence about the Arab regions of ...
, and was later responsible for delivering the
Hogarth message.
Early life and education
D. G. Hogarth was the son of Reverend George Hogarth,
Vicar
A vicar (; Latin: '' vicarius'') is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior (compare "vicarious" in the sense of "at second hand"). Linguistically, ''vicar'' is cognate with the English pre ...
of
Barton-upon-Humber
Barton-upon-Humber () or Barton is a town and civil parish in North Lincolnshire, England. The population at the 2011 census was 11,066. It is situated on the south bank of the Humber Estuary at the southern end of the Humber Bridge. It is ...
, and Jane Elizabeth (Uppleby) Hogarth. He had a sister three years younger,
Janet E. Courtney, an author and feminist. In one of his autobiographical works, Hogarth claimed to be an antiquary who was made so, rather than born to it. He said, "nothing disposed me to my trade in early years." Those years included a secondary education, 1876–1880, at
Winchester College
Winchester College is a public school (fee-charging independent day and boarding school) in Winchester, Hampshire, England. It was founded by William of Wykeham in 1382 and has existed in its present location ever since. It is the oldest of ...
, which claims to be, and was labelled by Hogarth as, "our oldest
Public School."
In October 1881, Hogarth
matriculated
Matriculation is the formal process of entering a university, or of becoming eligible to enter by fulfilling certain academic requirements such as a matriculation examination.
Australia
In Australia, the term "matriculation" is seldom used now. ...
into
Magdalen College, Oxford to study ''
Literae Humaniores''.
He achieved
first class honours
The British undergraduate degree classification system is a grading structure for undergraduate degrees or bachelor's degrees and integrated master's degrees in the United Kingdom. The system has been applied (sometimes with significant variati ...
in both Mods (1882) and Greats (1885).
He graduated with a
Bachelor of Arts
Bachelor of arts (BA or AB; from the Latin ', ', or ') is a bachelor's degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts, or, in some cases, other disciplines. A Bachelor of Arts degree course is generally completed in three or four year ...
(BA) degree in 1885:
as per tradition, his BA was promoted to a
Master of Arts
A Master of Arts ( la, Magister Artium or ''Artium Magister''; abbreviated MA, M.A., AM, or A.M.) is the holder of a master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is usually contrasted with that of Master of Science. Th ...
(MA Oxon) degree.
Career
In 1886, Hogarth was elected a
Fellow
A fellow is a concept whose exact meaning depends on context.
In learned or professional societies, it refers to a privileged member who is specially elected in recognition of their work and achievements.
Within the context of higher education ...
of
Magdalen College, Oxford.
Between 1887 and 1907, he travelled to
excavations
In archaeology, excavation is the exposure, processing and recording of archaeological remains. An excavation site or "dig" is the area being studied. These locations range from one to several areas at a time during a project and can be condu ...
in
Cyprus
Cyprus ; tr, Kıbrıs (), officially the Republic of Cyprus,, , lit: Republic of Cyprus is an island country located south of the Anatolian Peninsula in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its continental position is disputed; while it is ge ...
,
Crete
Crete ( el, Κρήτη, translit=, Modern: , Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, ...
,
Egypt
Egypt ( ar, مصر , ), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Medit ...
,
Syria,
Melos, and
Ephesus (the
Temple of Artemis
The Temple of Artemis or Artemision ( gr, Ἀρτεμίσιον; tr, Artemis Tapınağı), also known as the Temple of Diana, was a Greek temple dedicated to an ancient, local form of the goddess Artemis (identified with Diana, a Roman go ...
). On the island of Crete, he excavated
Zakros Zakros ( el, Ζάκρος; Linear B: zakoro) is a site on the eastern coast of the island of Crete, Greece, containing ruins from the Minoan civilization. The site is often known to archaeologists as Zakro or Kato Zakro. It is believed to have be ...
and
Psychro Cave
Psychro Cave ( el, Σπήλαιο Ψυχρού) is an ancient Minoan sacred cave in Lasithi plateau in the Lasithi district of eastern Crete. Psychro is associated with the Diktaean Cave ( el, link=no, Δικταῖον Ἄντρον; ''Diktaio ...
. Hogarth was named director of the
British School at Athens in 1897 and occupied the position until 1900. He was the keeper of the
Ashmolean Museum in
Oxford
Oxford () is a city in England. It is the county town and only city of Oxfordshire. In 2020, its population was estimated at 151,584. It is north-west of London, south-east of Birmingham and north-east of Bristol. The city is home to the ...
from 1909 until his death in 1927.
In 1915, during the First World War, Hogarth was commissioned with the temporary rank of
lieutenant commander
Lieutenant commander (also hyphenated lieutenant-commander and abbreviated Lt Cdr, LtCdr. or LCDR) is a commissioned officer rank in many navies. The rank is superior to a lieutenant and subordinate to a commander. The corresponding ran ...
in the
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve and joined the Geographical Section of the
Naval Intelligence Division. Professor Hogarth was appointed the acting director of the
Arab Bureau
The Arab Bureau was a section of the Cairo Intelligence Department established in 1916 during the First World War, and closed in 1920, whose purpose was the collection and dissemination of propaganda and intelligence about the Arab regions of ...
, for a time during 1916 when
Sir Mark Sykes went back to London.
Kinahan Cornwallis was his deputy. Hogarth was close with T. E. Lawrence and worked with Lawrence to plan the
Arab Revolt
The Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية, ) or the Great Arab Revolt ( ar, الثورة العربية الكبرى, ) was a military uprising of Arab forces against the Ottoman Empire in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I. On ...
.
Sykes befriended Hogarth, who had described India Government as believing they had a moral imperative to the British Raj as the best form of government and could not fail in their duty to impose it on a Province of Mesopotamia. The Arabists rejected this proposal vehemently; Sykes taking Hogarth's research as evidence of the uniquely different situation in the protectorate. The archaeologists knew it was clear that the Raj had no understanding of the different conditions, that there needed to be a specific "Arab Policy" for what had become a frontier of empire.
Hogarth returned to Oxford and the Ashmolean Museum in June 1919.
From 1925 to 1927 he was
President of the Royal Geographical Society
The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers), often shortened to RGS, is a learned society and professional body for geography based in the United Kingdom. Founded in 1830 for the advancement of geographical scien ...
.
Personal life
On 7 November 1894, Hogarth married Laura Violet Uppleby, daughter of
George Charles Uppleby. His wife and mother shared a common great great grandfather, one John Uppleby of Wootton, Lincolnshire. Laura Violet was 26 at the time; David George, 32. They had one son, William David Hogarth (1901–1965). A granddaughter,
Caroline Barron
Caroline Mary Barron (''née'' Hogarth; born 1940) is a British retired medieval historian. She is professor emerita in the department of history at Royal Holloway, University of London. Barron's research relates to "late medieval British hist ...
, is a historian of later medieval England.
In 1926, Hogarth's health began rapidly deteriorating due to a heart condition, and he was granted leave from Oxford in October 1927. He died on 6 November 1927 at his home in Oxford (
20 St Giles' Street). He was aged 65.
Honours
In 1896, Hogarth was elected a
Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society
The asterisk ( ), from Late Latin , from Ancient Greek , ''asteriskos'', "little star", is a typographical symbol. It is so called because it resembles a conventional image of a heraldic star.
Computer scientists and mathematicians often voc ...
(FRGS).
In 1905, he was elected a
Fellow of the British Academy (FBA), the United Kingdom's
national academy
A national academy is an organizational body, usually operating with State (polity), state financial support and approval, that co-ordinates scholarly research activities and standards for academic disciplines, most frequently in the sciences but ...
for the humanities and social sciences.
In 1917, he was made a
Commander of the Order of the Nile by the Sultan of Egypt,
and awarded the
Founder's Medal of the
Royal Geographical Society.
In the
1918 New Year Honours
The 1918 New Year Honours were appointments by King George V to various orders and honours to reward and highlight good works by citizens of the British Empire. The appointments were published in ''The London Gazette'' and ''The Times'' in Ja ...
, he was appointed a
Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for his efforts during the First World War. In 1919, he was awarded the
Order of Nahda (Hejaz) 2nd class by Hussein bin Ali, Sharif of Mecca.
See also
*
Gertrude Bell
Gertrude Margaret Lowthian Bell, CBE (14 July 1868 – 12 July 1926) was an English writer, traveller, political officer, administrator, and archaeologist. She spent much of her life exploring and mapping the Middle East, and became highl ...
*
Mr. Dryden
Bibliography
By Hogarth
* Hogarth, D. G.; James, M. R.; Smith, R. Elsey; Gardner, E. A. (1888)
'Excavations in Cyprus, 1887-88. Paphos, Leontari, Amargetti. ''The Journal of Hellenic Studies''. 9: 147–271.
doi:10.2307/623675.
ISSN
An International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication, such as a magazine. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title. ISSNs ...
0075-4269.
*
*
*
* Grenfell, Bernard Pyne, Hunt, Arthur Surridge, and Hogarth, David George (1900)
''Fayûm Towns and Their Papyri'' London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner/Quaritch/Frowde.
*
*
* ''The Archaic Artemisia of Ephesus'' (1908)
*
*
''The Ancient East''(1914)
*
*
* ''Arabia'' (1922) (also as ''A History of Arabia'')
* ''Kings of the Hittites'' (1926) (
Schweich Lectures
Schweich is a town in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is situated on the river Moselle, approx. northeast of Trier.
Schweich is the seat of the ''Verbandsgemeinde'' ("collective municipality") Schweich an der ...
for 1924)
* ''The Life of Charles M. Doughty'' (1928)
With Hogarth as editor
* ''Authority and Archaeology – Sacred and Profane – Essays on the relation of monuments to Biblical and Classical Literature'' (1899 2nd Edition)
References
Bibliography
*
*
*
*
*
External links
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hogarth, David George
1862 births
1927 deaths
People from Barton-upon-Humber
People educated at Winchester College
English archaeologists
English curators
Academics of the University of Oxford
Victorian writers
19th-century English writers
20th-century English writers
19th-century archaeologists
20th-century archaeologists
Directors of the British School at Athens
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War I
Fellows of the British Academy
Fellows of Magdalen College, Oxford
Alumni of Magdalen College, Oxford
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Presidents of the Royal Geographical Society
People associated with the Ashmolean Museum
Arab Bureau officers