Czech Baroque architecture refers to the
architectural period of the 17th and 18th century in
Bohemia
Bohemia ( ; cs, Čechy ; ; hsb, Čěska; szl, Czechy) is the westernmost and largest historical region of the Czech Republic. Bohemia can also refer to a wider area consisting of the historical Lands of the Bohemian Crown ruled by the Bohem ...
,
Moravia
Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
The ...
and
Czech Silesia
Czech Silesia (, also , ; cs, České Slezsko; szl, Czeski Ślōnsk; sli, Tschechisch-Schläsing; german: Tschechisch-Schlesien; pl, Śląsk Czeski) is the part of the historical region of Silesia now in the Czech Republic. Czech Silesia is, ...
, which comprised the
Crown of Bohemia
The Lands of the Bohemian Crown were a number of incorporated states in Central Europe during the medieval and early modern periods connected by feudal relations under the Bohemian kings. The crown lands primarily consisted of the Kingdom of Bo ...
and today constitute the
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
.
The
Baroque
The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including ...
style also changed the character of the Czech countryside (churches and chapels in Czech countryside are mostly Baroque). Czech Baroque architecture is considered to be a unique part of the European cultural heritage thanks to its extensiveness and extraordinariness. In the first third of the 18th century the
Czech lands
The Czech lands or the Bohemian lands ( cs, České země ) are the three historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia. Together the three have formed the Czech part of Czechoslovakia since 1918, the Czech Socialist Republic sin ...
(especially Bohemia) were one of the leading artistic centers of the Baroque style. In Bohemia there was completed in a very original way the development of the Radical Baroque style created in Italy by
Francesco Borromini
Francesco Borromini (, ), byname of Francesco Castelli (; 25 September 1599 – 2 August 1667), was an Italian architect born in the modern Swiss canton of Ticino and
Guarino Guarini
Camillo Guarino Guarini (17 January 1624 – 6 March 1683) was an Italian architect of the Piedmontese Baroque, active in Turin as well as Sicily, France, and Portugal. He was a Theatine priest, mathematician, and writer..
Biography
Guarini w ...
. The leading architects of the Czech High Baroque style (also called Radical Baroque of Bohemia) were
Christoph Dientzenhofer,
Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer
Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer ( cs, Kilián Ignác Dientzenhofer) (1 September 1689, Prague – 18 December 1751) was a Bohemian architect of the Baroque era. He was the fifth son of the German architect Christoph Dientzenhofer and the Bohemian-German ...
and
Jan Blažej Santini-Aichel.
The spread of the
Baroque
The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires including ...
style in the Crown of Bohemia was coupled with the victory of the
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the List of Christian denominations by number of members, largest Christian church, with 1.3 billion baptized Catholics Catholic Church by country, worldwide . It is am ...
during the
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of batt ...
when the Catholic Church became the only legal church in the
Kingdom of Bohemia
The Kingdom of Bohemia ( cs, České království),; la, link=no, Regnum Bohemiae sometimes in English literature referred to as the Czech Kingdom, was a medieval and early modern monarchy in Central Europe, the predecessor of the modern Czec ...
(from 1627) and
Margraviate of Moravia
The Margraviate of Moravia ( cs, Markrabství moravské; german: Markgrafschaft Mähren) was one of the Lands of the Bohemian Crown within the Holy Roman Empire existing from 1182 to 1918. It was officially administrated by a margrave in cooperat ...
(from 1628). The heyday of
Baroque style
The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until the 1750s. In the territories of the Spanish and Portuguese empires includin ...
in the
Czech lands
The Czech lands or the Bohemian lands ( cs, České země ) are the three historical regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Czech Silesia. Together the three have formed the Czech part of Czechoslovakia since 1918, the Czech Socialist Republic sin ...
can be seen in the early 18th century.
Many of the Baroque architects who worked, lived and often also died in the Czech lands came from different countries or were of foreign origin, mainly
Italian, some came also from
Bavaria
Bavaria ( ; ), officially the Free State of Bavaria (german: Freistaat Bayern, link=no ), is a state in the south-east of Germany. With an area of , Bavaria is the largest German state by land area, comprising roughly a fifth of the total l ...
,
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
or
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
.
From Late Renaissance and Mannerism to Early Baroque
The Baroque style penetrated Bohemia in the first half of the 17th century.
Prague
Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ...
was one of the main centers of
Mannerist art (a late Renaissance style, foreseeing early Baroque) under
Rudolph II
Rudolf II (18 July 1552 – 20 January 1612) was Holy Roman Emperor (1576–1612), King of Hungary and Croatia (as Rudolf I, 1572–1608), King of Bohemia (1575–1608/1611) and Archduke of Austria (1576–1608). He was a member of the Ho ...
(1576–1611). At the end of his reign and during the reign of his brother
Mathias (1611–1619) there were built some late Renaissance or Mannerist buildings with Early Baroque elements in Prague. But it is hard to distinguish between the Mannerist style and the Early Baroque style because there is no clear break, therefore some scholars consider these buildings to be Early Baroque while others consider them to be Mannerist.
Among these transitional buildings is the Italian chapel consecrated to the
Assumption of the Virgin Mary, adjoining the former
Jesuit
, image = Ihs-logo.svg
, image_size = 175px
, caption = ChristogramOfficial seal of the Jesuits
, abbreviation = SJ
, nickname = Jesuits
, formation =
, founders ...
college called
Clementinum built in 1590-1600 for Italians residing in Prague, designed by the Italian O. Mascarino. Although it is a Late Renaissance or Mannerist chapel, it is very important for Czech Baroque architecture because of its elliptical ground plan which is much more typical for Baroque architecture than for the rational Renaissance style.
The
Matthias Gate
Matthias Gate, or Matthias' Gate, is a gate between the first and the second courtyards of Prague Castle in Prague, Czech Republic. It was erected by Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor
Matthias (24 February 1557 – 20 March 1619) was Holy Roman Em ...
of the
Prague Castle
Prague Castle ( cs, Pražský hrad; ) is a castle complex in Prague 1 Municipality within Prague, Czech Republic, built in the 9th century. It is the official office of the President of the Czech Republic. The castle was a seat of power for king ...
, built before 1614 probably by
Giovanni Maria Filippi is traditionally designated the first Baroque structure in Prague.
Early Baroque
The clear Baroque style came to the Crown of Bohemia during the
Thirty Years' War
The Thirty Years' War was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, lasting from 1618 to 1648. Fought primarily in Central Europe, an estimated 4.5 to 8 million soldiers and civilians died as a result of batt ...
(1618–1648) when it finally replaced the Renaissance style. The Baroque style, coming from Catholic Italy, was strongly supported by the rich Catholic aristocracy and the Catholic church, which became the only legal church after 1627.
The architects of early Baroque in the Czech lands were foreigners, mostly Italians.
The first Baroque palace in Prague and probably also the first in
Central Europe
Central Europe is an area of Europe between Western Europe and Eastern Europe, based on a common historical, social and cultural identity. The Thirty Years' War (1618–1648) between Catholicism and Protestantism significantly shaped the a ...
was built in 1621–1630 for a Czech nobleman, general of the imperial army in the Thirty Years' War,
Albrecht von Wallenstein
Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von Wallenstein () (24 September 1583 – 25 February 1634), also von Waldstein ( cs, Albrecht Václav Eusebius z Valdštejna), was a Bohemian military leader and statesman who fought on the Catholic side during the Th ...
.
Wallenstein Palace
Wallenstein Palace ( cs, Valdštejnský palác) is a Baroque palace in Malá Strana, Prague, that served as a residence for Imperial Generalissimo Albrecht von Wallenstein and now houses the Senate of the Czech Republic.
History
The original ...
(Czech: ''Valdštejnský palác'') was designed and built by Italian architects
Giovanni Pieroni and Andrea Spezza and was inspired by the newest Italian architecture of its time but the influence of Mannerism can also be seen.
The
Church of Our Lady Victorious
The Church of Our Lady of Victories (''Kostel Panny Marie Vítězné''), also referred as the Shrine of the Infant Jesus of Prague, in Malá Strana, the "Lesser Quarter" of Prague, is a church governed and administered by the Discalced Carmelit ...
in the
Lesser Town of Prague Lesser, from Eliezer (, "Help/Court of my God"), is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adolf Lesser (1851–1926), German physician
* Aleksander Lesser (1814–1884), Polish painter and art critic
* Anton Lesser (born 1952), Brit ...
is considered to be the first Baroque church in Prague. It was built probably by Giovanni Maria Filippi in 1611–13 for
Lutherans
Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism, identifying primarily with the theology of Martin Luther, the 16th-century German monk and reformer whose efforts to reform the theology and practice of the Catholic Church launched ...
in the late Renaissance style. In the 1620s the church became Catholic and was rebuilt in the early Baroque style. The new Baroque facade was completed in 1644.
Very important architect of the early Baroque style in Prague was
Carlo Lurago
Carlo Lurago (also spelled Luraghi) (1615 – 22 October 1684) was an Italian architect, who was most active in Prague.
He was born in Pellio Superiore in the Val d'Intelvi, near Como. At the age of 23, as an already an accomplished plasterer, ...
, who came from Italy and worked for the Jesuits. He started to rebuild the
Clementinum and the older Renaissance Church of the Holy Savior in the
Old Town
In a city or town, the old town is its historic or original core. Although the city is usually larger in its present form, many cities have redesignated this part of the city to commemorate its origins after thorough renovations. There are ma ...
, and for the Jesuits he built
St. Ignatius Church on
Charles Square in the
New Town
New is an adjective referring to something recently made, discovered, or created.
New or NEW may refer to:
Music
* New, singer of K-pop group The Boyz
Albums and EPs
* ''New'' (album), by Paul McCartney, 2013
* ''New'' (EP), by Regurgitator ...
and the Church in
Březnice. He built the Humprecht Chateau in 1666-1668 with an interesting elliptical ground floor. Another Italian architect who settled in the Czech lands was
Francesco Carrati
Francesco, the Italian (and original) version of the personal name "Francis", is the most common given name among males in Italy. Notable persons with that name include:
People with the given name Francesco
* Francesco I (disambiguation), seve ...
, who designed the
Černín Palace
The Czernin Palace ( cs, Černínský palác) is the largest of the baroque
The Baroque (, ; ) is a style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished in Europe from the early 17th century until t ...
in Prague.
In the early Baroque style was renovated the residence of the
archbishops of Olomouc in
Kroměříž
Kroměříž (; german: Kremsier) is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 28,000 inhabitants. It is known for the Kroměříž Castle with castle gardens, which are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The town centre with the ...
by Italian-Swiss architect
Filiberto Lucchese and then by Italian
Giovanni Pietro Tencalla Giovanni may refer to:
* Giovanni (name), an Italian male given name and surname
* Giovanni (meteorology), a Web interface for users to analyze NASA's gridded data
* '' Don Giovanni'', a 1787 opera by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, based on the legend ...
. The
Kroměříž Archbishop's Palace
Kroměříž (; german: Kremsier) is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 28,000 inhabitants. It is known for the Kroměříž Castle with castle gardens, which are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The town centre with th ...
was added to the
UNESCO World Heritage List.
Jean Baptiste Mathey
Jean Baptiste Mathey (1630–1696) was a French architect and painter born in Dijon.
Between 1675 and 1694 Mathey enjoyed a remarkable career in which his French planning and devotion to classical rationality (as opposed to the luxuriance of It ...
was an important French architect who worked in the Crown of Bohemia. His works include the Church of St. Francis Seraph in the Old Town of Prague and
Troja Palace, built near Prague for count of Sternberg. He also rebuilt the Archbishop's Palace in Prague. His works prefigure the High Baroque style in the Czech lands.
File:Kostel Svatého Salvátora na Křižovnickém náměstí.jpg, The front facade of the Church of the Holy Savior by Carlo Lurago
Carlo Lurago (also spelled Luraghi) (1615 – 22 October 1684) was an Italian architect, who was most active in Prague.
He was born in Pellio Superiore in the Val d'Intelvi, near Como. At the age of 23, as an already an accomplished plasterer, ...
, 1650s–1660s.
File:Klementinum, západ.jpg, The front facade of Clementinum by Carlo Lurago
Carlo Lurago (also spelled Luraghi) (1615 – 22 October 1684) was an Italian architect, who was most active in Prague.
He was born in Pellio Superiore in the Val d'Intelvi, near Como. At the age of 23, as an already an accomplished plasterer, ...
, 1650s–1660s.
File:Schloss Humprecht.jpg, The Humprecht Chateau by Carlo Lurago
Carlo Lurago (also spelled Luraghi) (1615 – 22 October 1684) was an Italian architect, who was most active in Prague.
He was born in Pellio Superiore in the Val d'Intelvi, near Como. At the age of 23, as an already an accomplished plasterer, ...
, 1666–1668.
File:Zámek Kroměříž.JPG, Kroměříž Archbishop's Palace
Kroměříž (; german: Kremsier) is a town in the Zlín Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 28,000 inhabitants. It is known for the Kroměříž Castle with castle gardens, which are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The town centre with th ...
by Filiberto Lucchese, 1660s.
File:Praha, Hradčany, Černínský palác 02.jpg, Černín Palace by Francesco Caratti, 1660s–1680s.
File:Trojský zámek, pohled ze zahrady.JPG, Troja Palace by Jean Baptiste Mathey
Jean Baptiste Mathey (1630–1696) was a French architect and painter born in Dijon.
Between 1675 and 1694 Mathey enjoyed a remarkable career in which his French planning and devotion to classical rationality (as opposed to the luxuriance of It ...
, 1679–1685.
File:Klášter křižovníků s červenou hvězdou (Staré Město), Praha 1, Křižovnické nám. 3, Staré Město - část souboru - kostel sv. Františka z Assisi.JPG, Church of St. Francis Seraph in the Old Town of Prague by Jean Baptiste Mathey
Jean Baptiste Mathey (1630–1696) was a French architect and painter born in Dijon.
Between 1675 and 1694 Mathey enjoyed a remarkable career in which his French planning and devotion to classical rationality (as opposed to the luxuriance of It ...
, 1679–1688.
File:Sv.Marketa-Jaromerice.jpg, Church of St. Margaret in Jaroměřice nad Rokytnou, late 17th century.
High Baroque
The High Baroque period in the Czech lands begins around the year 1690 and lasts to the mid-18th century. The architects of this time were mostly born in Bohemia or Moravia but often were of foreign origin. The most significant architects of this period were
Christoph Dientzenhofer, who came to Bohemia from Bavaria and lived in Prague, and his son
Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer
Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer ( cs, Kilián Ignác Dientzenhofer) (1 September 1689, Prague – 18 December 1751) was a Bohemian architect of the Baroque era. He was the fifth son of the German architect Christoph Dientzenhofer and the Bohemian-German ...
. They are known for their style called "radical Baroque", which was inspired by examples from northern Italy, particularly by the works of
Guarino Guarini
Camillo Guarino Guarini (17 January 1624 – 6 March 1683) was an Italian architect of the Piedmontese Baroque, active in Turin as well as Sicily, France, and Portugal. He was a Theatine priest, mathematician, and writer..
Biography
Guarini w ...
, and which seeks to express movement. It is characterized by the curvature of walls and intersection of oval spaces. Together, father and son Dientzenhofer built in 1702–1715 and 1737–1751 the
St. Nicholas Church in the
Lesser Town of Prague Lesser, from Eliezer (, "Help/Court of my God"), is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Adolf Lesser (1851–1926), German physician
* Aleksander Lesser (1814–1884), Polish painter and art critic
* Anton Lesser (born 1952), Brit ...
, due to its architecture one of the most important Baroque churches in
Europe
Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...
.
Other important high Baroque architects in the Crown of Bohemia were
Giovanni Battista Alliprandi, born in Italy, worked mainly for aristocracy,
František Maxmilián Kaňka
František Maxmilián Kaňka (9 August 1674 in Prague – 14 July 1766 in Prague) was a Czech architect and builder. He was known for modifying castles, palaces and churches. In 1724 he was appointed emperor's architect.
Work
He is most famous f ...
and
Jan Santini Aichel
Jan Blažej Santini Aichel (3 February 1677 – 7 December 1723) was a Czech architect of Italian descent, whose major works represent the unique Baroque Gothic style - the special combination of the Baroque and Gothic styles.
Biogra ...
. Significant are mainly Santinis pilgrimage churches
Basilica Virgin Mary in Křtiny an
St. John of Nepomuk in Žďár and the convent church in
Rajhrad
Rajhrad (german: Groß Raigern) is a town in Brno-Country District in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 4,000 inhabitants.
Geography
Rajhrad is located about south of Brno. It lies in the Dyje–Svratka Valley. It is ...
.
One of the most precious high Baroque secular buildings in Prague is the
Clam-Gallas Palace built in 1714-1718 by famous Austrian architect
Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach
Johann Bernhard Fischer von Erlach (20 July 1656 – 5 April 1723) was an Austrian architect, sculptor, engraver, and architectural historian whose Baroque architecture profoundly influenced and shaped the tastes of the Habsburg Empire. His inf ...
who also designed Baroque rebuilding of
Vranov nad Dyjí Chateau in
Moravia
Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
The ...
or a fountain in
Brno
Brno ( , ; german: Brünn ) is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers, Brno has about 380,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the Czech Republic ...
.
In Prague there are also fine high Baroque terraced palace gardens below the Prague Castle in the
Malá Strana
Malá Strana (Czech for "Little Side (of the River)", ) or more formally Menší Město pražské () is a district of the city of Prague, Czech Republic, and one of its most historic neighbourhoods.
In the Middle Ages, it was a dominant cente ...
of Prague: Ledebur Garden, Small and Great Palffy Gardens, Kolowrat and Small Fürstenberg Gardens. Another important terraced garden in the Malá Strana district is the
Vrtba Garden
The Vrtba Garden ( cs, Vrtbovská zahrada) in Prague
Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to ...
.
In 1714–1754 the
Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc was built by
Wenzel Render and other citizens of
Olomouc
Olomouc (, , ; german: Olmütz; pl, Ołomuniec ; la, Olomucium or ''Iuliomontium'') is a city in the Czech Republic. It has about 99,000 inhabitants, and its larger urban zone has a population of about 384,000 inhabitants (2019).
Located on t ...
. It too is listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
File:Holy Trinity Column-3.jpg, Holy Trinity Column in Olomouc
File:Křtiny Chrám Jména Panny Marie.jpg, The iconic radical baroque space - Basilica Virgin Mary in Křtiny, Moravia
Moravia ( , also , ; cs, Morava ; german: link=yes, Mähren ; pl, Morawy ; szl, Morawa; la, Moravia) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic and one of three historical Czech lands, with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
The ...
File:St Nicholas Church, Prague - 7821.jpg, The interior of St. Nicholas Church in the Lesser Town of Prague, 1750s–1760s.
File:Prague Praha 2014 Holmstad St. Johannes på berget-kirken Sv. Jana Na Skalce 2.JPG, Church of St. John of Nepomuk in the New Town of Prague by Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer
Kilian Ignaz Dientzenhofer ( cs, Kilián Ignác Dientzenhofer) (1 September 1689, Prague – 18 December 1751) was a Bohemian architect of the Baroque era. He was the fifth son of the German architect Christoph Dientzenhofer and the Bohemian-German ...
, 1730s.
File:Praha 2009-12-26-12.jpg, The front wall of Loreta in Prague by father and son Dientzenhofer, 1666–1668
File:Chlumec - Karlova koruna.jpg, Karlova Koruna Chateau
Karlova Koruna (german: Karlskrone) is a château in the town of Chlumec nad Cidlinou in the Czech Republic.
History
The château was built for František Ferdinand Kinský in 1721–23.
Construction was completed in time for King Charles VI's ...
by Jan Santini Aichel
Jan Blažej Santini Aichel (3 February 1677 – 7 December 1723) was a Czech architect of Italian descent, whose major works represent the unique Baroque Gothic style - the special combination of the Baroque and Gothic styles.
Biogra ...
and František Maxmilián Kaňka
František Maxmilián Kaňka (9 August 1674 in Prague – 14 July 1766 in Prague) was a Czech architect and builder. He was known for modifying castles, palaces and churches. In 1724 he was appointed emperor's architect.
Work
He is most famous f ...
, 1721–1723.
File:Zámek Mnichovo Hradiště (00).jpg, Mnichovo Hradiště Chateau by Marco Antonio Canevalle, 1690s–1720s.
File:Palais Clam-Gallas (straircase).JPG, Staircase of the Clam-Gallas Palace in Prague by J. B. Fischer von Erlach, 1714–1718.
File:Kašna Parnas (Brno) (6033).jpg, Fountain Parnas in Brno
Brno ( , ; german: Brünn ) is a city in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic. Located at the confluence of the Svitava and Svratka rivers, Brno has about 380,000 inhabitants, making it the second-largest city in the Czech Republic ...
by J. B. Fischer von Erlach, 1693–1695.
File:Vranov nad Dyjí, hrad, 2012, 001.JPG, Vranov nad Dyjí Chateau with dome by J. B. Fischer von Erlach, early 18th century.
Baroque Gothic
The Baroque Gothic style is a unique strand of Czech High Baroque art which connects the Bohemian Radical Baroque style with
Gothic
Gothic or Gothics may refer to:
People and languages
*Goths or Gothic people, the ethnonym of a group of East Germanic tribes
**Gothic language, an extinct East Germanic language spoken by the Goths
**Crimean Gothic, the Gothic language spoken b ...
elements. The creator and main representative of this style was the Bohemian architect
Jan Santini Aichel
Jan Blažej Santini Aichel (3 February 1677 – 7 December 1723) was a Czech architect of Italian descent, whose major works represent the unique Baroque Gothic style - the special combination of the Baroque and Gothic styles.
Biogra ...
.
The
Pilgrimage Church of Saint John of Nepomuk built in 1720s in this style by
Jan Santini Aichel
Jan Blažej Santini Aichel (3 February 1677 – 7 December 1723) was a Czech architect of Italian descent, whose major works represent the unique Baroque Gothic style - the special combination of the Baroque and Gothic styles.
Biogra ...
can be found on the UNESCO World Heritage List.
File:Church of St John of Nepomuk at Zelená hora CZ.jpg, Pilgrimage Church of Saint John of Nepomuk at Zelená hora near Žďár nad Sázavou
Žďár nad Sázavou (; german: Saar) is a town in the Vysočina Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 20,000 inhabitants. It is situated on a major rail link between Prague and Brno. The town both industrial and tourist centre. It is known ...
built in 1720s
File:Kopule kostela Nanebevzetí Panny Marie v Kladrubech - okres Tachov - Česká republika.jpg, Dome of the church in Kladruby by Jan Santini Aichel
Jan Blažej Santini Aichel (3 February 1677 – 7 December 1723) was a Czech architect of Italian descent, whose major works represent the unique Baroque Gothic style - the special combination of the Baroque and Gothic styles.
Biogra ...
, 1712–1726.
File:Želivský klášter - Kostel Narození Panny Marie.jpg, Church in the Želiv monastery by Jan Santini Aichel
Jan Blažej Santini Aichel (3 February 1677 – 7 December 1723) was a Czech architect of Italian descent, whose major works represent the unique Baroque Gothic style - the special combination of the Baroque and Gothic styles.
Biogra ...
, 1714–1721
File:Kostel Narození Panny Marie roudnice.jpg, Church in Roudnice nad Labem by Octavio Broggio.
File:Interiér sv. Havla Poříčí.jpg, Wooden Baroque Gothic furnishings of the St. Gallus Church (kostel sv. Havla) in Poříčí nad Sázavou
Poříčí nad Sázavou is a municipality and village in Benešov District in the Central Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 1,500 inhabitants.
Administrative parts
The village of Hvozdec is an administrative part of Poříčí ...
by Lazar Widemann, 1740s.
Late Baroque and Rococo
The late Baroque style was usual in the Crown of Bohemia during the reign of queen
Maria Theresa
Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (german: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was ruler of the Habsburg dominions from 1740 until her death in 1780, and the only woman to hold the position '' suo jure'' (in her own right) ...
(1740–1780). In that time the
Rococo
Rococo (, also ), less commonly Roccoco or Late Baroque, is an exceptionally ornamental and theatrical style of architecture, art and decoration which combines asymmetry, scrolling curves, gilding, white and pastel colours, sculpted moulding, ...
style occurred, which is very similar to Baroque but differs from it by its ornamental decoration. During her rule the
Neoclassical style
Neoclassical architecture is an architectural style produced by the Neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century in Italy and France. It became one of the most prominent architectural styles in the Western world. The prevailing sty ...
came to the Czech lands and after her death replaced the Baroque style.
The examples of the late Baroque architecture (with Rococo elements) in Prague are the Archbishop's Palace or the Goltz-Kinsky Palace on the
Old Town Square
Old Town Square ( cs, Staroměstské náměstí or colloquially ) is a historic square in the Old Town quarter of Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. It is located between Wenceslas Square and Charles Bridge.
Buildings
The square ...
. In the style of Baroque Classicism the New Royal Palace of the Prague Castle was rebuilt by the Viennese architect
Nicolo Pacassi in the second half of the 18th century.
See also
*
Czech Gothic architecture
*
Czech Renaissance architecture
References
{{Baroque architecture by country
Czech
Czech Republic
The Czech Republic, or simply Czechia, is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Historically known as Bohemia, it is bordered by Austria to the south, Germany to the west, Poland to the northeast, and Slovakia to the southeast. The ...
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