Croatian Vukovians ( sh, hrvatski vukovci) refers to a group of

Croatia , image_flag = Flag of Croatia.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Croatia.svg , anthem = "Lijepa naša domovino"("Our Beautiful Homeland") , image_map = , map_caption = , capit ...

linguist Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. It is called a scientific study because it entails a comprehensive, systematic, objective, and precise analysis of all aspects of language, particularly its nature and structure. Linguis ...

s that were active at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. Their work focused on the

standardization Standardization or standardisation is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and governments. Standardization ...

of the Croatian variety of

Serbo-Croatian Serbo-Croatian () – also called Serbo-Croat (), Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and ...

language. They were led by

Tomislav Maretić Tomislav Maretić (13 October 1854 – 15 January 1938) was a Croatian linguist and lexicographer. He was born in Virovitica, where he attended primary school and the gymnasium (school), gymnasium in Varaždin, Požega, Croatia, Požega and Zag ...

, and the most prominent members were

Franjo Iveković Franjo Iveković (September 19, 1834 – March 2, 1914) was a Croatian linguist and religious writer, university professor and rector of the University of Zagreb. Born in Klanjec, he studied theology in Zagreb and Pest, receiving his Ph.D. in th ...

Ivan Broz Ivan Broz (21 January 1852 – 25 December 1893) was a Croatian linguist and literary historian. Biography Broz was born in Klanjec where he attended primary school, then moved to primary school in Varaždin, and gymnasium in Karlovac, Po� ...

Pero Budmani Petar "Pero" Budmani ( sr-Cyrl, Перо Будмани; 27 October 1835 – 27 December 1914) was a writer, linguist, grammarian, and philologist from Dubrovnik and a renowned polyglot. Biography Budmani was born in Dubrovnik/Ragusa, at the time ...

, Armin Pavić, Vatroslav Rožić and others. At the period when Vukovians operated, the issue of a dialectal basis for literary Croatian was not yet settled. Vukovians supported the Neoštokavian

Ijekavian Shtokavian or Štokavian (; sh-Latn, štokavski / sh-Cyrl, italics=no, штокавски, ) is the prestige dialect of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language and the basis of its Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin standards. It ...

dialect (

Eastern Herzegovinian dialect The Eastern Herzegovinian dialect (, Serbo-Croatian: ''istočnohercegovački'' / источнохерцеговачки) is the most widespread subdialect of the Shtokavian dialect of Serbo-Croatian, both by territory and the number of speakers. ...

) that was recorded by

Vuk Karadžić Vuk Stefanović Karadžić ( sr-Cyrl, Вук Стефановић Караџић, ; 6 November 1787 (26 October OS)7 February 1864) was a Serbian philologist, anthropologist and linguist. He was one of the most important reformers of the mode ...

and described by

Đuro Daničić Đuro Daničić ( sr-Cyrl, Ђуро Даничић, ; 4 April 1825 – 17 November 1882), born Đorđe Popović ( sr-cyr, Ђорђе Поповић) and also known as Đura Daničić ( sr-Cyrl, Ђура Даничић), was a Serbian philologist, ...

. They advocated the use of phonological

orthography An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, hyphenation, capitalization, word breaks, emphasis, and punctuation. Most transnational languages in the modern period have a writing system, and mos ...

. Through their positions at the

Yugoslav Academy of Sciences and Arts The Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts ( la, Academia Scientiarum et Artium Croatica, hr, Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti, abbrev. HAZU) is the national academy of Croatia. HAZU was founded under patronage of the Croatian bishop Jo ...

and the

University of Zagreb The University of Zagreb ( hr, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, ; la, Universitas Studiorum Zagrabiensis) is the largest Croatian university and the oldest continuously operating university in the area covering Central Europe south of Vienna and all of ...

they exerted influence on the standardization of Croatian. They published three fundamental works: * ''Hrvatski pravopis'' (Croatian Normative Guide), Ivan Broz, 1892 * ''Gramatika i stilistika hrvatskoga ili srpskoga jezika'' (Grammar and Stylistics of Croatian or Serbian Language), Tomislav Maretić, 1899 * ''Rječnik hrvatskoga jezika'' (Croatian Dictionary), Franjo Iveković and Ivan Broz, 1901 Primarily due to political reasons as well as their professional competence, the standardized and orthographic conventions introduced and advocated by Vukovians were dominant at the end of the 19th century, and have shaped the course of the language standardization in Croatia in the first half of the 20th century. In their normative works (Maretić's grammar, Broz's orthography and the Broz–Iveković dictionary) they contributed to the final formation of the Croatian standard on a Neoštokavian dialect basis.

Notes

References

* *Pranjković, Ivo.
Hrvatski vukovci u ''Stoljećima hrvatske književnosti''
(Franjo Iveković, Ivan Broz, Tomo Maretić, Vatroslav Rožić, Milan Rešetar, Antun Radić, Nikola Andrić, Dragutin Boranić: Jezikoslovne rasprave i članci, prir. Marko Samardžija)." Rasprave: Časopis Instituta za hrvatski jezik i jezikoslovlje 28.1 (2002): 403-408. *Alerić, Marko. Conception of the Croatian Standard Language'hrvatskih vukovaca'. Diss. Filozofski fakultet, Sveučilište u Zagrebu, 2001. *Kuna, Branko. "Samardžija, Marko (2002)
Nekoć i nedavno. Odabrane teme iz leksikologije i novije povijesti hrvatskoga standardnoga jezika
Rijeka: Izdavački centar." Jezikoslovlje 3.1-2 (2002): 253-257. {{Wiktionary, Vukovian 19th century in Croatia 20th century in Croatia Croatian language Serbian language Serbo-Croatian language Yugoslavism