Cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) is a mixture of

isomer In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formulae – that is, same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. Isomerism is existence or possibility of isomers. Iso ...

organic compound In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The ...

s with formula C₆H₁₀(CH₂OH)₂. It is a colorless low-melting solid used in the production of

polyester Polyester is a category of polymers that contain the ester functional group in every repeat unit of their main chain. As a specific material, it most commonly refers to a type called polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyesters include natural ...

resins. Commercial samples consist of a mixture of cis and trans isomers. It is a di-substituted derivative of

cyclohexane Cyclohexane is a cycloalkane with the molecular formula . Cyclohexane is non-polar. Cyclohexane is a colorless, flammable liquid with a distinctive detergent-like odor, reminiscent of cleaning products (in which it is sometimes used). Cyclohexan ...

and is classified as a

diol A diol is a chemical compound containing two hydroxyl groups ( groups). An aliphatic diol is also called a glycol. This pairing of functional groups is pervasive, and many subcategories have been identified. The most common industrial diol is e ...

, meaning that it has two OH

functional group In organic chemistry, a functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule that causes the molecule's characteristic chemical reactions. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reactions regardless of the rest ...

s. Commercial CHDM typically has a cis/trans ratio of 30:70.

Applications

Via the process called

polycondensation In polymer chemistry, condensation polymers are any kind of polymers whose process of polymerization involves a condensation reaction (i.e. a small molecule, such as water or methanol, is produced as a byproduct). Condensation polymers are form ...

, CHDM is a precursor to polyesters. It is one of the most important

comonomer In polymer chemistry, a comonomer refers to a polymerizable precursor to a copolymer aside from the principal monomer. In some cases, only small amounts of a comonomer are employed, in other cases substantial amounts of comonomers are used. Furthe ...

s for production of

polyethylene terephthalate Polyethylene terephthalate (or poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET, PETE, or the obsolete PETP or PET-P), is the most common thermoplastic polymer resin of the polyester family and is used in fibres for clothing, containers for liquids and foods ...

(PET), or polyethylene terephthalic ester (PETE), from which

plastic bottle A plastic bottle is a bottle constructed from high-density or low density plastic. Plastic bottles are typically used to store liquids such as water, soft drinks, motor oil, cooking oil, medicine, shampoo, milk, and ink. The size ranges from v ...

s are made. CHDMester

Thermoplastic polyesters containing CHDM exhibit enhanced strength, clarity, and solvent resistance. The properties of the polyesters vary from the high melting crystalline poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate), PCT, to the non-crystalline copolyesters derived from both

ethylene glycol Ethylene glycol (IUPAC name: ethane-1,2-diol) is an organic compound (a vicinal diol) with the formula . It is mainly used for two purposes, as a raw material in the manufacture of polyester fibers and for antifreeze formulations. It is an odo ...

and CHDM. The properties of these polyesters also is affected by the cis/trans ratio of the CHDM monomer. CHDM reduces the degree of crystallinity of PET homopolymer, improving its processability. The copolymer tends to resist degradation, e.g. to

acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde (IUPAC systematic name ethanal) is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3 CHO, sometimes abbreviated by chemists as MeCHO (Me = methyl). It is a colorless liquid or gas, boiling near room temperature. It is one of the mos ...

. The copolymer with PET is known as glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate, PETG. PETG is used in many fields, including electronics, automobiles, barrier, and medical, etc.

Production

CHDM is produced by catalytic

hydrogenation Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction between molecular hydrogen (H2) and another compound or element, usually in the presence of a Catalysis, catalyst such as nickel, palladium or platinum. The process is commonly employed to redox, reduce or S ...

dimethyl terephthalate Dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(COOCH3)2. It is the diester formed from terephthalic acid and methanol. It is a white solid that melts to give a distillable colourless liquid.Richard J. Sheehan "Terepht ...

(DMT). The reaction conducted in two steps beginning with the conversion of DMT to the

diester In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an oxoacid (organic or inorganic) in which at least one hydroxyl group () is replaced by an alkoxy group (), as in the substitution reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. Glycerides are ...

dimethyl 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate (DMCD): :C₆H₄(CO₂CH₃)₂ + 3 H₂ → C₆H₁₀(CO₂CH₃)₂ In the second step DMCD is further hydrogenated to CHDM: :C₆H₁₀(CO₂CH₃)₂ + 4 H₂ → C₆H₁₀(CH₂OH)₂ + 2 CH₃OH A

copper chromite Copper chromite is an inorganic compound with the formula Cu2Cr2O5. It is a black solid that is used to catalyze reactions in organic synthesis. History The material was first described in 1908. The catalyst was developed in North America by Home ...

catalyst is usually used industrially. The cis/trans ratio of the CHDM is affected by the catalyst. Byproduct of this process are 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol (CH₃C₆H₁₀CH₂OH) and the monoester methyl 4-methyl-4-cyclohexanecarboxylate (CH₃C₆H₁₀CO₂CH₃,

CAS registry number A CAS Registry Number (also referred to as CAS RN or informally CAS Number) is a unique identification number assigned by the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), US to every chemical substance described in the open scientific literature. It inclu ...

51181-40-9).Peter Werle, Marcus Morawietz, Stefan Lundmark, Kent Sörensen, Esko Karvinen and Juha Lehtonen "Alcohols, Polyhydric" Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2008, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. The leading producers in CHDM are Eastman Chemical in US and SK Chemicals in South Korea.

References

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External links

U.S. National Library of Medicine: Hazardous Substances Databank – 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol
Monomers Diols